Occupational Therapy Enabling Function and Well-Being

by Christiansen, Charles H.; Baum, Carolyn M.

• ISBN13: 9781556422485
• ISBN10: 1556422482
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-07-16
• Publisher: Slack Incorporated

Summary

Recognized as a key foundational textbook in occupational therapy, Occupational Therapy: Overcoming Human Performance Deficits has been revised and renamed for its second edition, Occupational Therapy: Enabling Function and Well-Being, Second Edition.The second edition has expanded the Person-Environment Occupational Performance Model and integrated it throughout the text. The authors believe that the Person-Environment Occupational Performance approach is the basis of gaining a comprehensive view of functional performance in daily living. The second edition provides an enriched framework with improved focus on the links between theory and practice. The book is designed to lead the reader through the reasoning process and decision-making process necessary for competent practice, emphasizing functional performance as it applies to engagement in daily occupation.Significant additions to the second edition include a chapter on measurement of outcomes in occupational therapy from clinical and program evaluation standpoints, chapters on meaning of occupations and on health promotion and prevention of disability, as well as case studies included within chapters. There is also a new section on decision-making for intervention that integrates recent work on clinical reasoning by occupational therapists. Chapters have been written and organized to reflect the important dimensions of the individual, the environment, and meaningful occupation across the life span. A greater focus is devoted to combining theoretical, assessment and intervention information in individual chapters addressing components of performance.Through the work of many new expert contributors, the second edition also reflects and benefits from a more international perspective on occupational therapy practice. Contributors include occupational therapists, rehabilitation scientists, and disability specialists from around the world.

Table of Contents

Dedication	v	(12)
Foreword	xvii	(2)
Gail S. Fidler, OTR, FAOTA
First Edition Acknowledgments	xix	(6)
Contributing Authors	xxv	(2)
Preface	xxvii
SECTION ONE - CONTEXT AND DECISIONS FOR PRACTICE	2	(180)
Chapter 1: Understanding Occupation: Definitions and Concepts	2	(24)
Introduction
Appreciating the Complexity of Occupations
Occupation and Occupational Therapy
Defining Occupation
Occupation, Purposeful Activity and Function
Function and Occupational Performance
Taxonomies
Classifying Occupation: Levels of Complexity and Types
Occupations and Time Use
Measuring Time Use
General Patterns of Time Use
The Frequency and Duration of Occupations
Life Stories
Issues in the Study of Occupation
Summary
Chapter 2: The Occupational Therapy Context: Philosophy- Principles- Practice	26	(20)
Evolution of an Identity: Framing the Need for Occupational Therapy
An Historical Perspective
Historical Influences of Medicine
A Shifting Paradigm in Medicine and Health Care
Philosophical Influences on Practice
Reflecting Philosophical Values in Practice: Occupational Therapy Ethics
Conceptual Systems for Guiding Practice
The Unique Contribution of Occupational Therapy
Models for Rehabilitation Services
Influencing Outcomes
Person Environment Occupation Transactions
Chapter 3: Person-Environment Occupational Performance: A Conceptual Model for Practice	46	(26)
Purpose of this Chapter
Overview of the Model
Benefits of the Model
Origin of the Model
The Person as an Occupational Being
Motivation
Internality
Self-Efficacy
Personality
Values
Meaning
Spiritual Meaning
Occupational Performance
Intrinsic Enablers of Performance
Environment: The Context of Performance
Applying the Model: Occupational Therapy Intervention
Summary
Chapter 4: Theoretical Contexts for the Practice of Occupational Therapy	72	(32)
Key Issues in the Study of Person-Environment-Occupation Relationships
Definition and Classification of Environment
Definition and Classification of Occupation
Environment-Behaviour Studies Perspective
Environment-Behaviour Models
OT Perspective: Views of the Person-Environment Relationship
OT Perspective: Theoretical Models
Contemporary Task-Oriented Approach
Implications for OT Practice
Chapter 5: Occupational Performance Assessment	104	(32)
Overview
Definitions and Terminology
Occupational Performance and Functional Assessment
A Conceptual Model for Occupational Performance Assessment
Basic Components of Assessing Occupational Performance
Levels of Measurement and Variables
Reliability in Occupational Performance Assessment
Validity in Occupational Performance Assessment
Assessment Sensitivity
Types of Assessment
Occupational Performance/Functional Assessment Instruments
Functional Assessment Instruments for Adults--Comprehensive
Assessment of Handicap/Quality of Life
Assessment of Health Status
Occupational Performance Assessment in Children
Implications and Conclusions
Chapter 6: Diagnostic Reasoning: The Process of Problem Identification	136	(22)
Introduction
Definition and Role of the Occupational Therapy Diagnosis
OT Diagnosis
The OT Diagnostic Statement
Structure of the OT Diagnosis
OT Diagnostic Reasoning
Diagnostic Reasoning in Action: Case Scenario
Diagnostic Hypothesis Generation
Diagnostic Reasoning in Action: Case Scenario
Strategies for Refining Diagnostic Hypotheses
Diagnostic Reasoning in Action: Case Scenario
Diagnostic Verification
Diagnostic Reasoning in Action: Case Scenario
Errors in Diagnostic Reasoning
Expert-Novice Differences in Diagnostic Reasoning
Summary
Chapter 7: Clinical Reasoning: Informed Decision Making for Practice	158	(24)
Introduction
Alternative Perspectives and Definitions
How Do I Make Sense of All the Data?
Key Components in Clinical Reasoning
Facilitating Reasoning by Use of a Reflective Framework
Summary
SECTION TWO - INTRINSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS	182	(154)
Chapter 8: Implementing Neuroscience Principles to Support Habilitation and Recovery	182	(52)
Basic Neurological Principles that Support Performance
The Sensory Systems
The Motor Systems
Interaction Among Sensorimotor Systems to Support Performance
The Cognitive Systems
The Affective Systems
Summary
Chapter 9: Movement Related Problems	234	(22)
Introduction
Traditional and Contemporary Views on Motor Learning, Motor Control, and Motor Development
Contemporary Treatment Models for Individuals with Central Nervous System Dysfunction
Assessment
Intervention
Case Studies
Conclusion
Chapter 10: Promoting Health and Physical Fitness	256	(32)
Introduction
Physical Fitness in Rehabilitation and Health Promotion
Components of Physical Fitness
Response and Adaptation
Reasons for Diminished Fitness
Assessment and Prescription of Physical Activity to Promote Health and Physical Fitness
Other Factors Affecting Performance
Conclusion
Chapter 11: Meeting the Challenges of Cognitive Disabilities	288	(24)
Introduction
Basic Cognitive Mechanisms that Support Performance
Assessment
Conclusion
Chapter 12: Coping with Psychological and Emotional Challenges	312	(24)
Introduction
Psychological Constructs
Diagnosing Psychological Dysfunction
The Occupational Therapy Perspective on Psychological Disorders
The Treatment Process in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health
Outcomes of Mental Health Treatment
Conclusion
SECTION THREE - EXTRINSIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS	336	(92)
Chapter 13: The Role of the Environment in Occupational Performance	336	(26)
Introduction
What is the Physical Environment?
Attributes of the Physical Environment
Transactions Between Humans and the Physical Environment
Environmental Assessment
Enhancing Occupational Performance Through Environmental Modifications
Special Issues in Introducing Environmental Modifications
Specialized Environments and Interventions
Environmental Modifications in Combination with Other Intervention Frameworks
The Environmentally Minded OT on a Team of Service Providers
Challenges for the Future
Chapter 14: Meaning and Occupation	362	(16)
Introduction
The Search for Meaning
The Experience of Occupation
The Study of Meaning
Occupational Therapy and Meaning
Summary
Chapter 15: The Influence of the Social Environment on the Social Participation of People with Disabilities	378	(14)
The Sociocultural Normative Context: An Anthropological View
Societal Changes and Their Impact on Social Engagement
Social Policies Evolution
Environmental Factors
Social Environment or Habitat Factors
Chapter 16: Achieving Occupational Goals: The Social Effects of Stigma	392	(18)
Introduction
The Definition of Stigma
Influence of Stigma
Dilemma of Difference and Stigma
Stigma and Models of Disability
Medical Model
Economic Model
Psychosocial Model
The Sociopolitical Definition of Disability and the Minority Group Model
Attitudes About Disability
A Positive Sense of Identity for Persons with Disabilities
Equal Environmental Adaptations
Conclusion
Chapter 17: Social Support and Occupational Therapy	410	(18)
Introduction
Definition
Social Support Among People with Disabilities
Enhancing Social Support Among People with Disabilities
Conclusion
SECTION FOUR - INTERVENTIONS: ACHIEVING FUNCTION AND WELL-BEING THROUGH OCCUPATION	428	(149)
Chapter 18: Occupational Competence Across the Life Span	428	(30)
Introduction
Occupational Competence
Conceptual Basis of Occupational Competence
Occupational Competence and Disability
Summary
Chapter 19: Adaptation	458	(24)
Introduction
Adaptation--Significance to Occupational Performance
Adaptation--Universal Concept
Various Definitions Within Practice
The Conceptual Evolution of Adaptation
Significance of Adaptation Within Occupational Therapy
Adaptation as a Paradigm of the Profession
Occupational Adaptation--A Theoretical Frame of Reference for a Paradigm of Adaptation
Conclusion
Chapter 20: Assistive Technology	482	(26)
Introduction
Definitions in Assistive Technology
Overview of Assistive Technologies
The Conceptual Framework for Interfacing People with Assistive Technology
The Environmental Mismatch Model
Legislation
Education
Research
Activities for Occupational Therapists in Assistive Technology
The Occupational Therapist and Assistive Technology Practice
The Application of Assistive Technology in Facility and Community Settings
Future (Evolving Issues)
Chapter 21: Meeting the Challenges of Disability: Models for Enabling Function and Well-Being	508	(22)
Introduction
Biomedical Rehabilitation
Client-Centred Rehabilitation
Community-based Rehabilitation
Applications of the Four Models of Service
Conclusion
Chapter 22: Prevention of Disability and Maintenance of Health	530	(26)
Introduction
Terminology
Current Mandates for a Shift of Services
Key National Initiatives and Resources
Conditions Leading to Activity Limitations
A Framework for Prevention and Health Promotion
Practicing in the Community
Core Public Health Functions
Theoretical Approaches to Behavior Change
Occupational Therapy Roles
Program Examples
Conclusion
Chapter 23: The Effect of Occupational Therapy on Function and Well-Being	556	(21)
Introduction
Quality Improvement and Program Evaluation in Medical Rehabilitation
Theoretical Models for Rehabilitation Outcome Research
Research Priorities in Treatment Effectiveness
Determining Effectiveness: Shifting from Mortality and Morbidity to Functional Outcomes
Functional Assessment of Medical Outcomes
Quality of Life as an Outcome
Conceptual Models of Quality of Life
Appendices:	577	(14)
A: Uniform Terminology, Third Edition	577	(6)
B: Resources	583	(2)
C: General Guidelines for Stages of Practice (CAOT)	585	(4)
D: Code of Ethics (CAOT)	589	(2)
Glossary	591	(16)
Index of Assessment Approaches	607	(2)
Index	609