Organization Theory and Design

by Daft, Richard L.

• ISBN13: 9780324021004
• ISBN10: 0324021003
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-07
• Publisher: South-Western College Pub

Summary

In the Seventh Edition, Richard Daft continues the approach that has made Organization Theory and Design the best-selling text in the field. Throughout the text, concepts and models from organization theory are combined with changing events in the real world to create reading that is enjoyable and up-to-date.Organization Theory and Design includes case examples, recent research, and reviews of current books, creating a complete and up-to-date presentation of organization design today.

Author Biography

Richard Daft received his M.B.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He is the Ralph Owen Professor of Management at Vanderbilt University

Table of Contents

Preface
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONS	1	(46)
Organizations and Organization Theory	2	(45)
A Look Inside International Business Machines Corporation	3	(3)
Organization Theory in Action	6	(2)
Topics	6	(1)
Current Challenges	7	(1)
New Rules for the New Economy: 10 Radical Strategies for a Connected World	8	(4)
Purpose of This Chapter	11	(1)
What Is an Organization	12	(2)
Definition	12	(1)
Importance of Organization	12	(2)
Organizations as Systems	14	(2)
Open Systems	14	(1)
Organizational Configuration	15	(1)
Dimensions of Organization Design	16	(4)
Structural Dimensions	17	(1)
Contextual Dimensions	18	(2)
W. L. Gore & Associates	20	(1)
The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design	21	(8)
History	21	(3)
The Changing Paradigm of Organization Design	24	(1)
Efficient Performance Versus the Learning Organization	25	(4)
Taking the Lead Cisco Systems: Writing the Rules for the New World of Business	29	(1)
The Role of Organization Theory and Design	30	(1)
Cementos Mexicanos	30	(1)
Framework for the Book	31	(4)
Levels of Analysis	31	(2)
Plan of the Book	33	(1)
Plan of Each Chapter	33	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	35	(12)
Workbook Measuring Dimensions of Organizations	37	(1)
Case for Analysis SS Technologies Inc. (A)---Introduction	38	(2)
Case for Analysis SS Technologies Inc. (D)---Organizational Design	40	(7)
PART 2 ORGANIZATIONAL PURPOSE AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN	47	(80)
Strategy, Organization Design, and Effectiveness	48	(36)
A Look Inside Danone Group	49	(1)
Top Management Strategic Direction	50	(2)
Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos	52	(1)
Organizational Purpose	52	(5)
Mission	53	(1)
Operative Goals	53	(2)
Importance of Goals	55	(2)
Summary	57	(1)
Taking the Lead Shooting for the Stars	57	(1)
Organizational Strategies and Design	57	(1)
Porter's Competitive Strategies	58	(1)
Starbuck Coffee Co.	58	(6)
Miles and Snow's Strategy Typology	60	(1)
How Strategies Affect Organization Design	61	(2)
Other Factors Affecting Organization Design	63	(1)
Organizational Effectiveness	64	(1)
Contingency Effectiveness Approaches	64	(3)
Goal Approach	65	(2)
White House Office of National Drug Control Policy	67	(2)
Resource-Based Approach	67	(1)
Internal Process Approach	68	(1)
Balanced Effectiveness Approaches	69	(1)
Stakeholder Approach	69	(1)
Delta Air Lines	70	(3)
Competing Values Approach	71	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	73	(11)
Workbook Identifying Company Goals and Strategies	76	(1)
Case for Analysis The University Art Museum	76	(3)
Case for Analysis Airstar, Inc.	79	(1)
Workshop Competing Values and Organizational Effectiveness	80	(4)
Fundamentals of Organization Structure	84	(43)
A Look Inside NeoData	85	(1)
Organization Structure	86	(1)
Information-Processing Perspective on Structure	87	(5)
Vertical Information Linkages	88	(1)
Horizontal Information Linkages	89	(3)
American Standard Companies	92	(2)
Organization Design Alternatives	94	(2)
Defined Work Activities	94	(1)
Reporting Relationships	94	(1)
Departmental Grouping Options	95	(1)
Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs	96	(1)
Functional Structure	96	(1)
Blue Bell Creameries, Inc.	97	(3)
Functional Structure with Horizontal Linkages	98	(1)
Divisional Structure	99	(1)
Microsoft Corp	100	(2)
Geographical Structure	101	(1)
Matrix Structure	102	(3)
Conditions for the Matrix	103	(1)
Strengths and Weaknesses	104	(1)
Worldwide Steel	105	(1)
Horizontal Structure	106	(2)
The Boundaryless Organization: Breaking the Chains of Organizational Structure	108	(2)
Characteristics	108	(2)
Xerox	110	(2)
Strengths and Weaknesses	110	(2)
Hybrid Structure	112	(2)
Applications of Structural Design	114	(2)
Structural Contingencies	114	(1)
Structural Alignment	115	(1)
Symptoms of Structural Deficiency	115	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	116	(11)
Workbook You and Organization Structure	119	(1)
Case for Analysis C & C Grocery Stores, Inc.	119	(3)
Case for Analysis Aquarius Advertising Agency	122	(5)
PART 3 OPEN SYSTEM DESIGN ELEMENTS	127	(149)
The External Environment	128	(36)
A Look Inside Barnes & Noble	129	(1)
The Environmental Domain	130	(5)
Task Environment	131	(1)
General Environment	132	(1)
International Context	133	(2)
Wal-Mart	135	(1)
Environmental Uncertainty	136	(3)
Simple-Complex Dimension	136	(1)
Stable-Unstable Dimension	137	(1)
Framework	137	(2)
Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty	139	(1)
Positions and Departments	139	(1)
Buffering and Boundary Spanning	139	(1)
Open Boundaries: Creating Business Innovation Through Complexity	140	(2)
Tommy Hilfiger	142	(3)
Differentiation and Integration	142	(2)
Organic Versus Mechanistic Management Processes	144	(1)
Taking the Lead Rowe Furniture Company	145	(1)
Planning and Forecasting	146	(1)
Framework for Organizational Responses to Uncertainty	146	(1)
Resource Dependence	146	(2)
Controlling Environmental Resources	148	(3)
Establishing Interorganizational Linkages	148	(3)
Toshiba	151	(4)
Controlling the Environmental Domain	151	(3)
Organization-Environment Integrative Framework	154	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	155	(9)
Workbook Organizations You Rely On	157	(1)
Case for Analysis The Paradoxical Twins: Acme and Omega Electronics	158	(6)
Interorganizational Relationships	164	(34)
A Look Inside Cisco Systems	165	(1)
Organizational Ecosystems	166	(3)
Is Competition Dead?	167	(1)
The Changing Role of Management	167	(2)
The Trillion-Dollar Enterprise: How the Alliance Revolution Will Transform Global Business	169	(2)
Interorganizational Framework	170	(1)
Resource Dependence	171	(1)
Resource Strategies	171	(1)
Power Strategies	172	(1)
Collaborative Networks	172	(2)
International Origins	173	(1)
Toyota Motor Corporation	174	(2)
From Adversaries to Partners	174	(2)
Empire Equipment Company	176	(1)
Population Ecology	177	(1)
Taking the Lead Volkswagen	177	(5)
Organizational Form and Niche	179	(1)
Process of Ecological Change	180	(1)
Strategies for Survival	181	(1)
Charles Schwab Corp	182	(1)
Institutionalism	182	(4)
Institutional Similarity	184	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	186	(12)
Workbook Management Fads	189	(1)
Case for Analysis Hugh Russel, Inc.	189	(3)
Workshop Ugli Orange Case	192	(6)
Manufacturing and Service Technologies	198	(40)
A Look Inside French Rags	199	(2)
Organization-Level Manufacturing Technology	201	(3)
Manufacturing Firms	201	(3)
Northeast Utilities and Boston Edison Company	204	(2)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing	205	(1)
Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporation	206	(3)
Organization-Level Service Technology	209	(2)
Service Firms	210	(1)
Taking the Lead Deere & Co.	211	(1)
Capital Protection Insurance Services	212	(2)
Designing the Service Organization	213	(1)
Departmental Technology	214	(3)
Variety	214	(1)
Analyzability	214	(1)
Framework	215	(2)
Department Design	217	(2)
``M*A*S*H'' Versus ``E.R.''	219	(1)
Workflow Interdependence Among Departments	219	(4)
Types	219	(2)
Structural Priority	221	(1)
Structural Implications	222	(1)
Athletic Teams	223	(1)
Impact of Technology on Job Design	224	(3)
Job Design	224	(1)
Sociotechnical Systems	225	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	227	(11)
Workbook Bistro Technology	229	(2)
Case for Analysis Acetate Department	231	(7)
Information Technology and Knowledge Management	238	(38)
A Look Inside Weyerhaeuser Company	239	(1)
Information Technology Evolution	240	(5)
Operations and Business Resource Applications	241	(2)
Information Technology as a Strategic Weapon	243	(2)
Turner Industries Ltd.	245	(1)
Strategic Use of Information Technology	245	(4)
Low-Cost Leadership	246	(1)
Differentiation	247	(2)
Nike, Inc.	249	(2)
E-commerce	249	(2)
New Options for Organization Design	251	(1)
Dynamic Network Structure	252	(1)
Monorail	252	(4)
Interorganizational Relationships	253	(2)
IT Impact on Organization Design	255	(1)
Business @ the Speed of Thought: Using a Digital Nervous System	256	(1)
Knowledge Management	257	(1)
What is Knowledge?	258	(1)
Approaches to Knowledge Management	259
DPR Construction, Inc.	258	(6)
Mechanisms for Explicit Knowledge Management	261	(1)
Mechanisms for Tacit Knowledge Management	262	(2)
Taking the Lead Creating Knowledge at Novartis	264	(2)
Leveraging Professional Knowledge and Expertise	266	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	266	(10)
Workbook Are You Fast Enough to Succeed in Internet Time?	269	(1)
Case for Analysis Century Medical	270	(2)
Case for Analysis Product X	272	(4)
PART 4 INTERNAL DESIGN ELEMENTS	276	(121)
Organization Size, Life Cycle, and Control	278	(34)
A Look Inside Oxford Health Plans	279	(1)
Organization Size: Is Bigger Better?	280	(4)
Pressures for Growth	280	(1)
Large Versus Small	281	(3)
Organizational Life Cycle	284	(1)
Stages of Life Cycle Development	284	(1)
The Alchemy of Growth: Practical Insights for Building the Enduring Enterprise	285	(2)
Biogen Inc	287	(2)
Organizational Characteristics During the Life Cycle	288	(1)
Organizational Bureaucracy and Control	289	(2)
What is Bureaucracy?	289	(1)
Size and Structural Control	290	(1)
Bureaucracy in a Changing World	291	(2)
Dynamic Control Systems	293	(3)
Bureaucratic Control	293	(3)
TNT UK	296	(1)
Market Control	296	(1)
Taking the Lead E-Commerce Metrics	297	(1)
Imperial Oil Limited	298	(1)
Clan Control	298	(1)
Columbus Mills	299	(3)
The Balanced Scorecard	300	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	302	(10)
Workbook Control Mechanisms	304	(1)
Case for Analysis Sunflower Incorporated	305	(2)
Windsock, Inc	307	(5)
Organizational Culture and Ethical Values	312	(38)
A Look Inside SAS Institute	313	(1)
Organizational Culture	314	(5)
What Is Culture?	314	(1)
Emergence and Purpose of Culture	314	(1)
Interpreting Culture	315	(4)
Organizational Design and Culture	319	(3)
The Adaptability/Entrepreneurial Culture	319	(1)
The Mission Culture	320	(1)
The Clan Culture	320	(1)
The Bureaucratic Culture	321	(1)
Culture Strength and Organizational Subcultures	321	(1)
Pitney Bowes Credit Corporation	322	(1)
Culture and the Learning Organization	322	(1)
Taking the Lead Trilogy Software Inc	323	(2)
Netscape Communications Corp.	325	(1)
Ethical Values in Organizations	326	(1)
Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies	326	(2)
Sources of Ethical Values in Organizations	328	(3)
Personal Ethics	329	(1)
Organizational Culture	329	(1)
Organizational Systems	330	(1)
External Stakeholders	330	(1)
How Leaders Shape Culture and Ethics	331	(1)
Values-Based Leadership	332	(1)
Herman Miller	332	(3)
Formal Structure and Systems	333	(2)
Holt Companies	335	(1)
Corporate Culture in a Global Environment	336	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	337	(13)
Workbook Shop 'til You Drop: Corporate Culture in the Retail World	339	(2)
Case for Analysis Implementing Change at National Industrial Products	341	(1)
Case for Analysis Does This Milkshake Taste Funny?	342	(8)
Innovation and Change	350	(47)
A Look Inside 3M	351	(1)
Innovate or Perish: The Strategic Role of Change	352	(3)
Incremental Versus Radical Change	353	(2)
Progressive Corporation	355	(4)
Strategic Types of Change	355	(2)
Elements for Successful Change	357	(2)
Cadwalader, Wickersham, and Taft	359	(1)
Technology Change	360	(4)
The Ambidextrous Approach	360	(1)
Techniques for Encouraging Technology Change	361	(3)
The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail	364	(1)
New Products and Services	365	(3)
New Product Success Rate	365	(1)
Reasons for New Product Success	366	(1)
Horizontal Linkage Model	366	(2)
Kellogg	368	(1)
Achieving Competitive Advantage with Rapid Product Innovation	368	(1)
Strategy and Structure Change	369	(3)
The Dual-Core Approach	370	(2)
Hire Quality, Inc.	372	(1)
Culture Change	373	(3)
Reengineering and Horizontal Organization	373	(1)
Total Quality Management	374	(1)
The Learning Organization	374	(1)
OD Culture Change Interventions	375	(1)
Strategies for Implementing Change	376	(1)
Leadership for Change	377	(1)
Taking the Lead U.S. Agriculture Department's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service	377	(4)
Barriers to Change	378	(1)
Techniques for Implementation	379	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	381	(16)
Workbook Innovation Climate	384	(2)
Case for Analysis Shoe Corporation of Illinois	386	(5)
Case for Analysis Southern Discomfort	391	(6)
PART 5 MANAGING DYNAMIC PROCESSES	397	(144)
Decision Making Processes	398	(42)
A Look Inside White Rose Nursery and Crafts	399	(1)
Definitions	400	(1)
Taking the Lead At US West, Information is Power	401	(1)
Individual Decision Making	402	(3)
Rational Approach	403	(2)
Alberta Manufacturing	405	(3)
Bounded Rationality Perspective	406	(2)
The Dynamic Decisionmaker	408	(1)
Paramount Pictures Corporation	409	(1)
Organizational Decision Making	410	(1)
Management Science Approach	410	(1)
The SABRE Group	411	(3)
Carnegie Model	412	(2)
Encyclopaedia Britannica	414	(4)
Incremental Decision Process Model	415	(3)
Gillette Company	418	(1)
The Learning Organization	419	(4)
Combining the Incremental Process and Carnegie Models	419	(1)
Garbage Can Model	420	(3)
Casablanca	423	(1)
Contingency Decision-Making Framework	424	(3)
Problem Consensus	424	(1)
Technical Knowledge About Solutions	424	(1)
Contingency Framework	424	(3)
Special Decision Circumstances	427	(3)
High-Velocity Environments	428	(1)
Decision Mistakes and Learning	428	(1)
Escalating Commitment	429	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	430	(10)
Workbook Decision Styles	432	(1)
Case for Analysis Cracking the Whip	433	(2)
Case for Analysis The Dilemma of Aliesha State College: Competence Versus Need	435	(5)
Conflict, Power, and Politics	440	(40)
A Look Inside Pacific Medical Center	441	(1)
What Is Intergroup Conflict?	442	(1)
Why Conflict Exists	443	(2)
Taking the Lead GE Plastics/Borg-Warner	445	(2)
Individual Versus Organizational Power	447	(1)
Power Versus Authority	447	(1)
The 48 Laws of Power	448	(1)
Vertical Sources of Power	449	(3)
Xerox	452	(1)
Horizontal Sources of Power	453	(3)
Strategic Contingencies	453	(1)
Power Sources	454	(2)
University of Illinois	456	(1)
Crystal Manufacturing	457	(1)
Political Processes in Organizations	458	(2)
Definition	459	(1)
When Is Political Activity Used?	459	(1)
Using Power, Politics, and Collaboration	460	(3)
Tactics for Increasing Power	460	(2)
Political Tactics for Using Power	462	(1)
Halifax Business Machines	463	(1)
Tactics for Enhancing Collaboration	464	(1)
Aluminum Company of America/International Association of Machinists	464	(4)
Summary and Interpretation	468	(12)
Workbook How Do You Handle Conflict	470	(2)
Case for Analysis The Daily Tribune	472	(2)
Case for Analysis Pierre Dux	474	(6)
Contemporary Trends In Organization Design	480	(61)
A Look Inside Kalahari Bushmen	481	(1)
The Global Environment	482	(1)
Attributes of Organizational Excellence	483	(4)
Taking the Lead Host Universal	487	(1)
Designs for the Global Arena	488	(1)
Stages of International Development	488	(1)
The Living Company: Habits for Survival in a Turbulent Business Environment	489	(3)
International Strategic Alliances	490	(1)
Global Work Teams	491	(1)
Structural Designs for Global Operations	492	(4)
Model for Global Versus Local Opportunities	492	(2)
International Division	494	(1)
Global Product Division Structure	495	(1)
Global Geographic Division Structure	496	(1)
Dow Chemical	496	(1)
Global Matrix Structure	497	(1)
Asea Brown Boveri (ABB)	497	(1)
Transnational Model	498	(3)
The Trend Toward Empowerment	501	(2)
Reasons for Empowerment	502	(1)
Monarch Marking Systems	503	(3)
Elements of Empowerment	504	(1)
Empowerment Applications	505	(1)
Leading the Change Toward Learning Organizations	506	(2)
Transformational Leadership	507	(1)
Corsair Communications Inc.	508	(1)
Assessing the Impact of Top Leadership	509	(3)
Experiments with Top-Management Teams	509	(1)
Succession and Adaptation	510	(1)
Succession and Performance	511	(1)
Managing Organizational Decline	512	(3)
Definition and Causes	513	(1)
A Model of Decline Stages	514	(1)
Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, Alexander & Ferdon	515	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	516	(25)
Workbook Creating a Learning Organization	516	(4)
Case for Analysis W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.: Entering 1998	520	(21)
INTEGRATIVE CASES	541	(64)
1.0 Custom Chip, Inc.	543	(7)
2.0 Microsoft: Adapting to New Challenges	550	(10)
3.1 Littleton Manufacturing (A)	560	(13)
3.2 Littleton Manufacturing (B)	573	(3)
4.0 XEL Communications, Inc. (C): Forming a Strategic Partnership	576	(7)
5.0 National Bank of San Francisco	583	(3)
6.0 The Audubon Zoo, 1993	586	(14)
7.0 Dowling Flexible Metals	600	(5)
Glossary	605	(8)
Name Index	613	(10)
Corporate Name Index	623	(4)
Subject Index	627