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Preface | p. XI |
Lise of Contributors | p. XIII |
Asymmetric Transformations by Coupled Enzyme and Metal Catalysis: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Some Fundamentals for DKR | p. 2 |
Enzymes for Kinetic Resolution | p. 2 |
Metal Catalysts for Racemization | p. 3 |
Enzyme-Metal Combination for DKR | p. 5 |
(R)- and (S)-Selective DKR | p. 5 |
Examples of DKR | p. 6 |
First DKR of Secondary Alcohols | p. 6 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 1 | p. 6 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 2 | p. 8 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 3 | p. 9 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 4 | p. 10 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 5 | p. 10 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 6 | p. 11 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 7 | p. 12 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Air-Stable Racemization Catalysts | p. 13 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Racemization Catalyst 10 | p. 14 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Aluminum Catalysts | p. 14 |
DKR of Secondary Alcohols with Vanadium Catalysts | p. 15 |
Conclusions | p. 16 |
References | p. 17 |
Chemoenzymatic Routes to Enantiomerically Pure Amino Acids and Amines | p. 21 |
Introduction | p. 21 |
Amino Acids | p. 23 |
Amines | p. 33 |
References | p. 38 |
Oxidizing Enzymes in Multi-Step Biotransformation Processes | p. 41 |
Oxidizing Enzymes in Biocatalysis | p. 41 |
Classes of Oxidizing Enzymes | p. 41 |
Mechanisms of Biological Oxidation and Implications for Multi-Enzyme Biocatalysis | p. 44 |
Multi-Step Biotransformation Processes Involving Oxidation | p. 45 |
Design and Development of New Multi-Enzyme Oxidizing Processes | p. 48 |
Coupling Redox Enzymes | p. 48 |
Cofactor Recycle in Multi-Step Oxidizing Biocatalytic Systems | p. 51 |
Examples of Multi-Enzyme Biotransformation Processes Involving Oxidizing Enzymes | p. 52 |
Coupling of Oxidases with Non-Redox Enzymes | p. 53 |
Biocatalytic Systems Involving Coupled Oxidizing Enzymes | p. 53 |
Multi-Enzyme Systems in Whole-Cell Biotransformations and Expression of Redox Systems in Recombinant Hosts | p. 55 |
Other Applications of Multi-Enzyme Oxidizing Systems | p. 56 |
Conclusions | p. 58 |
References | p. 58 |
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate-Dependent Aldolases in the Core of Multi-Step Processes | p. 61 |
Introduction | p. 61 |
DHAP-Dependent Aldolases | p. 63 |
Problem of DHAP Dependence | p. 63 |
DHAP-Dependent Aldolases in the Core of Aza Sugar Synthesis | p. 68 |
Combined Use of Aldolases and Isomerases for the Synthesis of Natural and Unnatural Sugars | p. 71 |
DHAP-Dependent Aldolases in the Synthesis of Natural Products | p. 73 |
Fructose-6-Phosphate Aldolase: An Alternative to DHAP-Dependent Aldolases? | p. 76 |
Conclusions | p. 78 |
References | p. 79 |
Multi-Enzyme Systems for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates | p. 83 |
Introduction | p. 83 |
In Vitro and In Vivo Multi-Enzymes Systems | p. 85 |
Combinatorial Biocatalysis | p. 86 |
Synthesis and In Situ Regeneration of Nucleotide Sugars | p. 88 |
Synthesis of Oligosaccharides, Glycopeptides and Glycolipids Oligosaccharides | p. 94 |
Combinatorial Biosynthesis | p. 97 |
Synthesis of Oligosaccharides with Metabolically Engineered Cells | p. 98 |
Conclusions | p. 102 |
References | p. 102 |
Enzyme-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions | p. 109 |
Introduction | p. 109 |
Enzyme Immobilization | p. 110 |
Reaction Types: General Considerations | p. 111 |
Chiral Alcohols | p. 112 |
Chiral Amines | p. 114 |
Chiral Carboxylic Acid Derivatives | p. 121 |
C-C Bond Formation: Aldolases | p. 127 |
Oxidations with O[subscript 2] and H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] | p. 130 |
Conclusions and Prospects | p. 131 |
References | p. 132 |
Multi-modular Synthases as Tools of the Synthetic Chemist | p. 137 |
Introduction | p. 137 |
Excised Domains for Chemical Transformations | p. 139 |
Function of Individual Domains and Domain Autonomy | p. 139 |
Heterocyclization and Aromatization | p. 139 |
Macrocyclization | p. 144 |
Halogenation | p. 147 |
Glycosylation | p. 150 |
Methyltransferases | p. 151 |
Oxidation | p. 153 |
Conclusions | p. 155 |
References | p. 156 |
Modifying the Glycosylation Pattern in Actinomycetes by Combinatorial Biosynthesis | p. 159 |
Bioactive Natural Products in Actinomycetes | p. 159 |
Deoxy Sugar Biosynthesis and Gene Clusters | p. 161 |
Characterization of Sugar Biosynthesis Enzymes | p. 161 |
Strategies for the Generation of Novel Glycosylated Derivatives | p. 165 |
Gene Inactivation | p. 165 |
Gene Expression | p. 166 |
Combining Gene Inactivation and Gene Expression | p. 166 |
Endowing a Host with the Capability of Synthesizing Different Sugars | p. 166 |
Generation of Glycosylated Derivatives of Bioactive Compounds | p. 166 |
Macrolides | p. 167 |
Aureolic Acid Group | p. 175 |
Angucyclines | p. 181 |
Anthracyclines | p. 186 |
Indolocarbazoles | p. 191 |
Aminocoumarins | p. 193 |
References | p. 194 |
Microbial Production of DNA Building Blocks | p. 199 |
Introduction | p. 199 |
Screening of Acetaldehyde-Tolerant Deoxyriboaldolase and Its Application for DR5P Synthesis | p. 200 |
Construction of Deoxyriboaldolase-Overexpressing E. coli and Metabolic Analysis of the E. coli Transformants for DR5P Production from Glucose and Acetaldehyde | p. 201 |
Efficient Production of DR5P from Glucose and Acetaldehyde by Coupling of the Alcoholic Fermentation System of Baker's Yeast and Deoxyriboaldolase-Expressing E. coli | p. 203 |
Biochemical Retrosynthesis of 2'-Deoxyribonucleosides from Glucose Acetaldehyde and a Nucleobase: Three-Step Multi-Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis | p. 204 |
One-Pot Multi-Step Enzymatic Synthesis of 2'-Deoxyribonucleoside from Glucose, Acetaldehyde and a Nucleobase | p. 206 |
Improvement of the One-Pot Multi-Step Enzymatic Process for Practical Production of 2'-Deoxyribonucleoside from Glucose, Acetaldehyde and a Nucleobase | p. 207 |
Conclusions | p. 208 |
References | p. 210 |
Combination of Biocatalysis and Chemical Catalysis for the Preparation of Pharmaceuticals Through Multi-Step Syntheses | p. 213 |
Introduction: Biocatalysis and Chemical Catalysis | p. 213 |
Pharmaceuticals with Hydrolases | p. 214 |
Enzymatic Hydrolysis | p. 214 |
Enzymatic Transesterification | p. 219 |
Enzymatic Aminolysis | p. 222 |
Pharmaceuticals with Oxidoreductases | p. 226 |
Pharmaceuticals with Lyases | p. 227 |
Conclusions | p. 230 |
References | p. 231 |
Index | p. 235 |
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