The Norton Introduction to Literature

by Beaty, Jerome; Booth, Alison; Hunter, J. Paul; Mays, Kelly J.

• ISBN13: 9780393977431
• ISBN10: 0393977439
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-10-01
• Publisher: W W Norton & Co Inc

Summary

A balanced selection of classic and contemporary works by prominent and less-well-known writers. From Joyce, Hemingway, O'Connor, Auden, Stevens, Dickinson, Faulkner, Hawthorne, and Whitman, to Sharon Olds, Nicholson Baker, Carolyn Forche, Paul Ruffin, Salman Rushdie, Agha Shahid Ali, Eamon Grennan, Linda Pastan, Li-Young Lee, Jimmy Santiago Baca, Simon Ortiz, Seamus Heaney, Karen Volkman, and David Ives. "Exploring Contexts" chapters provide a window into the broader literary world by placing the stories, poems, and plays in contextual groups, literary, authorial, cultural, historical, and social, illuminating connections among texts and the influences that shape them. "Critical Context" Casebooks, a new feature, serve as capstone chapters for each genre. Each includes one primary literary work followed by several professional critical responses, allowing students to explore one work in depth and to develop and expand their reading and analytical skills as they prepare to write about what they've read. Two student papers, one, a personal response essay, and the other, a research paper, round out the fiction casebook. Reading, Responding, Writing chapters introduce students to a genre and ways of exploring and writing about it. Understanding the Text chapters within each genre cover the elements of literature, providing students with the tools they need to consider various works. Evaluating chapters strengthen students' critical skills by guiding them in the difficult task of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of literary works. A Reading More section offers an album of pieces for further reading. New Fiction Chapter: Cultural and Historical Context This new chapter focuses on F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Babylon Revisited" and discusses the historical events and cultural climate that provided the backdrop for Fitzgerald's fiction. No other anthology offers so deep a contextual analysis. New Drama Chapter: The Author's Work as Context: William Shakespeare Pushing students beyond their natural curiosity about Shakespeare's life, this new chapter calls attention to stylistic and thematic currents running through Shakespeare's work and encourages students to read Shakespeare actively and critically. Evaluation Chapters Revised "Evaluating" (fiction, poetry, drama) chapters have been reconceived to guide students toward determining and declaring the basis on which they are making their evaluative judgments. New Introduction: "What is Literature?" Alison Booth's insightful introduction discusses questions concerning the nature of "literature," the value of reading and writing about it, and the history of "the canon."

Table of Contents

Preface	xxiii
Introduction: What Is Literature?	xxvii
Fiction
Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing	2	(13)
The Zebra Storyteller	2	(3)
Spencer Holst
No One's a Mystery	5	(3)
Elizabeth Tallent
The Jewelry	8	(7)
Guy de Maupassant
Questions / Writing Suggestions	14	(1)
Understanding the Text	15	(305)
Plot	15	(51)
Happy Endings	20	(3)
Margaret Atwood
The Country Husband	23	(18)
John Cheever
Sonny's Blues	41	(25)
James Baldwin
Questions / Writing Suggestions	64	(2)
Narration and Point of View	66	(36)
The Cask of Amontillado	70	(5)
Edgar Allan Poe
Hills Like White Elephants	75	(3)
Ernest Hemingway
How	78	(7)
Lorrie Moore
Dreams	85	(17)
Timothy Findley
Questions / Writing Suggestions	100	(2)
Character	102	(55)
Why I Live at the P.O.	107	(9)
Eudora Welty
Bartleby, the Scrivener	116	(26)
Herman Melville
Our Friend Judith	142	(15)
Doris Lessing
Questions / Writing Suggestions	155	(2)
Setting	157	(29)
A Pair of Tickets	159	(14)
Amy Tan
The Lady with the Dog	173	(13)
Anton Chekhov
Questions / Writing Suggestions	184	(2)
Symbol	186	(28)
Young Goodman Brown	189	(9)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
A Hunger Artist	198	(7)
Franz Kafka
Janus	205	(9)
Ann Beattie
Questions / Writing Suggestions	208	(2)
The Struggle to Surface in the Water of ``Sonny's Blues''	210	(4)
Geoffrey Clement
Theme	214	(39)
A Souvenir of Japan	218	(6)
Angela Carter
The Management of Grief	224	(12)
Bharati Mukherjee
Interpreter of Maladies	236	(17)
Jhumpa Lahiri
Questions / Writing Suggestions	251	(2)
The Whole Text	253	(67)
The Secret Sharer	253	(31)
Joseph Conrad
Questions and Writing Suggestions	282	(2)
Love Medicine	284	(17)
Louise Erdrich
Questions and Writing Suggestions	300	(1)
The Open Boat	301	(19)
Stephen Crane
Questions and Writing Suggestions	318	(2)
Exploring Contexts	320	(151)
The Author's Work As Context: Flannery O'Connor	320	(59)
A Good Man Is Hard to Find	323	(11)
The Lame Shall Enter First	334	(26)
Everything That Rises Must Converge	360	(11)
Passages from Essays and Letters	371	(8)
Questions / Writing Suggestions	377	(2)
Literary Kind As Context: Initiation Stories	379	(22)
Gorilla, My Love	380	(5)
Toni Cade Bambara
Boys and Girls	385	(10)
Alice Munro
Araby	395	(6)
James Joyce
Questions / Writing Suggestions	399	(2)
Form As Context: The Short Short Story	401	(22)
The Story of an Hour	403	(2)
Kate Chopin
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings	405	(4)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Girl	409	(1)
Jamaica Kincaid
Pants on Fire	410	(4)
Nicholson Baker
The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket	414	(3)
Yasunari Kawabata
The Use of Force	417	(2)
William Carlos Williams
She Unnames Them	419	(4)
Ursula K. Le Guin
Questions / Writing Suggestions	421	(2)
Critical Contexts: A Fiction Casebook	423	(48)
A Rose for Emily	425	(46)
William Faulkner
``Like the Sand of the Hourglass ...''	433	(3)
Daniel Bronson
``We all said, `she will kill herself''': The Narrator / Detective in William Faulkner's ``A Rose for Emily''	436	(8)
Lawrence R. Rodgers
Styles of Reading	444	(8)
George L. Dillon
A Rose for ``A Rose for Emily''	452	(7)
Judith Fetterley
Of Time and Its Mathematical Progression: Problems of Chronology in Faulkner's ``A Rose for Emily''	459	(7)
Gene M. Moore
``One of us ...'': Concepts of the Private and the Public in William Faulkner's ``A Rose for Emily''	466	(5)
Willow D. Crystal
Evaluating Fiction	471	(42)
A Conversation with My Father	471	(6)
Grace Paley
The Most Dangerous Game	477	(18)
Richard Connell
Why ``The Most Dangerous Game'' Is Good Literature	492	(1)
Thaddeus Smith
Why ``The Most Dangerous Game'' Is Not Good Literature	493	(2)
Sara Rosen
Barn Burning	495	(18)
William Faulkner
Reading More Fiction	513	(87)
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge	513	(6)
Ambrose Bierce
The Real Thing	519	(18)
Henry James
The Yellow Wallpaper	537	(12)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Odour of Chrysanthemums	549	(15)
D. H. Lawrence
Flowering Judas	564	(9)
Katherine Anne Porter
The Garden of Forking Paths	573	(7)
Jorge Luis Borges
Cathedral	580	(10)
Raymond Carver
Dressing Down	590	(10)
Carol Shields
Poetry
Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing	600	(19)
Reading	601	(1)
How Do I Love Thee?	601	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
The Tally Stick	602	(1)
Jarold Ramsey
love poem	603	(2)
Linda Pastan
The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter	605	(1)
Ezra Pound
Wedding-Ring	606	(2)
Denise Levertov
Responding	607	(1)
On My First Son	608	(1)
Ben Jonson
The Vacuum	609	(1)
Howard Nemerov
Mid-Term Break	610	(1)
Seamus Heaney
Fifth Grade Autobiography	611	(1)
Rita Dove
The Fury of Overshoes	612	(3)
Anne Sexton
Writing About Poems	614	(1)
Practicing Reading: Some Poems On Love	615	(1)
[Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone]	615	(1)
W. H. Auden
To My Dear and Loving Husband	615	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
[Let me not to the marriage of true minds]	616	(1)
William Shakespeare
[What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why]	616	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
To the Ladies	617	(1)
Mary Lady Chudleigh
A Last Confession	617	(2)
W. B. Yeats
Questions / Writing Suggestions	618	(1)
Understanding the Text	619	(211)
Tone	619	(21)
Barbie Doll	619	(1)
Marge Piercy
Leaving the Motel	620	(2)
W. D. Snodgrass
In Time of Plague	622	(2)
Thom Gunn
Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane	624	(1)
Etheridge Knight
London	625	(2)
William Blake
Woodchucks	627	(1)
Maxine Kumin
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers	628	(2)
Adrienne Rich
Many Tones: Poems About Family Relationships	630	(1)
After Making Love We Hear Footsteps	630	(1)
Galway Kinnell
Eden	630	(1)
Emily Grosholz
The Necessity for Irony	631	(1)
Eavan Boland
Persimmons	632	(2)
Li-Young Lee
Those Winter Sundays	634	(1)
Robert Hayden
You Didn't Fit	635	(1)
Susan Musgrave
Elegy	636	(1)
Alan Dugan
Alzheimer's	637	(1)
Kelly Cherry
Postcard from Kashmir	637	(1)
Agha Shahid Ali
Green Chile	638	(2)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Questions / Writing Suggestions	639	(1)
Speaker: Whose Voice Do We Hear?	640	(20)
The Ruined Maid	640	(2)
Thomas Hardy
In a Prominent Bar in Secaucus One Day	642	(1)
X. J. Kennedy
Letters in the Family	643	(3)
Adrienne Rich
Death of a Young Son by Drowning	646	(1)
Margaret Atwood
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister	647	(3)
Robert Browning
Sudden Journey	650	(1)
Tess Gallagher
A Certain Lady	650	(2)
Dorothy Parker
Needs	652	(1)
A. R. Ammons
She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways	653	(1)
William Wordsworth
Praying Drunk	654	(2)
Andrew Hudgins
Hanging Fire	656	(1)
Audre Lorde
They Flee from Me	656	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
The Poison Flower	657	(1)
Mary Coleridge
We Real Cool	658	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
[I celebrate myself, and sing myself]	658	(2)
Walt Whitman
Questions / Writing Suggestion	658	(2)
Situation and Setting: What Happens? Where? When?	660	(31)
Cherrylog Road	661	(3)
James Dickey
The Flea	664	(1)
John Donne
Daystar	665	(1)
Rita Dove
To a Daughter Leaving Home	666	(1)
Linda Pastan
On the Late Massacre in Piedmont	667	(2)
John Milton
Point Shirley	669	(2)
Sylvia Plath
Dover Beach	671	(2)
Matthew Arnold
Situations	673	(1)
How I Discovered Poetry	673	(1)
Marilyn Nelson
The Night-Wind	673	(1)
Emily Bronte
To His Coy Mistress	674	(2)
Andrew Marvell
Summer Love	676	(1)
Marilyn Chin
Peeling an Orange	676	(1)
Virginia Hamilton Adair
A Way of Life	677	(2)
Howard Nemerov
Times	679	(1)
[Full many a glorious morning have I seen]	679	(1)
William Shakespeare
The Good-Morrow	679	(1)
John Donne
Morning Song	680	(1)
Sylvia Plath
A Description of the Morning	681	(1)
Jonathan Swift
Evening	681	(1)
Karen Volkman
Winter Evening	682	(1)
Archibald Lampman
Places	683	(1)
Singapore	683	(1)
Mary Oliver
In Westminster Abbey	684	(1)
John Betjeman
A Map of the City	685	(1)
Thom Gunn
Midsummer	686	(5)
Derek Walcott
Questions / Writing Suggestions	686	(2)
A Letter to an Author	688	(3)
Kimberly Smith
Language	691	(52)
Precision and Ambiguity	691	(1)
[The golf links lie so near the mill]	691	(1)
Sarah Cleghorn
There's No To-Morrow	692	(1)
Anne Finch
Of Time and the Line	693	(1)
Charles Bernstein
At the San Francisco Airport	694	(2)
Yvor Winters
Slim Cunning Hands	696	(1)
Walter de la Mare
Gentle Communion	697	(2)
Pat Mora
[After great pain, a formal feeling comes---]	699	(1)
Emily Dickinson
My Papa's Waltz	699	(2)
Theodore Roethke
Sex without Love	701	(1)
Sharon Olds
Lies	702	(1)
Martha Collins
[I dwell in Possibility---]	702	(1)
Emily Dickinson
William Carlos Williams
The Red Wheelbarrow	703	(1)
This Is Just to Say	703	(1)
Pied Beauty	704	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
[in Just-]	704	(1)
E. E. Cummings
Still to Be Neat	705	(1)
Ben Jonson
Delight in Disorder	705	(1)
Robert Herrick
From Paradise Lost	706	(3)
John Milton
De Puero Balbutiente	709	(2)
Thomas Bastard
Picturing: The Languages of Description	710	(1)
Bluebonnets	711	(1)
Gail Mazur
The Beautiful Changes	712	(1)
Richard Wilbur
On a Drop of Dew	713	(1)
Andrew Marvell
To Penshurst	714	(3)
Ben Jonson
Metaphor and Simile	717	(1)
[That time of year thou mayst in me behold]	717	(2)
William Shakespeare
Marks	719	(1)
Linda Pastan
My Father's Garden	720	(1)
David Wagoner
Hogwash	721	(1)
Robert Francis
A Red, Red Rose	722	(1)
Robert Burns
Two Songs	723	(2)
Adrienne Rich
[Sex, as they harshly call it,]	723	(1)
[That ``old last act''!]	724	(1)
Anonymous, The Twenty-third Psalm	725	(1)
John Donne
[Batter my heart, three-personed God; for You]	726	(1)
The Computation	726	(1)
At the Hospital	726	(1)
David Ferry
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner	727	(1)
Randall Jarrell
The Night Has a Thousand Eyes	727	(1)
Francis William Bourdillon
[Wild Nights---Wild Nights!]	728	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Symbol	729	(1)
Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941	729	(2)
Sharon Olds
The Leap	731	(2)
James Dickey
Song	733	(1)
Edmund Waller
I Am Like a Rose	734	(1)
D. H. Lawrence
One Perfect Rose	735	(1)
Dorothy Parker
The Sick Rose	735	(2)
William Blake
Fireflies in the Garden	737	(1)
Robert Frost
Diving into the Wreck	737	(2)
Adrienne Rich
After a Death	739	(1)
Roo Borson
The Town Dump	740	(3)
Howard Nemerov
Questions / Writing Suggestions	741	(2)
The Sound of Poetry	743	(27)
The Word Plum	743	(2)
Helen Chasin
What the Motorcycle Said	745	(1)
Mona Van Duyn
Dirge	746	(2)
Kenneth Fearing
Sound and Sense	748	(2)
Alexander Pope
Metrical Feet	750	(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Emily Dickinson	751	(1)
Wendy Cope
Anonymous, [There was a young lady of Riga]	751	(1)
Song	751	(1)
Sir John Suckling
To the Memory of Mr. Oldham	752	(2)
John Dryden
The Raven	754	(3)
Edgar Allan Poe
[Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore]	757	(1)
William Shakespeare
Watching the Dance	757	(1)
James Merrill
Spring and Fall:	758	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Foolproof Loofah	758	(1)
Lee Ann Brown
[A narrow Fellow in the Grass]	758	(2)
Emily Dickinson
Words and Music	760	(1)
A Song	760	(1)
Thomas Randolph
When to Her Lute Corinna Sings	761	(1)
Thomas Campion
Homage to the Empress of the Blues	761	(1)
Robert Hayden
Dear John, Dear Coltrane	762	(1)
Michael Harper
Mr. Tambourine Man	763	(1)
Bob Dylan
123rd Street Rap	764	(6)
Willie Perdomo
Questions / Writing Suggestions	766	(1)
Metrical Variation and Meaning in ``To the Memory of Mr. Oldham''	767	(3)
Christine Woodside
Internal Structure	770	(23)
Mr. Flood's Party	770	(3)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
The Goose Fish	773	(2)
Howard Nemerov
Church Going	775	(2)
Philip Larkin
Sonrisas	777	(1)
Pat Mora
Arrangements with Earth for Three Dead Friends	778	(2)
James Wright
The Victims	780	(2)
Sharon Olds
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spens	782	(1)
The Dance	783	(1)
William Carlos Williams
[The Wind begun to knead the Grass---]	783	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Save Us From	784	(1)
Roo Borson
Ode to the West Wind	785	(2)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
In Memory of W. B. Yeats	787	(6)
W. H. Auden
Questions / Writing Suggestions	789	(1)
Language and Structure in Sharon Olds's ``The Victims''	790	(3)
Carol Lin
External Form	793	(22)
The Sonnet	796	(1)
Nuns Fret Not	796	(1)
William Wordsworth
[My lady's presence makes the roses red]	797	(2)
Henry Constable
On the Sonnet	799	(1)
John Keats
The White House	799	(1)
Claude McKay
[When I consider how my light is spent]	800	(1)
John Milton
London, 1802	800	(1)
William Wordsworth
In an Artist's Studio	801	(1)
Christina Rossetti
The Potato Harvest	801	(1)
Sir Charles G. D. Roberts
First Fight. Then Fiddle.	802	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Range-Finding	802	(1)
Robert Frost
Yet Do I Marvel	803	(1)
Countee Cullen
Joy Sonnet in a Random Universe	803	(2)
Helen Chasin
Stanza Forms	804	(1)
Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night	805	(1)
Dylan Thomas
Poetry	805	(1)
Marianne Moore
Sestina	806	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Ars Poetica	807	(2)
Archibald MacLeish
The Way a Poem Looks	809	(1)
[l(a)]	809	(1)
E. E. Cummings
Composed in the Composing Room	810	(1)
Franklin P. Adams
[Buffalo Bill's]	810	(1)
E. E. Cummings
The Jungle Husband	811	(1)
Stevie Smith
Easter Wings	812	(1)
George Herbert
Anglosaxon Street	813	(1)
Earle Birney
Evenings News I	814	(1)
David Ferry
Questions / Writing Suggestions	814	(1)
The Whole Text	815	(15)
Delay	816	(1)
Elizabeth Jennings
Anonymous, Western Wind	817	(1)
Upon Julia's Clothes	818	(2)
Robert Herrick
Musee des Beaux Arts	820	(1)
W. H. Auden
The Collar	821	(1)
George Herbert
Design	822	(1)
Robert Frost
[My Life had stood---a Loaded Gun---]	822	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Epitaph on Elizabeth, L. H.	823	(7)
Ben Jonson
Questions / Writing Suggestions	823	(2)
Tragedy in Five Stanzas: ``Woodchucks''	825	(5)
Meaghan E. Parker
Exploring Contexts	830	(126)
The Author's Work as Context: John Keats	830	(16)
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	832	(1)
On the Grasshopper and the Cricket	833	(1)
From Endymion (Book 1)	833	(1)
Ode to a Nightingale	834	(2)
Ode on a Grecian Urn	836	(2)
To Autumn	838	(1)
Passages from Letters and the Preface to Endymion	839	(7)
Questions / Writing Suggestion	845	(1)
The Author's Work in Context: Adrienne Rich	846	(22)
At a Bach Concert	847	(1)
Storm Warnings	848	(1)
Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law	848	(4)
Planetarium	852	(2)
For the Record	854	(1)
[My mouth hovers across your breasts]	854	(1)
History	855	(1)
Modotti	856	(1)
Personal Reflections	857	(11)
Question / Writing Suggestions	867	(1)
Literary Tradition as Context	868	(31)
Echo and Allusion	869	(1)
[Come, my Celia, let us prove]	870	(1)
Ben Jonson
The Lamb	871	(1)
William Blake
Boom!	871	(2)
Howard Nemerov
Love in America?	873	(1)
Marianne Moore
You Too? Me Too---Why Not? Soda Pop	874	(1)
Robert Hollander
[Not marble, nor the gilded monuments]	875	(1)
William Shakespeare
Poetic ``Kinds''	876	(1)
The Passionate Shephered to His Love	876	(2)
Christopher Marlowe
Haiku	878	(1)
[Whether astringent]	878	(1)
Chiyojo
Basho
[A village without bells---]	879	(1)
[This road---]	880	(1)
Buson
[Coolness---]	880	(1)
[Listening to the moon]	880	(1)
[The faces of dolls]	880	(1)
Seifu
[Old pond--- ...]	881	(1)
Lafcadio Hearn
[An old-time pond, from off whose shadowed depth]	881	(1)
Clara A. Walsh
[The still old pond]	881	(1)
Earl Miner
[The old pond]	881	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
[The falling flower]	882	(1)
Babette Deutsch
[Eastern guard tower]	882	(1)
Etheridge Knight
[In the falling snow]	882	(1)
Richard Wright
Ray Charles	882	(1)
James A. Emanuel
Imitating and Answering	883	(1)
The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd	883	(1)
Sir Walter Ralegh
Raleigh Was Right	884	(1)
William Carlos Williams
[(ponder, darling, these busted statues]	885	(1)
E. E. Cummings
A Further Proposal	885	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams	886	(1)
Kenneth Koch
Ode on a Grecian Urn Summarized	887	(2)
Desmond Skirrow
Cultural Belief and Tradition	888	(1)
Adam's Task	889	(1)
John Hollander
Eve Names the Animals	889	(1)
Susan Donnelly
Helen	890	(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)
Ulysses Embroidered	891	(1)
Miriam Waddington
The Kraken	892	(1)
Alfred Lord Tennyson
The Negro Speaks of Rivers	893	(1)
Langston Hughes
On Being Brought from Africa to America	893	(1)
Phyllis Wheatley
Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Miracle Wheatley	893	(1)
June Jordan
Africa	894	(1)
Maya Angelou
A Far Cry from Africa	895	(1)
Derek Walcott
Advice to a First Cousin	896	(1)
Alberto Alvaro Rios
Jacklight	897	(2)
Louise Erdrich
Questions / Writing Suggestions	898	(1)
Cultural and Historial Context	899	(25)
Emmett Till	900	(1)
James A. Emanuel
Channel Firing	901	(1)
Thomas Hardy
Sonnet: The Ladies' Home Journal	902	(4)
Sandra Gilbert
Times, Places, and Events	906	(1)
Thinking about Bill, Dead of AIDS	906	(1)
Miller Williams
From Colony to Nation	906	(1)
Irving Layton
Welcome to Hiroshima	907	(1)
Mary Jo Salter
Harlem (A Dream Deferred)	908	(1)
Langston Hughes
Frederick Douglass	909	(1)
Robert Hayden
Casabianca	909	(1)
Felicia Dorothea Hemans
Casabianca	910	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Dulce et Decorum Est	911	(1)
Wilfred Owen
Ballad of Birmingham	912	(1)
Dudley Randall
Constructing Identity, Exploring Gender	913	(1)
Exchanging Hats	913	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Practicing	914	(1)
Marie Howe
Song: To Lucasta, Going to the Wars	915	(1)
Richard Lovelace
My Last Duchess	915	(2)
Robert Browning
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
To George Sand---A Desire	917	(1)
To George Sand---A Recognition	917	(1)
Written the First Year I Was Marry'd	918	(1)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
What's That Smell in the Kitchen?	918	(1)
Marge Piercy
Paper Matches	919	(1)
Paulette Jiles
Edna St. Vincent Millay
[Women have loved before as I love now]	919	(1)
[I, being born a woman and distressed]	919	(1)
The Lonely Wife	920	(1)
Amy Lowell
The Silence of Women	921	(1)
Liz Rosenberg
A Blank	921	(3)
Thom Gunn
Questions / Writing Suggestions	922	(2)
Critical Contexts: A Poetry Casebook	924	(32)
Daddy	926	(30)
Sylvia Plath
Dying Is an Art	929	(3)
George Steiner
The Plath Celebration: A Partial Dissent	932	(1)
Irving Howe
Sylvia Plath	933	(3)
A. Alvarez
Rituals of Exorcism: ``Daddy''	936	(3)
Judith Kroll
From Protean Poetic	939	(3)
Mary Lynn Broe
From A Feminine Tradition	942	(2)
Margaret Homans
From A Disturbance in Mirrors	944	(3)
Pamela J. Annas
Jealous Gods	947	(9)
Steven Gould Axelrod
Evaluating Poetry	956	(11)
[Th' expense of spirit in a waste of shame]	959	(1)
William Shakespeare
Song	960	(3)
John Donne
Blackberry Eating	963	(1)
Galway Kinnell
[The Brain---is wider than the Sky---]	963	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Anecdote of the Jar	964	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter	964	(1)
John Crowe Ransom
King Kong Meets Wallace Stevens	965	(2)
Michael Ondaatje
Questions/Writing Suggestions	965	(2)
Reading More Poetry	967	(49)
The Tyger	967	(1)
William Blake
To the Diaspora	968	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Kubla Khan	968	(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Emily Dickinson
[Because I could not stop for Death---]	970	(1)
[I stepped from Plank to Plank]	971	(1)
[It dropped so low---in my Regard---]	971	(1)
[We do not play on Graves---]	971	(1)
[She dealt her pretty words like Blades---]	972	(1)
John Donne
[Death, be not proud, though some have called thee]	972	(1)
The Sun Rising	972	(1)
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning	973	(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
Sympathy	974	(1)
We Wear the Mask	975	(1)
Journey of the Magi	975	(2)
T. S. Eliot
Robert Frost
The Road Not Taken	977	(1)
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening	977	(1)
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard	978	(3)
Thomas Gray
Gerard Manley Hopkins
God's Grandeur	981	(1)
The Windhover	981	(1)
Langston Hughes
I, Too	982	(1)
Theme for English B	983	(1)
Skunk Hour	984	(1)
Robert Lowell
The Garden	985	(2)
Andrew Marvell
Sharon Olds
I Go Back to May 1937	987	(1)
The Lifting	988	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Barren Woman	988	(1)
Black Rook in Rainy Weather	989	(1)
Ezra Pound
In a Station of the Metro	990	(1)
A Virginal	990	(1)
Wallace Stevens
The Emperor of Ice-Cream	990	(1)
Sunday Morning	991	(3)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal	994	(1)
Tears, Idle Tears	995	(1)
Ulysses	995	(2)
Fern Hill	997	(2)
Dylan Thomas
Song of the Son	999	(1)
Jean Toomer
Walt Whitman
Facing West from California's Shores	999	(1)
I Hear America Singing	1000	(1)
A Noiseless Patient Spider	1000	(1)
Richard Wilbur
Museum Piece	1001	(1)
Love Calls Us to the Things of This World	1001	(1)
Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour, July 13, 1798	1002	(4)
William Wordsworth
W. B. Yeats
The Lake Isle of Innisfree	1006	(1)
Easter 1916	1006	(2)
The Second Coming	1008	(1)
Leda and the Swan	1009	(1)
Sailing to Byzantium	1010	(1)
Among School Children	1011	(5)
Drama
Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing	1016	(27)
Trifles	1019	(11)
Susan Glaspell
Sure Thing	1030	(13)
David Ives
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1039	(1)
Trifles	1040	(3)
Caryl Zook
Understanding the Text	1043	(173)
Character	1043	(3)
Structure	1046	(1)
Stages, Sets, and Setting	1047	(2)
Tone	1049	(1)
Theme	1050	(1)
The Children's Hour	1051	(50)
Lillian Hellman
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1100	(1)
A Doll House	1101	(53)
Henrik Ibsen
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1152	(2)
The Piano Lesson	1154	(62)
August Wilson
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1215	(1)
Exploring Contexts	1216	(454)
The Author's Work as Context: William Shakespeare	1216	(167)
A Midsummer Night's Dream	1222	(56)
Hamlet	1278	(105)
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1378	(2)
The Play's the Thing: Deception in Hamlet	1380	(3)
Jeanette Sperhac
Literary Context: Tragedy and Comedy	1383	(90)
Oedipus the King	1386	(41)
Sophocles
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1426	(1)
The Importance of Being Earnest	1427	(46)
Oscar Wilde
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1472	(1)
Culture as Context: Social and Historical Setting	1473	(144)
A Raisin in the Sun	1477	(66)
Lorraine Hansberry
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1542	(1)
Death of a Salesman	1543	(74)
Arthur Miller
Questions/Writing Suggestions	1612	(2)
Dream of a Salesman	1614	(3)
Sherry Schnake
Critical Contexts: A Drama Casebook	1617	(53)
Antigone	1620	(50)
Sophocles
The Antigone of Sophocles	1653	(1)
Richard C. Jebb
Sophoclean Tragedy	1654	(2)
Maurice Bowra
Introduction to Sophocles: The Three Theban Plays	1656	(5)
Bernard Knox
The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy	1661	(4)
Martha C. Nussbaum
Prophesying Tragedy: Sign and Voice in Sophocles' Theban Plays	1665	(2)
Rebecca W. Bushnell
Helping Friends and Harming Enemies: A Study in Sophocles and Greek Ethics	1667	(3)
Mary Whitlock Blundell
Evaluating Drama	1670	(7)
A Streetcar Named Desire	1677	(68)
Tennessee Williams
The Cherry Orchard	1745
Anton Chekhov
Appendices Writing about Literature	A3
Introduction	A3
Representing the Literary Text	A4
Replying to the Text	A7
Explaining the Text	A10
Critical Approaches	A18
Writing About Fiction, Poetry, Drama	A28
Deciding What to Write About	A33
From Topic to Rough Draft	A37
From Rough Draft to Completed Paper	A42
A Summary of the Process	A51
Glossary	A53
Biographical Sketches	A64
Permissions Acknowledgments	A95
Index of Authors	A107
Index of Titles and First Lines	A115