The Move to Community Policing; Making Change Happen

by Merry Morash

• ISBN13: 9780761924739
• ISBN10: 0761924736
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-28
• Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc

Summary

Community policing continues to be of great interest to policy makers, scholars and, of course, local police agencies. Successfully achieving the transformation from a traditional policing model to community policing can be difficult. This book aims to illuminate the path to make that change as easy as possible. Morash and Ford have produced a contributed anthology with original articles from a variety of well-known researchers, police trainers and leaders. They focus on: Recent research for developing data systems to shape police reform Changing the police culture to implement community policing Creating partnership strategies within police organizations and between police and community groups for successful community policing Anticipating future challenges

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xvii
Transforming Police Organizations	1	(14)
J. Kevin Ford
Merry Morash
Stage Model of Change	2	(4)
Exploration and Commitment	2	(1)
Planning and Implementation	3	(1)
Monitoring and Institutionalization	4	(2)
Organization of the Book	6	(5)
Developing Data-Driven Approaches	6	(1)
Changing the Police Culture	7	(1)
Creating Partnerships for Community Policing	8	(2)
Dealing With Ongoing Challenges in the Shift to Community Policing	10	(1)
References	11	(4)
PART I Developing Data-Driven Systems
Using Assessment Tools to Jump-Start the Move to Community Policing	15	(28)
Cori A. Davis
J. Kevin Ford
Data Gathering as a Process	16	(8)
A Data-Driven Model	17	(1)
Characteristics of Effective Data	18	(1)
Strategies for Collecting Qualitative Data	18	(3)
Strategies for Collecting Quantitative Data	21	(3)
Facilitated Assessment	24	(8)
Open Discussion	25	(2)
Structured Self-Assessment	27	(2)
Developing an Action Plan	29	(3)
Community-Policing Organizational Survey	32	(5)
Survey Results: A Case Example	34	(1)
Organizational Survey Feedback Process	35	(2)
Implications for Planning and Implementing a Change Effort	37	(4)
Benefits of Using Both Assessment Tools	37	(2)
Impact of Assessment Tool Data	39	(1)
Next Steps	40	(1)
References	41	(2)
Citizen Input and Police Service: Moving Beyond the ``Feel Good'' Community Survey	43	(18)
Michael D. Reisig
Citizen Satisfaction as Feedback in the Police Context	45	(5)
Police Encounters and Citizen Satisfaction	46	(1)
Quality of Life and Citizen Satisfaction	47	(1)
Reviving Encounter-Level Satisfaction Research	48	(2)
An Integrative Strategy for Acquiring Citizen Input	50	(5)
The Middletown Police Department: A Hypothetical Case	50	(5)
Conclusion	55	(4)
References	59	(2)
Using Multiple Methods in Community Crime Prevention and Community-Policing Research: The Case of Project ROAR	61	(20)
Andrew L. Giacomazzi
Edmund F. McGarrell
Project ROAR Overview	62	(4)
Research Questions and Design	63	(1)
Key Findings	64	(2)
Discussion of Research Methods and Implementation	66	(10)
Process Evaluation	66	(3)
Survey Research	69	(2)
Offenses Known and Arrest Data	71	(1)
Physical and Social Inventory of Neighborhoods	72	(3)
Quasi-Experimental Design	75	(1)
Conclusion	76	(2)
References	78	(3)
PART II Changing the Police Culture
Styles of Patrol in a Community Policing Context	81	(31)
Stephen D. Mastrofski
James J. Willis
Jeffrey B. Snipes
Research on Patrol Styles	82	(5)
Richmond and Its Community-Policing Program	84	(1)
Data and Methods	85	(2)
Styles of Policing	87	(15)
The Professional	88	(6)
The Reactor	94	(4)
The Tough Cop	98	(2)
The Avoider	100	(2)
Styles of Policing in a Community-Policing Context	102	(4)
Shift Work and Police Style	103	(2)
Community Policing and Police Styles: A New Paradigm?	105	(1)
Conclusion	106	(3)
Notes	109	(1)
References	110	(2)
Dual Responsibilities: A Model for Immersing Midlevel Managers in Community Policing	112	(14)
Mark E. Alley
Elizabeth M. Bonello
Joseph A. Schafer
The Role of Midlevel Managers	113	(2)
Traditional Roles	113	(1)
New Roles for Cultural Change	114	(1)
Engaging Midlevel Managers in Community Policing	115	(4)
Geographic Accountability	116	(1)
The Move to Dual Responsibilities	117	(2)
The Challenges of Dual Responsibility	119	(4)
Handling Shift and Geographic Responsibilities	119	(1)
Strategies for Meeting the Challenges	120	(3)
Conclusion	123	(1)
References	124	(2)
Organizational Change and Development: Fundamental Principles, Core Dilemmas, and Leadership Challenges in the Move Toward a Community-Policing Strategy	126	(29)
J. Kevin Ford
Fundamental Principles of Organizational Change and Development	127	(6)
Viewing Organizations as Integrated Systems	128	(2)
High Involvement	130	(1)
A Continuous Learning Perspective	131	(2)
Implications for the Transformation to Community Policing	133	(7)
Dealing With the Dilemmas of Change	133	(2)
Organizational Change Dilemmas	135	(5)
Leadership Challenges for Transforming Police Agencies	140	(9)
Preparing the Organization: Creating a Sense of Urgency for the Change	141	(1)
Planning for the Change: Creating a Powerful Guidance Team for Change	142	(2)
Implementing Change: Creating Opportunities for Innovation	144	(2)
Monitoring the Change Effort: Showing Constancy of Purpose	146	(1)
Institutionalizing the Change: Building on Successes	147	(2)
Conclusion	149	(1)
References	149	(6)
PART III Creating Partnerships
Focus on Internal Partnerships: A Framework for Implementing Community Policing in a Unionized Department	155	(25)
Michael J. Polzin
Julie L. Brockman
Partnerships	156	(2)
Working With a Unionized Police Force	158	(2)
Chapter Focus	160	(1)
The Context for Partnership	161	(8)
Union-Management Partnerships	162	(3)
Characteristics of Effective Union-Management Partnerships	165	(1)
Scope of Authority of the Union-Management Partnership	166	(2)
Reducing Resistance	168	(1)
A Framework for Building a Union-Management Partnership	169	(8)
Stage One: Getting Started	171	(2)
Stage Two: Preparing to Change	173	(1)
Stage Three: Working Cooperatively	174	(2)
Stage Four: Sustaining the Change	176	(1)
Ongoing Concerns	176	(1)
Conclusion	177	(2)
References	179	(1)
The Nexus of Community Policing and Domestic Violence	180	(24)
Merry Morash
Amanda L. Robinson
An Examination of the Nexus	181	(3)
Federal Efforts	181	(1)
Community Policing and the Nexus With Domestic Violence	182	(2)
Potential for Cooperation at the Nexus	184	(6)
Challenges to Cooperation	185	(4)
Contemporary Police Practices and Domestic Violence	189	(1)
Efforts to Create a Cooperative Nexus of Community Policing and Domestic Violence	190	(7)
Community Police Interacting with Parties Involved in Domestic Violence	190	(2)
Problem Solving Applied to Domestic Violence	192	(2)
Police-Public Partnerships	194	(3)
Conclusions and Recommendations	197	(3)
Notes	200	(1)
References	200	(4)
Action Research for Community-Oriented Policing and Comprehensive School Safety Planning	204	(19)
Audrey Z. Martini
Monique Fields
Tracey Goss McGinley
Amanda L. Robinson
Merry Morash
Research Methodology	206	(4)
Identifying the Components of a Safety Plan	207	(1)
Action Research	208	(2)
Survey Results	210	(4)
Importance of Key Aspects of a Comprehensive School Safety Plan	210	(2)
Social Capital to Promote School Safety	212	(1)
County-Specific Results	212	(2)
Conclusion	214	(2)
Appendix: School Safety Summit Survey	216	(6)
References	222	(1)
Social Capital, Collective Action, and Community Policing: A Case Study in Sioux City, Iowa	223	(20)
Mark E. Correia
Overview of Recent Sioux City History	224	(3)
Changing Demographics and Economic Base	224	(1)
Policing in Sioux City: An Example of Community Policing	225	(2)
CAST Successes and Problems	227	(4)
Collective Action	227	(2)
Social Capital	229	(1)
Social Capital and Social Responsibility	230	(1)
Research Focus	231	(5)
Data Collection and Methods	231	(1)
Measurement	232	(1)
Analysis of Community Cohesion	233	(3)
Discussion	236	(1)
Notes	237	(1)
References	238	(5)
PART IV Dealing With Ongoing Challenges
The Challenge of Effective Organizational Change: Lessons Learned in Community-Policing Implementation	243	(21)
Joseph A. Schafer
Impediments to Organizational Change	244	(7)
Organizational Issues	245	(4)
Human Issues	249	(2)
A Case Study of Community Policing in Motor City	251	(10)
Historical Perspective	252	(2)
Evaluating the MCPD Model	254	(3)
Lessons Learned	257	(4)
Conclusion	261	(1)
Notes	262	(1)
References	262	(2)
Reflections on the Move to Community Policing	264	(13)
David L. Carter
Developing a Perspective	264	(2)
The Past as Future	266	(3)
Project STAR	268	(1)
Integrated Criminal Apprehension Program (ICAP)	269	(1)
Problem-Oriented and Community Policing: Development and Integration	269	(4)
Breaking the Bonds of Tradition	271	(1)
Quality Management and Change to Community Policing	272	(1)
Final Thoughts	273	(2)
Note	275	(1)
References	275	(2)
Directing the Future of Community-Policing Initiatives	277	(12)
Merry Marash
J. Kevin Ford
Jane P. White
Jerome G. Boles III
The Core Elements of Community Policing	278	(1)
Key Challenges	279	(8)
A Customer-Based Organizational Transformation	279	(4)
Unlimited Partnerships	283	(3)
Unified Effort to Solve Problems	286	(1)
Decision Points	287	(2)
Index	289	(4)
About the Editors	293	(2)
About the Contributors	295