Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates

by Committee on Occupational Health & Safety

• ISBN13: 9780309089142
• ISBN10: 030908914X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: NATL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Summary

The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. "Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary	1	(4)
Introduction and Overview	4	(5)
Occupational Health and Safety Program	5	(1)
Overview	6	(3)
Background and Context for Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates	9	(12)
Introduction	9	(1)
Intent of this Report	10	(1)
Implementing the Occuptional Health and Safety Program	11	(3)
Hazards Associated with Nonhuman-Primate Behavior	14	(5)
Risks and Risk Reduction Associated with Environmental Enrichment	19	(2)
Identifying Infectious Hazards Associated with the Use of Nonhuman Primates in Research	21	(38)
Viral Diseases	23	(17)
Bacterial Diseases	40	(7)
Protozoan Parasites	47	(4)
Metazoan Parasites	51	(4)
Other Agents	55	(2)
Summary	57	(2)
Identifying Noninfectious Hazards	59	(9)
Physical Hazards	60	(5)
Chemical Hazards	65	(3)
Risk Assessment: Evaluating Risks to Human Health and Safety	68	(15)
Background	68	(1)
The Process of Risk Assessment	69	(11)
Risk of Occupational Injuries and Exposures at National Primate Research Centers	80	(3)
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations and Recommendations Applicable to Nonhuman-Primate Research Facilities	83	(11)
Federal Occupational Health and Safety Requirements	83	(6)
State Occupational Health and Safety Requirements	89	(1)
Useful References	90	(4)
Risk Management: the Principles Underlying the Design and Implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety Plan	94	(26)
Administrative Procedures	96	(1)
Facility Design and Operation	97	(1)
Exposure-Control Methods	98	(4)
Education and Training	102	(1)
Occupational Health	102	(3)
Tuberculosis Testing	105	(1)
Equipment Performance	105	(2)
Information Management	107	(1)
Emergency Procedures	107	(1)
Program Evaluation	108	(12)
Personnel Qualifications, Training, and Continuing Education	120	(15)
Introduction	120	(1)
Personnel Qualifications	121	(2)
Training	123	(10)
Continuing Education	133	(1)
Recordkeeping	134	(1)
Postexposure Medical Treatment in Nonhuman-Primate Facilities	135	(12)
Defining Exposure Risk	136	(1)
Scope of Potential Infectious Agents in Nonhuman Primates	136	(1)
Defining Routes of Exposure	137	(2)
Determining Appropriate Postexposure Medical Management	139	(1)
First Aid after Exposures to Nonhuman Primates	140	(1)
Medical Evaluation and Followup	141	(3)
B Virus Exposure	144	(1)
Exposure to Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses	145	(1)
Other Retroviruses	146	(1)
Recombinant-Vaccinia Research	146	(1)
REFERENCES	147	(14)
APPENDICES
A Workshop Speakers	159	(2)
B Committee Member Biographies	161