Top
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Introduction
The Flashcard App
Part One: Chemistry for Biology
1 Chemical Bonds and Reactions
Covalent, Ionic, and Intermolecular Bonds
Intermolecular Forces: van der Waals and Hydrogen Bonding
Energy Transformation (and How It Must Follow the Rules of the Universe)
Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions
Enzyme Function
Enzyme Inhibition
Allosteric Enzymes
Review Questions
2 Properties of Water
Unique Properties of Water
Review Questions
3 Macromolecules
Dehydration and Hydrolysis Reactions
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Review Questions
Part Two: Cells
4 Overview of the Cell
Cell Membranes
Cell Types
Review Questions
5 Eukaryotic Cells and Their Organelles
Organelles
Plant versus Animal Cells
Review Questions
6 Cells and Energy Transformation
ATP
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
NADH versus FADH2—Why One Is Better Than the Other
The Role of Oxygen (and what to do if there isn’t any)
Photosynthesis: Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle (AKA the dark reactions)
Review Questions
7 Cell Transport
Passive versus Active Transport
Osmosis and a Cell’s Surroundings
Living with Osmotic Challenges
Review Questions
8 Signal Transduction: Cell Communication
Step 1: Reception
Step 2: Transduction
Step 3: Response
Review Questions
Part Three: Genetics
9 DNA and RNA: Structure of Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Structure of RNA
DNA Chromosome Structure
Review Questions
10 Replication of DNA
Helicase
DNA Polymerase
Dehydration Reaction
Two Identical Chromosomes
Review Questions
11 Gene Expression and Differentiation
Transcription
Translation
Cell Differentiation and Epigenetics
Operons: Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Review Questions
12 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Review Questions
13 Meiosis
Meiosis Creates Cells with Half the DNA (only one set of chromosomes)
Meiosis Shuffles the Two Sets of Chromosomes Like a Deck of Cards
Review Questions
14 Mendelian Genetics
Sex Linkage
Review Questions
Part Four: Evolution
15 The Theory of Natural Selection
The Development of the Theory of Natural Selection
The Mechanism of Natural Selection
Review Questions
16 The Evidence for Evolution
Molecular Similarities
Anatomical Evidence
Geological and Fossil Evidence
Review Questions
17 Microevolution: Evolution of Populations
Genetic Variation in a Gene Pool
The Hardy-Weinberg Equations
How Populations Can Change
Review Questions
18 Macroevolution: Evolution of Species
Review Questions
19 Phylogeny and Vertebrate Evolution
Review Questions
Part Five: Forms of Life
20 Plant Structure and Transport
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Review Questions
21 Plant Reproduction
Review Questions
22 Introduction to Animals
Review Questions
23 Animals Need Homeostasis
The Importance of Maintaining Homeostasis
Hormones
Disruption of Homeostasis
Osmoregulation When You Live in the Water
Excretion
Osmoregulation in Humans
Review Questions
24 Animal Digestion
The Steps of Digestion
Review Questions
25 Animal Circulation and Respiration
Circulatory System
Vertebrate Circulatory System
Review Questions
26 Animal Neurons and Signal Transduction
Action Potential
Neurotransmitters and Synapses
Review Questions
27 The Animal Immune System
First Line of Defense: Outer Barriers
Second Line of Defense: Phagocytes and Inflammation
Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity
B Cells and the Humoral Response
T Cells and the Cell-Mediated Response
Active Immunity, Passive Immunity, and Vaccinations
Review Questions
Part Six: Ecology
28 Populations
Birthrate
Death Rate
Limiting Population Growth
Interspecies Interactions
Symbiotic Relationship: Parasitism
Symbiotic Relationship: Mutualism
Symbiotic Relationship: Commensalism
Symbiotic Relationship: It’s Complicated
Review Questions
29 Ecosystems and Their Interconnectivity
Matter and Energy Flow in Ecosystem
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Review Questions
30 Human Impact on Ecosystems
Natural Disturbances and Ecological Succession
Human-Caused Disturbances
Pollution
Review Questions
Answer Key
