9780495106777

Nutrition for Health and Health Care (with Dietary Guidelines for Americans)

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  • ISBN13:

    9780495106777

  • ISBN10:

    0495106771

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-06-29
  • Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Summary

This introductory normal and clinical nutrition text designed to meet the needs of the nursing curriculum takes an organ systems/disease states approach to clinical nutrition and presents nutrition at a basic, applied level, with little detailed physiology or biochemistry.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
PART ONE: NUTRITION FOR HEALTH
Perspectives on Health and Nutrition
1(30)
Food Choices
2(6)
The Nutrients
8(2)
Nutrition Standards and Guidelines
10(11)
Dietary Reference Intakes
10(3)
Dietary Guidelines
13(1)
Fitness Guidelines
13(1)
Diet-Planning Principles
14(3)
Food Group Plans
17(3)
Nutrition Surveys
20(1)
Food Labels
21(10)
Nutrition in Practice: Finding the Truth about Nutrition
28(3)
Carbohydrates
31(21)
The Chemist's View of Carbohydrates
32(4)
Monosaccharides (Single Sugars)
32(1)
Disaccharides (Double Sugars)
33(1)
Starch and Glycogen (Energy-Yielding Polysaccharides)
34(1)
The Fibers
35(1)
Health Effects of Sugars and Alternative Sweeteners
36(5)
Sugars
36(3)
Alternative Sweeteners: Sugar Alcohols
39(1)
Alternative Sweeteners: Artificial Sweeteners
39(2)
Health Effects of Complex Carbohydrates
41(6)
Fibers
42(3)
Carbohydrates: Food Sources and Recommendations
45(2)
Energy Nutrients in Perspective
47(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Nutrition and Dental Health
50(2)
Lipids
52(22)
The Chemist's View of Lipids
54(4)
Triglycerides
54(1)
Fatty Acids
54(3)
Phospholipids
57(1)
Sterols
57(1)
Fats and Health
58(4)
Fats and Fatty Acids
58(2)
Fat Substitutes
60(2)
Fats in Foods
62(12)
Finding the Fats in Foods
62(2)
Cutting Fat Intake and Choosing Unsaturated Fats
64(7)
Nutrition in Practice: Vegetarian Diets
71(3)
Proteins and Amino Acids
74(21)
The Chemist's View of Proteins
75(2)
The Structure of Proteins
75(1)
Essential Amino Acids
76(1)
Proteins in the Body
77(5)
Protein and Health
82(13)
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
82(2)
Protein Excess
84(2)
Protein in Foods
86(4)
Nutrition in Practice: Supplements and Ergogenic Aids Athletes Use
90(5)
Digestion and Absorption
95(23)
Anatomy of the Digestive Tract
96(6)
The Digestive Organs
96(1)
The Involuntary Muscles and the Glands
97(5)
The Process of Digestion
102(3)
Digestion in the Mouth
102(1)
Digestion in the Stomach
103(1)
Digestion in the Small and Large Intestines
103(2)
The Absorptive System
105(2)
The Small Intestine
105(2)
Release of Absorbed Nutrients
107(1)
Transport of Nutrients
107(4)
The Vascular System
108(1)
The Lymphatic System
109(1)
Transport of Lipids: Lipoproteins
109(2)
The System at Its Best
111(7)
Nutrition in Practice: Food Safety
113(5)
Metabolism and Energy Balance
118(19)
The Organs and Their Metabolic Roles
119(2)
The Principal Organs
119(1)
Energy for Metabolic Work
120(1)
The Body's Energy Metabolism
121(2)
Building Up Body Compounds
121(1)
Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
121(2)
The Body's Energy Budget
123(14)
The Economics of Feasting
123(2)
The Economics of Fasting
125(2)
Energy Balance
127(6)
Nutrition in Practice: Inborn Errors of Metabolism
133(4)
Overweight, Underweight, and Weight Control
137(29)
Body Weight and Body Composition
138(4)
Defining Healthy Body Weight
138(2)
Body Composition
140(1)
How Much Is Too Much Body Fat?
141(1)
Causes of Obesity
142(2)
Risks of Overweight and Obesity
144(2)
Aggressive Treatments of Obesity
146(2)
Obesity Drugs
146(1)
Very-Low-kCalorie Diets
147(1)
Surgery
148(1)
Reasonable Strategies for Weight Loss
148(7)
Diet
149(2)
Physical Activity
151(2)
Behavior and Attitude
153(2)
Underweight
155(11)
Health Risks of Underweight
155(1)
Strategies for Weight Gain
155(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Eating Disorder
160(6)
The Vitamins
166(33)
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins
167(10)
Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene
168(5)
Vitamin D
173(2)
Vitamin E
175(1)
Vitamin K
176(1)
The Water-Soluble Vitamins
177(22)
The B Vitamins
178(3)
Thiamin
181(1)
Riboflavin
181(1)
Niacin
182(1)
Pantothenic Acid and Biotin
182(1)
Vitamin B6
183(1)
Folate
184(1)
Vitamin B12
184(2)
Non-B Vitamins
186(1)
Vitamin C
187(9)
Nutrition in Practice: Vitamin Supplements
196(3)
Water and the Minerals
199(30)
Water and Body Fluids
200(3)
Water Balance
200(1)
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
201(1)
Acid-Base Balance
202(1)
The Major Minerals
203(8)
Sodium
203(1)
Chloride
204(1)
Potassium
205(1)
Calcium
205(4)
Phosphorus
209(1)
Magnesium
210(1)
Sulfur
210(1)
The Trace Minerals
211(18)
Iron
211(5)
Zinc
216(2)
Selenium
218(1)
Iodine
218(1)
Copper
219(1)
Manganese
219(1)
Fluoride
220(1)
Chromium
221(1)
Other Trace Minerals
221(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Replacing Fluid Losses: Sports Drinks and Rehydration Formulation
226(3)
Nutrition through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Infancy
229(32)
Pregnancy: The Impact of Nutrition on the Future
230(11)
Preparing for Pregnancy
230(1)
Nutrient Needs during Pregnancy
230(6)
Weight Gain
236(1)
Physical Activity
237(1)
Problems in Pregnancy
237(2)
Practices to Avoid
239(2)
Adolescent Pregnancy
241(1)
Breastfeeding
241(3)
Nutrient Needs during Lactation
242(1)
Contraindications to Breastfeeding
243(1)
Nutrition of the Infant
244(17)
Nutrient Needs during Infancy
244(2)
Breast Milk
246(1)
Infant Formula
247(2)
The Transition to Cow's Milk
249(1)
Introducing First Foods
249(3)
Looking Ahead
252(1)
Mealtimes
253(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Encouraging Successful Breastfeeding
258(3)
Nutrition through the Life Span: Childhood and Adolescence
261(28)
Early and Middle Childhood
262(9)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
262(2)
Malnutrition in Children
264(2)
Lead Poisoning in Children
266(3)
Food Allergies
269(1)
Hyperactivity
270(1)
Food Choices and Eating Habits of Children
271(4)
Mealtimes at Home
272(1)
Nutrition at School
273(2)
The Teen Years
275(14)
Growth and Development during Adolescence
276(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs
276(1)
Food Choices and Health Habits
277(1)
Problems Adolescents Face
278(6)
Nutrition in Practice: Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases
284(5)
Nutrition through the Life Span: Later Adulthood
289(23)
Nutrition and Longevity
290(4)
Slowing the Aging Process
290(2)
Nutrition and Disease Prevention
292(2)
Nutrition-Related Concerns during Late Adulthood
294(3)
Cataracts
294(1)
Arthritis
294(1)
The Aging Brain
295(2)
Energy and Nutrient Needs during Late Adulthood
297(6)
Energy and Energy Nutrients
298(1)
Water
299(1)
Vitamins and Minerals
299(2)
Nutrient Supplements for Older Adults
301(1)
The Effects of Medications on Nutrients
302(1)
Food Choices and Eating Habits of Older Adults
303(9)
Nutrition in Practice: Food for Singles
309(3)
PART TWO: NUTRITION FOR HEALTH CARE
Nutrition and Nursing Assessments
312(29)
Nutrition in Health Care
313(10)
Responsibility for Nutrition Care
313(1)
Illness and Nutrition Status
314(2)
Diet-Medication Interactions
316(6)
Identifying Risk for Malnutrition
322(1)
Health History
323(4)
Health Problems and Treatments
323(2)
Methods for Gathering Food Intake Data
325(2)
Physical Examinations
327(14)
Measures of Growth and Development
327(4)
Physical Signs of Malnutrition
331(1)
Biochemical Analysis
332(3)
Follow-Up Care
335(3)
Nutrition in Practice: Nutrition and Mental Health
338(3)
Nutrition Intervention
341(15)
Care Plans
342(14)
Nutrition-Related Nursing Diagnoses
342(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning
343(2)
Special Diets
345(1)
Standard and Modified Diets
345(1)
Routine Progressive Diets
346(4)
Medical Records
350(1)
Types of Medical Records
350(1)
The Medical Record and Nutrition Care
350(3)
Nutrition in Practice: Community Nutrition
353(3)
Nutrition and Upper GI Tract Disorders
356(23)
Disorders of the Mouth and Esophagus
357(3)
Difficulties Chewing
357(2)
Difficulties Swallowing
359(1)
Disorders of the Stomach
360(19)
Indigestion and Reflux Esophagitis
360(3)
Nausea and Vomiting
363(1)
Gastritis
364(1)
Ulcers
365(1)
Gastric Surgery
365(9)
Nutrition in Practice: Helping People with Feeding Disabilities
374(5)
Nutrition and Lower GI Tract Disorders
379(27)
Common Problems of the Lower Intestine
380(5)
Constipation
380(1)
Diarrhea and Dehydration
381(2)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
383(1)
Lactose Intolerance
383(2)
Fat Malabsorption
385(9)
Medical Nutrition Therapy
386(2)
Pancreatitis
388(1)
Cystic Fibrosis
389(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
390(1)
Bacterial Overgrowth
391(1)
Short-Bowel Syndrome
392(1)
Celiac Disease
393(1)
Disorders of the Large Intestine
394(12)
Diverticular Disease of the Colon
394(2)
Colostomies and Ileostomies
396(6)
Nutrition in Practice: Food and Foodservice in the Hospital
402(4)
Enteral Formulas
406(23)
Enteral Formulas: What Are They?
407(2)
Types of Formulas
407(1)
Distinguishing Characteristics
408(1)
Enteral Formulas: Who Needs What?
409(5)
Oral Feedings
409(1)
Tube Feedings
409(5)
Tube Feedings: How Are They Given?
414(7)
Safe Handling
414(1)
Initiating and Progressing a Tube Feeding
415(2)
Delivering Medications through Feeding Tubes
417(1)
Addressing Tube Feeding Complications
418(3)
From Tube Feedings to Table Foods
421(8)
Nutrition in Practice: Nutrition and Cost-Conscious Health Care
424(5)
Parenteral Nutrition
429(19)
Intravenous Solutions: What Are They?
430(4)
Intravenous Nutrients
430(2)
Intravenous Solutions
432(2)
Intravenous Nutrition: Who Needs What?
434(1)
Intravenous Solutions: How Are They Given?
435(3)
Insertion and Care of IV Catheters
435(1)
Administration of Complete Nutrient Solutions
436(2)
From Parenteral to Enteral Feedings
438(2)
Specialized Nutrition Support at Home
440(8)
The Basics of Home Programs
440(1)
How Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Programs Work
441(3)
Nutrition in Practice: Ethical Issues in Nutrition Care
444(4)
Nutrition in Severe Stress
448(16)
The Body's Responses to Stress
449(3)
Nutrition Support following Acute Stress
452(12)
Nutrient Needs
453(3)
Delivery of Nutrients following Stress
456(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Intestinal Immunity and Stress
461(3)
Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus
464(31)
What Is Diabetes Mellitus?
465(5)
Types of Diabetes
465(2)
Acute Complications of Diabetes
467(2)
Chronic Complications of Diabetes
469(1)
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
470(14)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes
471(2)
Meal-Planning Strategies
473(7)
Physical Activity
480(2)
Drug Therapy for Diabetes
482(2)
Monitoring Diabetes Management
484(11)
Diabetes Management throughout Life
484(1)
Diabetes Management in Childhood
485(1)
Diabetes Management in Pregnancy
486(2)
Diabetes Management in Later Life
488(4)
Nutrition in Practice: Mastering Diabetes Control
492(3)
Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart, Blood Vessels, and Lungs
495(24)
Atherosclerosis and Hypertension
496(4)
Atherosclerosis
496(2)
Hypertension
498(1)
Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
499(1)
Prevention and Treatment of CHD
500(8)
Medical Nutrition Therapy
502(4)
Drug Therapy
506(2)
Heart Failure and Strokes
508(3)
Heart Attacks
508(1)
Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
509(1)
Strokes
510(1)
Disorders of the Lungs
511(8)
Acute Respiratory Failure
511(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
512(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Free Radicals, Antioxidants, and CHD
517(2)
Nutrition and Renal Diseases
519(23)
Kidney Stones
521(2)
Consequences of Kidney Stones
521(1)
Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones
522(1)
The Nephrotic Syndrome
523(2)
Consequences of the Nephrotic Syndrome
523(1)
Treatment of the Nephrotic Syndrome
524(1)
Acute Renal Failure
525(3)
Consequences of Acute Renal Failure
526(1)
Treatment of Acute Renal Failure
527(1)
Chronic Renal Failure
528(14)
Consequences of Chronic Renal Failure
529(1)
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure
530(4)
Kidney Transplants
534(5)
Nutrition in Practice: Dialysis and Nutrition
539(3)
Nutrition and Liver Disorders
542(20)
Fatty Liver and Hepatitis
543(1)
Fatty Liver
543(1)
Hepatitis
544(1)
Cirrhosis
544(9)
Consequences of Cirrhosis
545(3)
Treatment of Cirrhosis
548(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy
549(4)
Liver Transplants
553(9)
Nutrition in Practice: Nutrition and Alcohol Abuse
558(4)
Nutrition, Cancer, and HIV Infection
562
Cancer
563
How Cancers Develop
563
Consequences of Cancer
566
Treatments for Cancer
568
Medical Nutrition Therapy
570
HIV Infection
575
Consequences of HIV Infection
575
Treatments for HIV Infection
578
Medical Nutrition Therapy
580
Nutrition in Practice: Alternative Therapies
585
APPENDIX A Table of Food Composition
APPENDIX B Canada: Recommendations, Choice System, and Labels
RNI
Choice System for Meal Planning
Food Labels
Canada's Food Guide
APPENDIX C United States: Recommendations and Exchanges
RDA
Exchange Lists for Meal Planning
Diet and Health Recommendations
Nutrition Recommendations from WHO
APPENDIX D Nutrition Resources
APPENDIX E Nutrition Assessment: Supplemental Information
Drug History: Nutrition Interactions
Growth Charts and Measures of Body Composition
Laboratory Tests of Nutrition Status
APPENDIX F Aids to Calculation
Conversion Factors
Percentages
Ratios
Weights and Measures
APPENDIX G Enteral Formulas
APPENDIX H Answers to Self Check Questions
Glossary
Index

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