Foreword | p. ix |
Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. xv |
Benefits of Online Teacher/Tutor Conferencing | p. 1 |
What an Online Conference Is | p. 1 |
Who Conferences Online and Why | p. 2 |
When and Why Conferencing Online Helps | p. 10 |
Why Conferencing Online Is Hard to Do Well | p. 11 |
Practical Matters | p. 14 |
The Nature of the Writing Conference | p. 14 |
Writing Conference Characteristics | p. 16 |
Identify the Strengths of the Tools | p. 30 |
Establishing Trust | p. 37 |
Creating the Learning Environment | p. 37 |
Setting Instructional Expectations | p. 47 |
Helping Students to Set Agendas and Make Choices | p. 50 |
Connecting with Students | p. 56 |
Caring for Students | p. 59 |
Letting Students Care for Us | p. 64 |
Theories for Writing Response in Online Settings | p. 71 |
Responding to Writing | p. 71 |
Expressivism and OWI | p. 72 |
Social Construction and OWI | p. 74 |
Postprocess and OWI | p. 76 |
Eclectic Approaches and OWI | p. 78 |
First Steps for Writing Response in Online Settings | p. 82 |
Know What You Are Talking About | p. 82 |
Use Vocabulary Specific to Writing Instruction | p. 86 |
Write at the Student's Level | p. 88 |
Choose Desired Outcomes | p. 91 |
Writing Mini-lessons and Next Steps | p. 97 |
The Orneriness of Language | p. 102 |
What Students Say They Need in Conference-based Commentary | p. 102 |
Direct and Indirect Speech | p. 106 |
"I've Got a Secret" (Direct and Indirect Commentary) | p. 112 |
Using What Works | p. 120 |
Engagement | p. 120 |
Where to Comment | p. 125 |
Too Much and Too Little Commenting | p. 133 |
Modeling by Proofing and Editing | p. 137 |
Addressing Sensitive Issues | p. 139 |
Having Effective Conferences | p. 145 |
Learning from Student Progress | p. 145 |
Instructional Rubics | p. 145 |
Interactive Journals | p. 149 |
Spontaneous or Scheduled Chats | p. 151 |
Midterm and End-of-Term Surveys | p. 152 |
Self-Audits | p. 156 |
Postscript: Toward a Theory of Conference-Based Instruction | p. 159 |
A Study of Online Writing Instructor Perceptions | p. 163 |
Direct and Indirect Speech in Writing Response | p. 172 |
Works Cited | p. 181 |
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