Parenting in a Contemporary Society

by Hamner, Tommie J.; Turner, Pauline H.

• ISBN13: 9780205296460
• ISBN10: 0205296467
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This research-based book on parenting through the lifespan, helps readers learn to work with parents as professionals, as well as develop life skills.Parenting in Contemporary Society, Fourth Edition provides in-depth information about parenting through the lifespan and parenting in diverse family types. It includes all types of parents and family situations, examines similarities and differences among parents in four major minority groups, and examines the various risks, challenges, and alternatives available to parents.Designed for family therapists or counselors.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART I PARENTING: CONCEPTS, CHALLENGES, AND CHANGES
Parenting in Perspective	1	(32)
Concepts of Parenting	2	(27)
Parenthood	2	(7)
Parenting	9	(16)
Parent Education	25	(4)
Summary	29	(1)
References	29	(4)
The Changing Nature of Parenting: Infancy and Early Childhood	33	(35)
Parents and Infants	34	(9)
Parents as Caregivers	34	(2)
Establishing Basic Trust	36	(1)
Attachment	37	(3)
Developing Reciprocity	40	(1)
Brain Development and Infant Stimulation	41	(2)
Parents and Toddlers	43	(6)
The Parents' Roles as Protectors	43	(1)
Coping with Growing Autonomy	44	(2)
Providing Learning Experiences	46	(3)
Programs for Parents of Infants and Toddlers	49	(2)
Parents and Preschool Children	51	(11)
The Parents' Roles as Nurturers	51	(1)
Discipline versus Punishment	52	(5)
Self-Concept	57	(1)
Developing a Sense of Initiative	58	(2)
Providing Learning Experiences	60	(2)
Programs for Parents of Preschool Children	62	(1)
Developmental Needs of Parents	63	(2)
Summary	65	(1)
References	65	(3)
The Changing Nature of Parenting: Middle Childhood and Adolescence	68	(41)
Parents and School-Age Children	69	(11)
The Parents' Roles as Encouragers	69	(1)
Parenting Styles and Practices	69	(4)
Developing a Sense of Industry	73	(1)
Building a Healthy Self-Concept	74	(2)
Peer Relationships	76	(1)
Providing Learning Experiences	77	(3)
Special Challenges of Preadolescence	80	(2)
Programs for Parents of School-age Children	82	(2)
Parent Involvement in the Schools	82	(1)
Chapter I Programs	83	(1)
Parent Education via the Child's School	83	(1)
Developmental Needs of Parents	84	(1)
Parents and Adolescents	85	(17)
Parent-Child Interactions	85	(3)
Developing a Sense of Identity	88	(4)
Rearing Adolescents in Contemporary Society	92	(3)
Adolescent Sexuality	95	(5)
Adolescent Substance Use	100	(2)
Programs for Parents of Adolescents	102	(1)
Developmental Needs of Parents	103	(1)
Summary	104	(1)
References	105	(4)
The Changing Nature of Parenting: Later Life	109	(26)
Parents and Adult Children	110	(6)
Parenting Young Adult Children	111	(5)
Grandparenting	116	(9)
Content and Meaning of the Grandparent Role	117	(4)
Variables Related to Grandparenting	121	(3)
Grandparents: A Potpourri	124	(1)
Caring for Elderly Parents	125	(7)
Types of Parent Care	126	(1)
Variables Related to Aid and Contact	127	(1)
Qualitative Aspects of Parent Care	128	(2)
Outcomes of Parent Care	130	(2)
Summary	132	(1)
References	132	(3)
Becoming a More Effective Parent: Contemporary Strategies	135	(27)
Systematic Training for Effective Parenting	136	(6)
The Goals of Misbehavior	137	(1)
Reflective Listening	138	(1)
Expressive Aspects of Communication	139	(1)
Natural and Logical Consequences	140	(1)
The Family Meeting	141	(1)
Other STEP Programs	141	(1)
Research Relating to the Adlerian Approach	142	(1)
Active Parenting TODAY	142	(2)
How to Talk So Kids Will Listen	144	(2)
Parents as Teachers	146	(2)
Nurturing Programs	148	(1)
Assertive Discipline	149	(2)
Research Related to Assertive Discipline	150	(1)
The National Extension Parent Education Model	151	(1)
Partners for Fragile Families	151	(1)
Growing Together	152	(1)
Achieve! Success for Young Fathers	153	(1)
Strengthening Stepfamilies	153	(1)
Comparison and Evaluation of Contemporary Strategies	153	(6)
Similarities	153	(1)
Differences	154	(2)
Strengths and Limitations	156	(3)
Summary	159	(1)
References	160	(2)
PART II PARENTING: DIVERSE FAMILY TYPES
Parenting in Diverse Cultures	162	(39)
Socioeconomic Differences in Parenting	163	(5)
Quality of the Home Environment	164	(2)
Parenting Behaviors	166	(2)
Parenting in African American Families	168	(11)
Demographics	169	(1)
Diverse Viewpoints of the African American Family	170	(1)
Functions of African American Families	171	(1)
Characteristics of African American Culture That Affect Parenting	172	(2)
African American Mothers	174	(1)
African American Fathers	175	(1)
Rearing African American Children	176	(1)
Resources for African American Families	177	(1)
Future Research Needs	178	(1)
Parenting in Mexican American Families	179	(5)
Demographics	179	(1)
Family Roles and Relationships	180	(2)
Rearing Mexican American Children	182	(2)
Future Research Needs	184	(1)
Parenting in Native American Families	184	(6)
Demographics	185	(1)
Family Structure	186	(1)
Value Orientation	187	(1)
Parent-Child Interactions	187	(2)
The Indian Child Welfare Act	189	(1)
Future Research Needs	189	(1)
Parenting in Asian American Families	190	(7)
Historical Perspectives	190	(1)
Demographics	191	(1)
Chinese American Families	192	(3)
Japanese American Families	195	(1)
Summary	196	(1)
Similarities and Differences among Cultures	197	(1)
Summary	197	(1)
References	198	(3)
Parenting in Single-Parent Families and Stepfamilies	201	(59)
Single-Parent Families	203	(29)
Single Mothers	204	(9)
Single Fathers	213	(5)
Issues Related to Single Parenting	218	(12)
Services and Support for Single-Parent Families	230	(2)
Stepfamilies	232	(22)
Issues for Stepfamilies	235	(8)
Stepmothers	243	(1)
Stepfathers	244	(2)
Children in Stepfamilies	246	(6)
Support for Stepfamilies	252	(2)
Summary	254	(1)
References	255	(5)
Parenting in Families with Diverse Lifestyles	260	(42)
Dual-Career Families	261	(3)
Characteristics of Dual-Career Families	262	(2)
Dual-Earner Families	264	(18)
Integration of Work and Family Roles and Responsibilities	265	(7)
Marital Relationships in Dual-Career and Dual-Earner Families	272	(2)
Children in Dual-Career and Dual-Earner Families	274	(5)
Support for Dual-Career and Dual-Earner Families	279	(3)
Cohabiting Parents	282	(4)
Gay and Lesbian Parents	286	(11)
Reasons Gays and Lesbians Marry and Become Parents	287	(1)
Gay Fathers	287	(3)
Lesbian Mothers	290	(4)
Effects of Homosexuality on Children	294	(1)
Alternative Routes to Parenthood for Gays and Lesbians	295	(1)
Gay Adoption and Foster Care	296	(1)
Support for Gay and Lesbian Parents	297	(1)
Summary	297	(1)
References	298	(4)
PART III PARENTING: RISKS AND ALTERNATIVES
Parenting in High-Risk Families	302	(40)
Adolescent Parents	303	(14)
The Problem	303	(1)
Factors Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy	304	(1)
Outcomes	305	(3)
Parenting by Adolescents	308	(4)
Teenage Fathers	312	(2)
Programs for Teen Pregnancy and Parenthood	314	(3)
Abusive Parents	317	(14)
Types of Child Abuse/Neglect	318	(2)
Factors Contributing to Abuse	320	(2)
Effects of Abuse on Children	322	(4)
Familial Aspects of Abuse	326	(1)
Reporting Abuse	327	(2)
Support for Abusive Parents	329	(2)
Homeless Families	331	(7)
Incidence	332	(1)
Causes of Homelessness	332	(2)
Characteristics of Homeless Parents	334	(1)
Characteristics of Homeless Children	334	(1)
Support for Homeless Families	335	(3)
Summary	338	(1)
References	338	(4)
Parenting Children with Exceptionalities	342	(29)
Reactions of Parents at Birth	343	(1)
Types of Exceptionalities	344	(8)
Physical Disabilities	344	(2)
Mental Retardation	346	(1)
Learning Disabilities	346	(2)
Communicative Disorders	348	(1)
Hearing Impairments	349	(1)
Visual Impairments/Blindness	350	(1)
Emotional/Behavioral Disorders	350	(1)
Developmental Delay	351	(1)
Giftedness	352	(1)
Other At-Risk or Disabling Conditions	352	(3)
Prematurity	353	(1)
Prenatal Substance Use	353	(1)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome	354	(1)
Challenges for Families with Exceptional Children	355	(9)
Stress and Family Environment	355	(3)
Parent-Child Relationships	358	(5)
Resilient Children	363	(1)
Support for Parents with Exceptional Children	364	(3)
Legislation	364	(3)
Summary	367	(1)
References	368	(3)
Alternatives to Biological Parenthood	371	(34)
Adoptive Parenthood	372	(10)
Incidence	372	(1)
Characteristics of Adoptive Parents	373	(2)
Adopted Children	375	(1)
Outcomes of Adoption	376	(4)
The Search by Adult Adoptees for Birth Parents	380	(1)
Challenges to the Adoption Field	381	(1)
Parenting through Assisted Reproduction	382	(9)
Artificial Insemination by Donor	383	(1)
In Vitro Fertilization	383	(2)
Surrogate Mothers	385	(1)
Other Innovations	386	(1)
Issues Relating to Assisted Reproduction	387	(3)
Outcomes for Children	390	(1)
Foster Parenthood	391	(11)
The Role of the Foster Parent	393	(4)
Children in Foster Care	397	(2)
Factors Affecting Duration of Foster Care	399	(2)
Siblings in Foster Care	401	(1)
Summary	402	(1)
References	402	(3)
Alternatives for Child Care and Early Education	405	(29)
Need for Early Care and Education	406	(1)
Selecting Alternative Care	407	(1)
Types of Early Care and Education	408	(5)
Caregiver in the Home	408	(1)
Family Child-Care Homes	408	(4)
Center-Based Care and Education	412	(1)
Infant Care	413	(2)
School-Age Children in Self Care	415	(6)
Readiness for Self Care	415	(1)
Effects of Self Care	416	(2)
Families of Children in Self Care	418	(1)
Support for Children in Self Care	419	(1)
After-School Programs	420	(1)
Quality Early Care and Education	421	(4)
Help for Parents	424	(1)
Effects of Early Care and Education	425	(3)
Effects on Cognitive Development	425	(1)
Effects on Emotional Development	426	(1)
Effects on Social Development	427	(1)
Parental Satisfaction with Child Care	428	(1)
In the Future	428	(1)
Research Needs	429	(1)
Other Preschool Programs	429	(1)
Summary	430	(1)
References	431	(3)
Author Index	434	(11)
Subject Index	445