Nursing Diagnosis : Application to Clinical Practice

by Carpenito, Lynda Juall

• ISBN13: 9780781719704
• ISBN10: 0781719704
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-01
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Summary

Revised in its Ninth Edition, this popular text reference continues to set the standard for learning key elements of nursing diagnosis, its role in the nursing process, and applications to clinical practice. Emphasis is on diagnosis, practical application, assessment, intervention and rationale (including summaries), and outcome criteria. Features include the Author's Notes, plus guidelines and keys that focus on assessment data, concepts, differentiating nursing diagnoses, developing care plans, and controversies surrounding diagnosis and critical care pathways. Also includes a special section on "Collaborative Problems" and "Diagnosis Clusters." An overall change in design including the addition of a second color makes the text easier to read and enhances its appearance.

Table of Contents

Section I Nursing Diagnosis in the Nursing Process	1	(94)
Introduction	2	(1)
Development of Nursing Diagnosis	3	(8)
Why Nursing Diagnoses?	3	(1)
Basic Concepts	4	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis: Process or Outcome?	5	(1)
The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association	5	(1)
International Classification of Nursing Practice	6	(1)
Evolving Nursing Diagnoses	7	(1)
Concept Development and Formalization	7	(1)
The Diagnostic Review Process	7	(1)
NANDA Taxonomy	8	(1)
Axes	9	(1)
Summary	9	(2)
Types and Components of Nursing Diagnosis	11	(12)
Actual Nursing Diagnoses	11	(2)
Risk and High-Risk Nursing Diagnoses	13	(1)
Possible Nursing Diagnoses	14	(1)
Wellness Nursing Diagnoses	14	(2)
Wellness and Nursing Diagnosis	16	(1)
Syndrome Nursing Diagnoses	17	(2)
Types of Diagnostic Statements	19	(1)
Writing Diagnostic Statements	20	(1)
Non--NANDA-Approved Diagnoses	20	(1)
Avoiding Errors in Diagnostic Statements	21	(1)
Summary	22	(1)
The Bifocal Clinical Practice Model	23	(10)
Understanding Collaborative Problems	23	(3)
Collaborative Problem Diagnostic Statements	26	(1)
Differentiating Nursing Diagnoses From Collaborative Problems	27	(4)
Case Study Examples	31	(1)
Summary	32	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses: Issues and Controversies	33	(9)
Why Can't We Just Use the Words That We've Always Used?	33	(1)
Other Disciplines Will Not Understand Our Diagnoses	34	(2)
Clients Will Not Understand Our Diagnoses	36	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses Are Not Needed by Nurse Practitioners, Nurse Anesthetists, and Nurse Midwives	36	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses Are Not Culturally Sensitive	37	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis Is Unethical	38	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses Can Violate Confidentiality	39	(1)
Summary	40	(2)
Deriving Nursing Diagnoses: Assessment and Diagnosis	42	(16)
Assessment	42	(12)
Diagnosing	54	(3)
Summary	57	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis and Care Planning	58	(37)
Care Plan Defined	58	(1)
Are Care Plans Necessary?	58	(1)
The Care Planning Process	59	(15)
Care Planning Systems	74	(5)
Case Study Applications of Care Planning	79	(16)
Section II Manual of Nursing Diagnoses	95	(878)
Introduction	96	(3)
Activity Intolerance	99	(20)
Related to Insufficient Knowledge of Adaptive Techniques Needed Secondary to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	106	(4)
Related to Insufficient Knowledge of Adaptive Techniques Needed Secondary to Impaired Cardiac Function	110	(3)
Related to Bed Rest Deconditioning	113	(6)
Adaptive Capacity, Intracranial: Decreased	119	(1)
Adjustment, Impaired	120	(1)
Anxiety	121	(14)
Related to Insufficient Knowledge of Preoperative Routines, Postoperative Exercises/Activities, Postoperative Alterations/Sensations	132	(3)
Anxiety, Death	135	(4)
Body Temperature, Risk for Altered	139	(5)
Hyperthermia	144	(2)
Hypothermia	146	(4)
Thermoregulation, Ineffective	150	(3)
Related to Newborn Transition to Extrauterine Environment	151	(2)
Bowel Incontinence	153	(4)
Effective Breast-feeding	157	(1)
Ineffective Breast-feeding	158	(7)
Interrupted Breast-feeding	165	(1)
Cardiac Output, Decreased	166	(2)
Caregiver Role Strain	168	(8)
Caregiver Role Strain, Risk for	176	(4)
Comfort, Altered	180	(9)
Acute Pain	189	(14)
Chronic Pain	203	(4)
Nausea	207	(4)
Communication, Impaired	211	(15)
Related to Effects of Hearing Loss	220	(2)
Related to Effects of Aphasia on Expression or Interpretation	222	(2)
Related to Foreign Language Barrier	224	(2)
Communication, Impaired Verbal	226	(4)
Confusion	230	(1)
Acute Confusion	231	(9)
Chronic Confusion	240	(6)
Constipation	246	(10)
Related to Effects of Immobility on Peristalsis	254	(2)
Perceived Constipation	256	(3)
Coping, Ineffective Individual	259	(11)
Defensive Coping	270	(3)
Ineffective Denial	273	(9)
Related to Impaired Ability to Accept Consequences of His/Her Behavior as Evidenced by Lack of Acknowledgment of Substance Abuse/Dependency	277	(5)
Coping, Ineffective Family: Disabling	282	(17)
Related to (Specify), as Evidenced by Domestic Abuse	290	(3)
Related to (Specify), as Evidenced by Child Abuse/Neglect	293	(3)
Related to Multiple Stressors Associated with Elder Care: High Risk for	296	(3)
Compromised Family Coping	299	(1)
Coping, Family: Potential for Growth	299	(2)
Coping, Ineffective Community	301	(4)
Coping, Potential for Enhanced Community	305	(7)
Related to Availability of Community Programs to Augment (Specify)	309	(3)
Decisional Conflict	312	(10)
Diarrhea	322	(5)
Disuse Syndrome	327	(10)
Diversional Activity Deficit	337	(7)
Dysreflexia	344	(4)
Dysreflexia, Risk for	348	(1)
Energy Field Disturbance	348	(4)
Environmental Interpretation Syndrome, Impaired	352	(1)
Family Processes, Altered	353	(10)
Related to Impact (Specify) of III Member on Family System	360	(3)
Family Processes, Altered: Alcoholism	363	(8)
Fatigue	371	(8)
Fear	379	(8)
Fluid Volume Deficit	387	(9)
Related to Abnormal Fluid Loss	394	(2)
Fluid Volume Excess	396	(8)
Risk for Fluid Volume Imbalance	404	(1)
Grieving	405	(9)
Grieving, Anticipatory	414	(3)
Grieving, Dysfunctional	417	(5)
Growth and Development, Altered	422	(11)
Development, Risk for Altered	433	(1)
Growth, Risk for Altered	434	(1)
Adult Failure to Thrive	435	(3)
Health Maintenance, Altered	438	(23)
Related to Insufficient Knowledge of Effects of Tobacco Use and Self-Help Resources Available	451	(3)
Related to Increased Food Consumption in Response to Stressors and Insufficient Energy Expenditure for Intake	454	(7)
Health-Seeking Behaviors	461	(7)
Home Maintenance Management, Impaired	468	(6)
Hopelessness	474	(13)
Infant Behavior, Disorganized	487	(10)
Infant Behavior, Risk for Disorganized	497	(1)
Infant Behavior, Potential for Enhanced Organized	497	(4)
Infection, Risk for	501	(10)
Infection Transmission, Risk for	511	(9)
Related to Lack of Knowledge of Reducing the Risk of Transmitting the AIDS Virus	517	(3)
Injury, Risk for	520	(20)
Related to Lack of Awareness of Environmental Hazards	530	(5)
Related to Lack of Awareness of Environmental Hazards Secondary to Maturational Age of Hospitalized Child	535	(3)
Related to Vertigo Secondary to Orthostatic Hypotension	538	(2)
Risk for Aspiration	540	(4)
Risk for Poisoning	544	(1)
Risk for Suffocation	545	(1)
Risk for Trauma	545	(1)
Injury, Risk for Perioperative Positioning	545	(6)
Knowledge Deficit	551	(2)
Latex Allergy Response	553	(3)
Latex Allergy Response, Risk for	556	(1)
Loneliness, Risk for	557	(6)
Management of Therapeutic Regimen, Effective: Individual	563	(3)
Management of Therapeutic Regimen, Ineffective	566	(8)
Management of Therapeutic Regimen, Ineffective: Family	574	(1)
Management of Therapeutic Regimen, Ineffective: Community	575	(6)
Mobility, Impaired Physical	581	(9)
Impaired Bed Mobility	590	(1)
Impaired Walking	591	(1)
Impaired Wheelchair Mobility	592	(1)
Impaired Wheelchair Transfer Ability	593	(1)
Noncompliance	594	(8)
Nutrition, Altered: Less Than Body Requirements	602	(17)
Related to Anorexia Secondary to (Specify)	614	(3)
Related to Difficulty or Inability to Procure Food	617	(2)
Altered Dentition	619	(1)
Impaired Swallowing	620	(6)
Ineffective Infant Feeding Pattern	626	(5)
Nutrition, Altered: More Than Body Requirements	631	(4)
Nutrition, Altered: Potential for More Than Body Requirements	635	(1)
Parenting, Altered	636	(6)
Parent--Infant Attachment, Risk for Altered	642	(5)
Parental Role Conflict	647	(10)
Related to Effects of Illness and/or Hospitalization of a Child	652	(5)
Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction, Risk for	657	(6)
Post-Trauma Response	663	(6)
Post-Trauma Response, Risk for	669	(1)
Rape Trauma Syndrome	670	(10)
Powerlessness	680	(8)
Protection, Altered	688	(1)
Tissue Integrity, Impaired	689	(9)
Skin Integrity, Impaired	698	(7)
Related to the Effects of Pressure, Friction, Shear, Maceration	703	(2)
Oral Mucous Membrane, Altered	705	(10)
Related to Inadequate Oral Hygiene or Inability to Perform Oral Hygiene: Risk for	710	(5)
Relocation Stress [Syndrome]	715	(15)
Related to Changes Associated with Health Care Facility Transfers or Admission to Long-Term Care Facility	723	(7)
Respiratory Function, Risk for Altered	730	(12)
Related to Environmental Allergens	738	(4)
Dysfunctional Ventilatory Weaning Response	742	(7)
Dysfunctional Ventilatory Weaning Response, Risk for	749	(3)
Ineffective Airway Clearance	752	(3)
Ineffective Breathing Patterns	755	(2)
Impaired Gas Exchange	757	(1)
Inability to Sustain Spontaneous Ventilation	758	(1)
Role Performance, Altered	759	(2)
Self-Care Deficit Syndrome	761	(6)
Feeding Self-Care Deficit	767	(3)
Bathing/Hygiene Self-Care Deficit	770	(2)
Dressing/Grooming Self-Care Deficit	772	(3)
Toileting Self-Care Deficit	775	(2)
Instrumental Self-Care Deficit	777	(4)
Self-Concept Disturbance	781	(10)
Body Image Disturbance	791	(6)
Personal Identity Disturbance	797	(1)
Self-Esteem Disturbance	797	(2)
Chronic Low Self-Esteem	799	(3)
Situational Low Self-Esteem	802	(5)
Risk for Self-Harm	807	(14)
Risk for Self-Abuse	821	(1)
Risk for Self-Mutilation	821	(1)
Risk for Suicide	822	(8)
Sensory-Perceptual Alterations	830	(7)
Sexuality Patterns, Altered	837	(19)
Related to Prenatal and Postpartum Changes	850	(5)
Related to Fear of Pregnancy and/or Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Risk for	855	(1)
Sexual Dysfunction	856	(2)
Sleep Pattern Disturbance	858	(8)
Sleep Deprivation	866	(1)
Social Interactions, Impaired	867	(9)
Social Isolation	876	(2)
Sorrow, Chronic	878	(3)
Spiritual Distress	881	(18)
Related to Conflict Between Religious or Spiritual Beliefs and Prescribed Health Regimen	895	(1)
Related to (Specify), as Evidenced by Inability to Practice Spiritual Rituals	896	(3)
Spiritual Well-Being, Potenial for Enhanced	899	(2)
Surgical Recovery, Delayed	901	(1)
Thought Processes, Altered	902	(12)
Memory, Impaired	914	(5)
Tissue Perfusion, Altered (Specify) (Renal, cerebral, cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal)	919	(1)
Tissue Perfusion, Altered Peripheral	920	(7)
Unilateral Neglect	927	(6)
Urinary Elimination, Altered Patterns of	933	(7)
Maturational Enuresis	940	(3)
Functional Incontinence	943	(5)
Reflex Incontinence	948	(2)
Stress Incontinence	950	(3)
Total Incontinence	953	(3)
Urge Incontinence	956	(3)
Urinary Retention	959	(4)
Violence, Risk for	963	(10)
Section III Manual of Collaborative Problems	973	(132)
Introduction	974	(1)
Potential Complication: Cardiac/Vascular	975	(15)
PC: Decreased Cardiac Output	978	(1)
PC: Dysrhythmias	979	(1)
PC: Pulmonary Edema	980	(2)
PC: Deep Vein Thrombosis	982	(1)
PC: Hypovolemia	983	(2)
PC: Compartmental Syndrome	985	(1)
PC: Pulmonary Embolism	986	(4)
Potential Complication: Respiratory	990	(10)
PC: Hypoxemia	993	(2)
PC: Atelectasis, Pneumonia	995	(1)
PC: Tracheobronchial Constriction	996	(2)
PC: Pneumothorax	998	(2)
Potential Complication: Metabolic/Immune/Hematopoietic	1000	(28)
PC: Hypo/Hyperglycemia	1003	(3)
PC: Negative Nitrogen Balance	1006	(1)
PC: Electrolyte Imbalances	1007	(7)
PC: Sepsis	1014	(2)
PC: Acidosis (Metabolic, Respiratory)	1016	(2)
PC: Alkalosis (Metabolic, Respiratory)	1018	(2)
PC: Allergic Reaction	1020	(2)
PC: Thrombocytopenia	1022	(2)
PC: Opportunistic Infections	1024	(1)
PC: Sickling Crisis	1025	(3)
Potential Complication: Renal/Urinary	1028	(10)
PC: Acute Urinary Retention	1030	(2)
PC: Renal Insufficiency	1032	(4)
PC: Renal Calculi	1036	(2)
Potential Complication: Neurologic/Sensory	1038	(15)
PC: Increased Intracranial Pressure	1042	(2)
PC: Seizures	1044	(2)
PC: Increased Intraocular Pressure	1046	(1)
PC: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	1047	(3)
PC: Alcohol Withdrawal	1050	(3)
Potential Complication: Gastrointestinal/Hepatic/Biliary	1053	(10)
PC: Paralytic Ileus	1055	(1)
PC: Gl Bleeding	1056	(2)
PC: Hepatic Dysfunction	1058	(2)
PC: Hyperbilirubinemia	1060	(3)
Potential Complication: Muscular/Skeletal	1063	(5)
PC: Pathologic Fractures	1065	(1)
PC: Joint Dislocation	1066	(2)
Potential Complication: Reproductive	1068	(11)
PC: Prenatal Bleeding	1070	(1)
PC: Preterm Labor	1071	(2)
PC: Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension	1073	(2)
PC: Fetal Distress	1075	(2)
PC: Postpartum Hemorrhage	1077	(2)
Potential Complication: Medication Therapy Adverse Effects	1079	(26)
PC: Anticoagulant Therapy Adverse Effects	1080	(3)
PC: Antianxiety Therapy Adverse Effects	1083	(1)
PC: Adrenocorticosteroid Therapy Adverse Effects	1084	(3)
PC: Antineoplastic Therapy Adverse Effects	1087	(3)
PC: Anticonvulsant Therapy Adverse Effects	1090	(2)
PC: Antidepressant Therapy Adverse Effects	1092	(2)
PC: Antiarrhythmic Therapy Adverse Effects	1094	(2)
PC: Antipsychotic Therapy Adverse Effects	1096	(2)
PC: Antihypertensive Therapy Adverse Effects	1098	(1)
PC: β-Adrenergic Blocker Therapy Adverse Effects	1099	(2)
PC: Calcium Channel Blocker Therapy Adverse Effects	1101	(2)
PC: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Therapy Adverse Effects	1103	(2)
Appendixes	1105	(85)
I Adult Assessment Guide	1107	(5)
II Adult Psychiatric Assessment Guide	1112	(11)
III Pediatric Assessment	1123	(6)
IV Older Adult Assessment Guide	1129	(3)
V Maternal Assessment Guide	1132	(5)
VI Noninvasive Pain Relief Techniques	1137	(3)
VII Guidelines for Problem-Solving and Crisis Intervention	1140	(2)
VIII North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Guidelines for Nursing Diagnosis Submission	1142	(6)
IX Guidelines for Play Therapy	1148	(2)
X Stress Management Techniques	1150	(3)
XI Conditions That Necessitate Nursing Care	1153	(6)
XII Self-Reporting Oncology Nursing Assessment	1159	(6)
XIII Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) Taxonomy and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) Outcomes and Measurement Scales	1165	(25)
Index	1190