Music Business Handbook And Career Guide

by Baskerville, David

• ISBN13: 9781412904384
• ISBN10: 1412904382
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-28
• Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc

Summary

The new Eighth Edition of the Music Business Handbook and Career Guide maintains the tradition of this classic text as the most comprehensive, up-to-date guide to the $100 billion music industry. This new Eighth Edition expands on hot-button music business issues such as digital downloads, piracy, and record company transformations. Thoroughly revised, the Eighth Edition shares a particular emphasis on online music and its impact on the rest of the industry. The Eighth Edition also includes complete coverage of all aspects of the music industry, including songwriting, publishing, licensing, artist management, promotion, retailing, media, and much more. New to This Edition Highlights the impact of online music, the iPod revolution, digital downloads, and cellular ring tones on the music industry Features complete sections on entrepreneurial ventures and careers in music, including specific advice on getting started in the music business Includes a revised Instructor's Manual on CD offering new in-the-classroom tips on how to best use the classic text as both a core and supplemental resource This updated Eighth Edition of a bestseller is thorough in scope and ideal as the core textbook in courses such as Introduction to the Music Business, Music and Media, and survey courses. This book can also be used for more specialized courses on the record industry, music merchandising, music careers, artist management, music and the law, arts administration, and music in popular culture. Music business newcomers and professionals alike will find the new edition a valuable resource, whatever their specialty within the field.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xix
Stan Cornyn
Acknowledgments	xxi
Part I Music in the Marketplace	1	(22)
Overview	3	(12)
More Than Pop	4	(2)
Art Versus Commerce	6	(1)
Historical Development: Finding a Paying Audience	6	(5)
Influence of Mass Media	11	(1)
The Arts and Entertainment Industry	12	(3)
The Music Business System	15	(8)
Getting Through the Maze	15	(3)
Music Business Studies in Higher Education	18	(1)
Help Wanted!	19	(4)
Part II Songwriting, Publishing, Copyright	23	(92)
Professional Songwriting	25	(24)
The Market	25	(1)
Predictors of Success	26	(1)
The Craft	27	(2)
Collaboration	28	(1)
Copyright Registration	29	(1)
The Business of Writing	29	(3)
From Tin Pan Alley to the Brill Building . . .	30	(1)
. . . To the Home Studio	30	(1)
The Performer's Dual Role	31	(1)
Income Sources	32	(2)
Income From a Recording	32	(2)
Performance Royalties and New Revenue Streams	34	(1)
Publishing Options	34	(3)
Staff Writers	35	(1)
Label-Affiliated Deals	35	(2)
Evaluating Publishers	37	(1)
The Songwriters Guild of America	38	(3)
The Songwriters Guild of America Contract	39	(2)
Contract Reassignment or Default	41	(1)
Breaking In	41	(8)
Demonstration Recordings	42	(1)
Local Promotion	43	(1)
Promotion by Mail	44	(2)
Direct Contact With Publishers	46	(1)
Network, Network, and Then Network Some More	46	(3)
Music Publishing	49	(34)
Types of Publishers	51	(6)
Major Companies	52	(1)
Recording Company Affiliates	53	(1)
Independent Publishers	54	(1)
Educational Field	55	(1)
Specialty Publishers	56	(1)
Concert Music	56	(1)
Print Licensees	56	(1)
Subpublishing	57	(2)
Subpublishing Agreements	57	(1)
At-Source Deals Versus Receipts-Basis Deals	58	(1)
Administration	59	(6)
Royalty Department	60	(1)
Copyright Department	60	(1)
Legal and Business Affairs	61	(1)
Print Publishing Operations	61	(1)
Distribution	62	(1)
Creative or A&R	63	(2)
Contracts With Writers	65	(6)
Split Publishing, Copublishing	71	(1)
Copyright Protection: Sampling	72	(2)
Promotion, Advertising	74	(2)
Popular Music	74	(1)
Educational Field	75	(1)
Classical Field	76	(1)
Income Sources	76	(2)
Trade Associations	78	(5)
Harry Fox Agency, Inc.	78	(5)
Music Copyright	83	(32)
Background	83	(1)
Essential Provisions	84	(1)
Key Terms	85	(3)
Coverage	88	(1)
Exclusive Rights	89	(1)
Fair Use of Copyrighted Material	90	(2)
Copyright Ownership	92	(1)
Ownership Limitation	92	(1)
Collective Works	92	(1)
Film Music	93	(1)
Transfer or Assignment	93	(2)
Recordation of Transfer	93	(1)
Termination or Recapture	94	(1)
Work Made for Hire	95	(1)
Musical Arrangements	96	(1)
Arrangers' Rights	96	(1)
Public Domain	97	(1)
Sound Recordings	97	(1)
Performance Right Exclusion	98	(1)
Imitation Exclusion	98	(1)
Compulsory Mechanical License	98	(2)
Compulsory License Bypass	99	(1)
Royalty Payments (Section 115[c])	100	(1)
Duration of Copyright	100	(3)
Subsisting Copyrights in Their First Term on January 1, 1978 (Section 304)	101	(1)
Renewal Registration	102	(1)
Subsisting Copyrights in Their Renewal Term	102	(1)
After 75 Years	102	(1)
After January 1, 1978	102	(1)
Works in the Trunk (Section 303)	103	(1)
Formalities	103	(4)
Notice on Printed Music	103	(1)
Notice on Phonorecords (Section 402)	104	(1)
Notice Errors or Omissions	104	(1)
Deposit (Section 407)	105	(1)
Registration (Section 408)	106	(1)
Fees (Section 708)	107	(1)
Copyright Royalty Tribunal and Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel	107	(1)
Infringement, Remedy	107	(1)
Record Counterfeiting, Penalties	108	(1)
Changing Laws	109	(2)
First Sale Doctrine	109	(1)
The Audio Home Recording Act of 1992	110	(1)
Rights in Names and Trademarks	111	(2)
Selection of a Name	111	(2)
Rights in a Name	113	(1)
A Final Note on Law	113	(2)
Part III Business Affairs	115	(76)
Music Licensing	117	(26)
Music Rights: An Overview	117	(4)
Performing Rights Organizations	121	(2)
Performance Licensing: The Nuts and Bolts	122	(1)
Keeping Track of the Music	123	(2)
Royalty Distribution	124	(1)
Foreign Collections	125	(1)
Membership Options	125	(8)
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers	126	(3)
Broadcast Music Inc.	129	(2)
SESAC	131	(2)
Mechanical Licenses	133	(1)
Synchronization Licenses	134	(2)
TV Movie Rights	136	(1)
New Use Rights	136	(1)
Cable Television Licenses	136	(1)
Other Cable TV Licenses	137	(1)
Video Licenses	137	(1)
Transcription Licenses	138	(1)
Special Use Permits	138	(1)
Broadcast Commercials	138	(1)
Jukebox Licenses	139	(1)
Dramatic Music Rights	139	(4)
Agents, Managers, and Attorneys	143	(16)
Agents	145	(5)
Regional Agencies	146	(1)
National Full-Service Agencies	147	(1)
Regulation of Agents	148	(2)
Managers	150	(3)
Regulation of Managers	150	(2)
Assistants to Management	152	(1)
Attorneys	153	(4)
Retaining Legal Counsel	153	(4)
Business Management Techniques	157	(2)
Artists' Recording Contracts	159	(22)
AFTRA Agreements	159	(4)
Vocal Contractors	159	(1)
Scale	160	(2)
Acquired Masters	162	(1)
Nonunion Recording	163	(1)
AFM Agreements	163	(4)
Sound Recording Labor Agreement	163	(2)
Sound Recording Special Payments Fund	165	(1)
Music Performance Funds	166	(1)
Nonunion Recording	167	(1)
Royalty Artist Contracts	167	(14)
Types of Deals	167	(1)
Negotiations	168	(1)
The Issues	169	(8)
New Use	177	(4)
Unions and Guilds	181	(10)
American Federation of Musicians	182	(2)
Union Finance	183	(1)
Other Services	183	(1)
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists	184	(2)
The 4As	185	(1)
American Guild of Musical Artists	186	(1)
American Guild of Variety Artists	186	(1)
Actors' Equity Association	186	(1)
Screen Actors Guild	187	(1)
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes	188	(1)
Other Unions and Guilds	188	(3)
National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians--Communications Workers of America	188	(1)
Dramatists Guild of America, Inc.	188	(1)
Related Unions and Guilds	189	(1)
Open Shop Agreements	189	(1)
Other Issues	189	(2)
Part IV Managing, Producing, and Merchandising	191	(108)
Artist Management	193	(26)
Discovering Each Other	194	(1)
The Financial Relationship	195	(1)
Accounting	195	(1)
Controlling Expense	196	(1)
Manager's Commission	196	(4)
Going Rates	196	(2)
The Money Flow	198	(1)
A Possible Compromise	198	(1)
Producing the Act	199	(1)
Coordinating the Elements	200	(1)
Programming	200	(1)
Advancing the Career	200	(7)
Landing a Recording Contract	201	(3)
Care and Feeding of the Media	204	(1)
Controlling Performances	205	(1)
Negotiating for Appearances	206	(1)
Developing Peripheral Income	206	(1)
Personal Management Agreement	207	(12)
Record Production	219	(24)
Record Producers	219	(1)
Matching Producer to Artist	220	(2)
Production Deals	222	(2)
Royalties, Fees	222	(2)
The Recording Studio: Operation and Selection	224	(4)
Studio Operation	224	(1)
Studio Design	225	(1)
Selecting a Studio	226	(1)
Types of Studios	227	(1)
The Five Stages of Record Production	228	(10)
Preproduction: Budgeting and Planning	229	(4)
Basics and Tracking	233	(1)
Overdubbing	234	(1)
Mixing	235	(2)
Mastering	237	(1)
Getting Started as a Producer	238	(1)
Professional Associations	239	(4)
Concert Production	243	(20)
Getting Started	244	(1)
The Cost of Doing Business	244	(1)
Booking the Artist	244	(2)
Finding the Artist	244	(2)
Assessing the Artists' Draw	246	(1)
Making an Offer	246	(2)
The Agent	246	(1)
The Offer	247	(1)
The Art of the Deal	248	(2)
Negotiating Artists' Fees	248	(1)
Potential Versus Reality	248	(2)
Control Sheets	250	(1)
Contracts	250	(1)
Marketing	250	(6)
Print, Radio, and Direct Mail Marketing	254	(1)
Advertising Production	255	(1)
Placement	256	(1)
Publicity and Public Relations	256	(1)
Web Sites	257	(1)
Foreign Interest	257	(1)
Press Releases	257	(1)
Publicists	257	(1)
Sponsorships	257	(3)
Record Company Sponsorships	257	(1)
Local Radio Stations	258	(1)
Arena Sponsorship	259	(1)
Corporate Sponsors	259	(1)
College Sponsorship	259	(1)
National Promoters	260	(1)
Ticketing	260	(3)
Ticket Terms	260	(1)
Computer Tickets Versus Hard-Copy Tickets	261	(2)
Arts Administration	263	(22)
The Classical Music Market	263	(1)
Perspective	264	(1)
Representative Organizations	265	(2)
Symphonic Music	267	(5)
American Symphony Orchestra League	267	(2)
Salary Arrangements	269	(3)
Funding the Arts	272	(2)
National Endowment for the Arts	273	(1)
State Arts Councils	274	(4)
Foundations, Corporate Giving	276	(1)
Volunteer Support	277	(1)
Administration	278	(7)
The Need	278	(3)
Financial Management	281	(4)
Music Products	285	(14)
Music Retailers	285	(8)
Full Line	285	(1)
The Combo Store (Rock Shop)	286	(1)
School Music	287	(1)
Specialty Shops	288	(1)
Consumer Audio Equipment	288	(1)
Keyboards	289	(1)
Print Music	290	(1)
Books, Magazines, and Trade Journals	291	(2)
Sales Leaders	293	(1)
Promotion of Musical Products	294	(1)
Financial Management in Music Retail	295	(1)
New Trends in Music Retail	296	(1)
Product Manufacturing: A New World	296	(1)
Trade Associations	297	(1)
Opportunities for Employment	298	(1)
Part V The Recording Industry	299	(56)
Scope of the Recording Industry	301	(14)
Perspective	301	(3)
Major Labels	304	(1)
Independent Labels	305	(1)
Specialty Labels	306	(1)
Do-It-Yourself Recording	307	(1)
Record Company Structure	307	(4)
Executive Officer (CEO, COO, CFO, General Manager)	307	(1)
Artist and Repertoire (A&R)	307	(2)
Distribution/Sales	309	(1)
Marketing	309	(1)
International Department	310	(1)
Business and Legal Affairs	310	(1)
Accounting	311	(1)
Publishing Affiliates	311	(1)
National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences	311	(4)
Record Promotion, Distribution, and Retailing	315	(20)
The Marketing Plan	315	(2)
Developing a Marketing Plan	315	(1)
The Concept	316	(1)
SWOT	317	(1)
The Elements of a Marketing Plan	317	(7)
Targets	317	(3)
Publicity	320	(2)
Advertising	322	(1)
International Promotion	323	(1)
Record Distribution	324	(3)
Major Label Distribution	325	(1)
Independent Distribution	325	(2)
Retail Merchandising	327	(8)
Rack Jobbers	327	(1)
Retail Stores	328	(2)
Retail Chain Stores	330	(1)
E-Tailers	330	(1)
Cutouts, Repackaging	330	(2)
National Association of Recording Merchandisers	332	(3)
Record Markets	335	(10)
Research Methods	335	(1)
The Charts	335	(1)
Comparison of the Charts	336	(1)
The Impact of Tracks	336	(1)
Data Collection	336	(2)
Broadcast Data System	336	(1)
Mediabase 24/7	337	(1)
Mediaguide	337	(1)
SoundScan	337	(1)
Market Research	338	(1)
Record Categorization	339	(1)
Stylistic Preferences	340	(1)
Reaching the Buyer	341	(1)
Demographics	341	(4)
The Digital Age	345	(10)
The Double-Edged Sword	345	(1)
Internet Synergy	346	(1)
Labels Lay Seeds of Self-Destruction	347	(1)
Smaller, Cheaper, Faster, Better (?)	348	(1)
The Economics of Digital Distribution: Change and Evolution	349	(1)
The New Economic Order	350	(1)
The Digital Future	351	(4)
Part VI Music in Broadcasting and Film and Theater	355	(92)
Music in Radio	357	(18)
Types of Stations	358	(2)
Audience Identification and Market Research	360	(3)
Data Interpretation	362	(1)
Spectrum of Formats	363	(4)
CHR/Top 40	363	(1)
Adult Contemporary	363	(1)
Country	364	(1)
Urban Contemporary	364	(1)
Alternative	364	(1)
AOR	364	(1)
Classic Rock	365	(1)
Active Rock	365	(1)
Oldies	365	(1)
NAC	365	(1)
Non-English Stations	366	(1)
Classical	366	(1)
Others	366	(1)
How Commercial Radio Stations Work	367	(8)
Operations	367	(1)
Personnel	367	(2)
The Economics of Commercial Radio	369	(1)
Programming	369	(1)
Program Content	370	(1)
Networks and Syndication	371	(1)
Satellite-Delivered Formats	372	(3)
Music in Television	375	(18)
Variety and Talk Shows	376	(3)
Music Specials/Events/Awards Shows	379	(2)
Theme Songs	381	(1)
Background Music and Foreground Spotlights	382	(1)
The Singer/Actors	382	(1)
The Commercials	382	(2)
The Evolving TV Picture	384	(2)
The Home Theater Impetus	386	(1)
MTV and the Rise of the Music Video	386	(1)
Producing Short-Form Videos	387	(6)
Dramatic Scoring for Motion Pictures and TV	393	(18)
Background	394	(3)
Changing Styles	394	(3)
Emergence of Sound Tracks	397	(1)
The Craft	397	(4)
The Process	397	(1)
Spotting the Film	398	(2)
Composition	400	(1)
Recording to Film	400	(1)
The Final Mix	401	(1)
Music Scoring for TV	401	(1)
Library Music	402	(1)
Hiring Practices	402	(9)
AFM Contracts	402	(1)
Package Deals	402	(1)
Composers	403	(1)
Music Supervisors	404	(1)
Copyists	405	(1)
Orchestra Musicians	405	(2)
Music Editors	407	(1)
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers	408	(3)
Music in Advertising	411	(18)
Influences on Style	412	(1)
Jobs	412	(1)
Music Uses	413	(1)
Budgets	413	(1)
Station Logos	414	(1)
The Agency Role	414	(2)
Spot Production	416	(13)
Writing Copy	416	(1)
Scoring Music	417	(1)
Production Companies	417	(2)
Artists and Fees	419	(1)
Artists' Contracts	420	(2)
Production Sequence	422	(7)
Music and Theater	429	(14)
Types of Musical Theater	430	(5)
Broadway Musicals	430	(1)
Off-Broadway Theater	431	(1)
School Productions	432	(1)
Regional Theater	432	(1)
Summer Theater	433	(1)
National Tours	433	(1)
Las Vegas and Other Entertainment Centers	434	(1)
Industrial Shows	434	(1)
Amusement Parks and Cruise Ships	434	(1)
Theater Associations	435	(1)
Production Components	435	(8)
The Producer	435	(1)
Subsidiary Rights	436	(1)
Original Cast Album	436	(1)
Option and Royalty Payments	437	(1)
Approvals	437	(1)
Costs	437	(6)
Business Music and Production Libraries	443	(4)
Foreground and Background Music	443	(1)
Service Companies	444	(2)
Production Music Libraries	446	(1)
Part VII Career Planning and Development	447	(78)
Career Options	449	(50)
Creative Careers	451	(11)
Professional Songwriter	451	(2)
Lyricist	453	(1)
Composer of Show Music	453	(3)
Composer of Educational Materials	456	(1)
Composer of Children's Music	457	(1)
Composer of Classical Music	458	(1)
Arranger-Orchestrator	459	(2)
Music Editor	461	(1)
Music Copyist	462	(1)
Directing/Producing Careers	462	(5)
Music Director-Conductor	462	(2)
Record Producer	464	(3)
Performing Careers	467	(6)
Singer	467	(2)
Instrumentalist	469	(4)
Teaching Careers	473	(6)
Studio Teacher	473	(1)
School Music Educator	474	(2)
College Music Instructor	476	(1)
Music Therapist	477	(2)
Broadcasting/Film/Video Game Careers	479	(7)
Radio Broadcasting	479	(2)
Film/TV Broadcasting	481	(3)
Music Video/Music Special Producer-Director	484	(1)
Video Game Scorer/Audio Programmer	485	(1)
Advertising Jingle Writer	486	(1)
Music-Related Careers	486	(9)
Critic/Journalist/Editor	486	(3)
Music Librarian	489	(1)
Science and Technology	490	(2)
Managerial/Executive	492	(1)
Sales	493	(1)
Legal Services	494	(1)
Visual Arts/Graphics	495	(1)
Entrepreneurs/Starting Your Own Business	495	(4)
Starting Your Own Business	499	(16)
Getting the Process Started	500	(2)
Choosing a Name	502	(1)
Forms of Ownership	502	(2)
Sole Proprietorship	502	(1)
Partnership	503	(1)
Corporation	503	(1)
Permits and Legalities	504	(1)
Raising Funds	505	(1)
Marketing	505	(2)
Product	505	(1)
Price	506	(1)
Place	506	(1)
Promotion	506	(1)
Web Promotion	507	(1)
Accounting and Finance	507	(1)
When to Record a Transaction	507	(1)
How to Record a Transaction	507	(1)
Keeping Track of the Money	508	(1)
Balance Sheet	508	(1)
Income Statement	508	(1)
Operations Management	509	(1)
Gantt Charts	509	(1)
Management	510	(1)
Motivating Employees	510	(2)
Where to From Here?	512	(3)
Career Development	515	(10)
Defining Goals	515	(4)
Climbing the Ladder	519	(1)
Finding Work	520	(5)
Part VIII Canadian Music Industry and International Copyright	525	(30)
What You Need to Know About Canada's Music Scene	527	(11)
Richard Flohil
International Copyright: The World Market Outside the United States	538	(17)
Phil Hardy
Dave Laing
Appendix A: Membership and Copyright Forms	555	(2)
Appendix B: Selected Readings	557	(6)
Books	557	(3)
Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, Newsletters	560	(3)
Appendix C: Professional Organizations	563	(10)
Glossary	573	(20)
Index	593	(20)
About the Author	613	(2)
About the Editor	615