Nutrition for Health and Health Care (with InfoTrac 1-Semester Printed Access Card)

by Whitney, Ellie; DeBruyne, Linda Kelly; Pinna, Kathryn; Rolfes, Sharon Rady

• ISBN13: 9780495125150
• ISBN10: 0495125156
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-25
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

NUTRITION FOR HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE, Third Edition is designed for the clinical nutrition and/or diet therapy nutrition course, taught at both two- and four-year colleges and universities, in departments of Nursing, Nutrition, and Dietetics. It covers both the basic "normal" nutrition concepts, including metabolism, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and life cycle, followed by chapters on "clinical" topics organized by organ systems, linking nutrition to different disease states, such as diabetes, renal disease, and liver disorders. The text is full of supportive pedagogy, from review sections to case studies and quantitative activities. There are also new review questions to help students prepare for the NCLEX exam. Plus, beyond the text, there are a number of supplementary materials, including the Instructor Resource CD-ROM with PowerPoint lecture slides and text images, Diet Analysis+ 8.0, and Web support for online teaching.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
Overview of Nutrition and Health	1	(37)
Food Choices	2	(4)
The Nutrients	6	(2)
Nutrient Recommendations	8	(4)
Dietary Reference Intakes	8	(2)
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)	10	(1)
Nutrition Surveys	10	(2)
Dietary Guidelines and Food Guides	12	(12)
Dietary Ideals	13	(1)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans	14	(1)
Fitness Guidelines	14	(2)
The USDA Food Guide	16	(7)
MyPyramid	23	(1)
Food Labels	24	(6)
Food Safety	30	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Finding the Truth About Nutrition	35	(3)
Digestion and Absorption	38	(22)
Anatomy of the Digestive Tract	39	(6)
The Digestive Organs	39	(3)
The Involuntary Muscles and the Glands	42	(3)
The Process of Digestion	45	(3)
Digestion in the Mouth	46	(1)
Digestion in the Stomach	46	(1)
Digestion in the Small and Large Intestines	46	(2)
The Absorptive System	48	(2)
The Small Intestine	48	(1)
Absorption of Nutrients	48	(2)
Transport of Nutrients	50	(2)
The Vascular System	50	(1)
The Lymphatic System	50	(1)
Transport of Lipids: Lipoproteins	51	(1)
The System at Its Best	52	(4)
Nutrition in Practice Hunger and Community Nutrition	56	(4)
Carbohydrates	60	(24)
The Chemist's View of Carbohydrates	61	(3)
Monosaccharides	61	(1)
Disaccharides	62	(1)
Polysaccharides	63	(1)
Health Effects of Sugars and Alternative Sweeteners	64	(9)
Sugars	65	(4)
Alternative Sweeteners: Sugar Alcohols	69	(1)
Alternative Sweeteners: Artificial Sweeteners	70	(3)
Health Effects of Starch and Dietary Fibers	73	(9)
Carbohydrates: Disease Prevention and Recommendations	73	(3)
Carbohydrates: Food Sources	76	(2)
Carbohydrates: Food Labels and Health Claims	78	(4)
Nutrition in Practice Nutrition and Dental Health	82	(2)
Lipids	84	(26)
Roles of Body Fat	85	(1)
The Chemist's View of Lipids	86	(5)
Triglycerides	86	(1)
Fatty Acids	86	(3)
Phospholipids	89	(1)
Sterols	90	(1)
Health Effects and Recommended Intakes of Fats	91	(4)
Fats and Heart Health	91	(3)
Recommendations	94	(1)
Fats in Foods	95	(9)
Finding the Fats in Foods	95	(2)
Cutting Fat Intake and Choosing Unsaturated Fats	97	(7)
Nutrition in Practice Figuring Out Fats	104	(6)
Proteins and Amino Acids	110	(20)
The Chemist's View of Proteins	111	(2)
The Structure of Proteins	111	(1)
Essential Amino Acids	112	(1)
Proteins in the Body	113	(4)
Protein and Health	117	(5)
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	117	(2)
Protein Excess	119	(1)
Amino Acid Supplements	120	(1)
Protein Recommendations and Nitrogen Balance	121	(1)
Protein in Foods	122	(4)
Protein Quality	122	(1)
Protein Sparing	123	(3)
Nutrition in Practice Vegetarian Diets	126	(4)
Energy Balance and Body Composition	130	(26)
The Body's Energy Budget	131	(3)
The Economics of Feasting	131	(1)
The Economics of Fasting	132	(2)
Energy Balance	134	(5)
Energy In	134	(1)
Energy Out	135	(1)
Estimating Energy Requirements	136	(3)
Body Weight and Body Composition	139	(4)
Defining Healthy Body Weight	139	(2)
Body Composition	141	(2)
How Much Body Fat Is Too Much?	143	(1)
Risks of Overweight and Obesity	143	(6)
Nutrition in Practice Fad Diets	149	(7)
Weight Management: Overweight and Underweight	156	(30)
Causes of Obesity	157	(4)
Obesity Treatment: Who Should Lose?	161	(1)
Inappropriate Obesity Treatments	162	(2)
Over-the-Counter Weight-Loss Supplements and Drugs	162	(1)
Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements	162	(2)
Other Gimmicks	164	(1)
Aggressive Treatments of Obesity	164	(1)
Obesity Drugs	164	(1)
Surgery	165	(1)
Reasonable Strategies for Weight Loss	165	(7)
A Healthful Eating Plan	166	(3)
Physical Activity	169	(1)
Behavior and Attitude	170	(2)
Underweight	172	(2)
Strategies for Weight Gain	174	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Eating Disorders	179	(7)
The Vitamins	186	(37)
The Vitamins---An Overview	187	(1)
The Fat-Soluble Vitamins	188	(11)
Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene	188	(5)
Vitamin D	193	(2)
Vitamin E	195	(2)
Vitamin K	197	(2)
The Water-Soluble Vitamins	199	(17)
The B Vitamins	199	(2)
Thiamin	201	(1)
Riboflavin	201	(1)
Niacin	202	(1)
Pantothenic Acid and Biotin	202	(1)
Vitamin B6	203	(1)
Folate	204	(2)
Vitamin B12	206	(1)
Non-B Vitamins	207	(1)
Vitamin C	207	(9)
Nutrition in Practice Phytochemicals and Functional Foods	216	(7)
Water and the Minerals	223	(33)
Water and Body Fluids	224	(3)
Water Balance	224	(2)
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	226	(1)
Acid-Base Balance	227	(1)
The Major Minerals	227	(10)
Sodium	228	(2)
Chloride	230	(1)
Potassium	230	(1)
Calcium	231	(4)
Phosphorus	235	(1)
Magnesium	236	(1)
Sulfate	236	(1)
The Trace Minerals	237	(15)
Iron	237	(5)
Zinc	242	(3)
Selenium	245	(1)
Iodine	245	(1)
Copper	246	(1)
Manganese	246	(1)
Fluoride	247	(1)
Chromium	247	(1)
Other Trace Minerals	248	(4)
Nutrition in Practice Vitamin and Mineral Supplements	252	(4)
Nutrition through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Infancy	256	(41)
Pregnancy: The Impact of Nutrition on the Future	257	(18)
Nutrition Prior to Pregnancy	257	(1)
Prepregnancy Weight	257	(1)
Healthy Support Tissues	258	(1)
The Events of Pregnancy	259	(2)
Nutrient Needs during Pregnancy	261	(6)
Food Assistance Programs	267	(1)
Weight Gain	267	(1)
Physical Activity	268	(1)
Common Nutrition-Related Concerns of Pregnancy	269	(2)
Problems in Pregnancy	271	(1)
Practices to Avoid	272	(3)
Adolescent Pregnancy	275	(1)
Breastfeeding	275	(3)
Nutrition during Lactation	276	(1)
Contraindications to Breastfeeding	277	(1)
Nutrition of the Infant	278	(16)
Nutrient Needs during Infancy	279	(1)
Breast Milk	280	(3)
Infant Formula	283	(1)
The Transition to Cow's Milk	284	(1)
Introducing First Foods	285	(2)
Looking Ahead	287	(1)
Mealtimes	288	(6)
Nutrition in Practice Encouraging Successful Breastfeeding	294	(3)
Nutrition through the Life Span: Childhood and Adolescence	297	(31)
Early and Middle Childhood	298	(10)
Energy and Nutrient Needs	298	(3)
Malnutrition in Children	301	(2)
Lead Poisoning in Children	303	(1)
Food Allergies	304	(3)
Hyperactivity	307	(1)
Food Choices and Eating Habits of Children	308	(5)
Mealtimes at Home	308	(3)
Nutrition at School	311	(2)
The Teen Years	313	(10)
Growth and Development during Adolescence	313	(1)
Energy and Nutrient Needs	313	(2)
Food Choices and Health Habits	315	(1)
Problems Adolescents Face	316	(7)
Nutrition in Practice Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases	323	(5)
Nutrition through the Life Span: Later Adulthood	328	(25)
Nutrition and Longevity	329	(3)
Slowing the Aging Process	330	(2)
Nutrition and Disease Prevention	332	(1)
Nutrition-Related Concerns during Late Adulthood	332	(4)
Cataracts and Macular Degeneration	332	(1)
Arthritis	333	(1)
The Aging Brain	334	(2)
Energy and Nutrient Needs during Late Adulthood	336	(5)
Energy and Energy Nutrients	336	(2)
Water	338	(1)
Vitamins and Minerals	338	(1)
Nutrient Supplements for Older Adults	339	(1)
The Effects of Drugs on Nutrients	339	(2)
Food Choices and Eating Habits of Older Adults	341	(8)
Nutrition in Practice Disease Prevention	349	(4)
Nutrition Care and Assessment	353	(24)
Nutrition in Health Care	354	(4)
How Illness Affects Nutrition Status	354	(1)
Responsibility for Nutrition Care	355	(1)
Identifying Risk for Malnutrition	356	(1)
The Nutrition Care Process	357	(1)
Nutrition Assessment	358	(15)
Historical Information	359	(1)
Dietary Assessment Methods	359	(3)
Anthropometric Data	362	(4)
Biochemical Analyses	366	(2)
Physical Examinations	368	(1)
Integrating Assessment Data	369	(4)
Nutrition in Practice Nutritional Genomics	373	(4)
Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions	377	(21)
Implementing Nutrition Care	378	(3)
Care Planning	378	(1)
Approaches to Nutrition Care	378	(3)
Modified Diets	381	(5)
The Diet Order	381	(1)
Dietary Modifications	381	(3)
Alternative Feeding Routes	384	(1)
Improving Food Intake	385	(1)
Diet-Drug Interactions	386	(9)
Drug Effects on Food Intake	387	(1)
Drug Effects on Nutrient Absorption	388	(1)
Dietary Effects on Drug Absorption	389	(1)
Drug Effects on Nutrient Metabolism	389	(1)
Dietary Effects on Drug Metabolism	390	(1)
Drug Effects on Nutrient Excretion	391	(1)
Dietary Effects on Drug Excretion	391	(1)
Diet-Drug Interactions and Toxicity	391	(4)
Nutrition in Practice Food and Foodservice	395	(3)
Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support	398	(29)
Enteral Nutrition Support	399	(12)
Enteral Formulas	399	(2)
Enteral Nutrition in Medical Care	401	(3)
Administration of Tube Feedings	404	(5)
Delivering Medications through Feeding Tubes	409	(1)
Complications of Tube Feeding	409	(2)
Parenteral Nutrition Support	411	(7)
Indications for Parenteral Support	411	(1)
Venous Access	412	(1)
Parenteral Solutions	412	(2)
Administering Parenteral Nutrition	414	(2)
Managing Metabolic Complications	416	(2)
Nutrition Support at Home	418	(6)
Candidates for Home Nutrition Support	418	(1)
Planning Home Nutrition Care	418	(1)
Quality of Life Issues	419	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Ethical Issues in Nutrition Care	424	(3)
Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress	427	(19)
The Body's Responses to Stress and Injury	428	(3)
Hormonal Responses to Stress	428	(1)
The Inflammatory Response	429	(2)
Nutrition Treatment of Acute Stress	431	(4)
Determining Nutritional Requirements	431	(3)
Approaches to Nutrition Care	434	(1)
Nutrition and Respiratory Stress	435	(8)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	435	(3)
Respiratory Failure	438	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Multiple Organ Failure	443	(3)
Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders	446	(23)
Conditions Affecting the Mouth and Esophagus	447	(6)
Dry Mouth	447	(1)
Dysphagia	447	(3)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	450	(3)
Conditions Affecting the Stomach	453	(4)
Dyspepsia	453	(1)
Nausea and Vomiting	454	(1)
Gastritis	455	(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	455	(2)
Gastric Surgery	457	(8)
Gastrectomy	457	(3)
Bariatric Surgery	460	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Inborn Errors of Metabolism	465	(4)
Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders	469	(26)
Common Problems of the Lower Intestine	470	(6)
Constipation	470	(1)
Intestinal Gas	471	(1)
Diarrhea	472	(1)
Bacterial Overgrowth	472	(1)
Steatorrhea	473	(3)
Malabsorption Syndromes	476	(9)
Lactose Intolerance	476	(1)
Pancreatitis	477	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	478	(1)
Celiac Disease	478	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	479	(3)
Short-Bowel Syndrome	482	(3)
Disorders of the Large Intestine	485	(7)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	485	(1)
Diverticular Disease of the Colon	486	(1)
Ostomies	487	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Mental Health and Nutrition Status	492	(3)
Nutrition and Liver Diseases	495	(18)
Fatty Liver and Hepatitis	496	(2)
Fatty Liver	496	(1)
Hepatitis	497	(1)
Cirrhosis	498	(7)
Consequences of Cirrhosis	499	(2)
Treatment of Cirrhosis	501	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cirrhosis	502	(3)
Liver Transplantation	505	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Alcohol in Health and Disease	510	(3)
Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus	513	(25)
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus	514	(4)
Symptoms of Diabetes	514	(1)
Diagnosis of Diabetes	514	(1)
Types of Diabetes	515	(1)
Acute Complications of Diabetes	516	(1)
Chronic Complications of Diabetes	517	(1)
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	518	(11)
Treatment Goals	518	(1)
Evaluating Diabetes Treatment	519	(1)
Body Weight Concerns	520	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy: Nutrient Recommendations	520	(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy: Meal-Planning Strategies	522	(3)
Insulin Therapy	525	(2)
Oral Antidiabetic Agents	527	(1)
Physical Activity and Diabetes Management	527	(2)
Sick-Day Management	529	(1)
Diabetes Management in Pregnancy	529	(6)
Pregnancy in Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes	530	(1)
Gestational Diabetes	530	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Metabolic Syndrome	535	(3)
Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels	538	(27)
Atherosclerosis	539	(2)
Consequences of Atherosclerosis	540	(1)
Causes of Atherosclerosis	540	(1)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)	541	(9)
Evaluating Risk for Coronary Heart Disease	541	(3)
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes for Lowering CHD Risk	544	(4)
Lifestyle Changes for Hypertriglyceridemia	548	(1)
Vitamin Supplementation and CHD Risk	548	(1)
Drug Therapies for CHD Prevention	548	(2)
Treatment for Heart Attack	550	(1)
Hypertension	550	(5)
Factors That Influence Blood Pressure	550	(1)
Contributing Factors for Hypertension	551	(1)
Treatment of Hypertension	552	(3)
Congestive Heart Failure	555	(1)
Consequences of Congestive Heart Failure	555	(1)
Medical Management of Congestive Heart Failure	556	(1)
Stroke	556	(5)
Stroke Prevention	557	(1)
Stroke Management	557	(4)
Nutrition in Practice Helping People with Feeding Disabilities	561	(4)
Nutrition and Renal Diseases	565	(25)
The Nephrotic Syndrome	566	(2)
Consequences of the Nephrotic Syndrome	567	(1)
Treatment of the Nephrotic Syndrome	567	(1)
Acute Renal Failure	568	(4)
Causes of Acute Renal Failure	568	(2)
Consequences of Acute Renal Failure	570	(1)
Treatment of Acute Renal Failure	571	(1)
Chronic Renal Failure	572	(8)
Consequences of Chronic Renal Failure	573	(1)
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure	574	(3)
Kidney Transplants	577	(3)
Kidney Stones	580	(7)
Formation of Kidney Stones	580	(2)
Consequences of Kidney Stones	582	(1)
Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones	582	(5)
Nutrition in Practice Dialysis	587	(3)
Nutrition, Cancer, and HIV Infection	590
Cancer	591	(9)
How Cancer Develops	591	(1)
Nutrition and Cancer Risk	591	(3)
Consequences of Cancer	594	(2)
Treatments for Cancer	596	(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer	598	(2)
HIV Infection	600	(11)
Consequences of HIV Infection	602	(2)
Treatments for HIV Infection	604	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for HIV Infection	605	(6)
Nutrition in Practice Alternative Therapies	611
APPENDIX A Table of Food Composition	3
APPENDIX B WHO: Nutrition Recommendations Canada: Guidelines and Meal Planning	1	(1)
Nutrition Recommendations from WHO
Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating
Canada's Meal Planning for Healthy Eating
APPENDIX C United States: Exchange Lists
The Exchange Groups and Lists
APPENDIX D Physical Activity and Energy Requirements	1	(1)
Calculating Your Physical Activity Level
Guesstimating Your Physical Activity Level
Using a Shortcut to Estimate Total Energy Expenditure
APPENDIX E Nutrition Assessment: Supplemental Information	1	(1)
Weight Gain during Pregnancy
Growth Charts
Measures of Body Fat and Lean Tissue
Nutritional Anemias
APPENDIX F Aids to Calculation	1	(1)
Conversion Factors
Percentages
Weights and Measures
APPENDIX G Enteral Formulas	1	(1)
APPENDIX H Answers to Self Check Questions
Glossary	1