Perspectives from the Past : Primary Sources in Western Civilizations - From the Ancient near East Through the Age of Absolutism

by Brophy, James M.; Epstein, Steven; Nilan, Cat; Robertson, John; Safley, Thomas Max

• ISBN13: 9780393978223
• ISBN10: 0393978222
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-01
• Publisher: W W Norton & Co Inc

Summary

From the ancient near east to contemporary times, Perspectives from the Past offers a rich variety of sources both familiar and fresh. The reader contains excerpts from classic texts by Plato, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Descartes, Marx, and Mill and includes substantive representation of women writers, such as Anna Comnena, Hildegard of Bingen, Madame Roland, Flora Tristan, Emmeline Pankurst, Vera Brittain, and Elizabeth Robbins. Perspectives from the Past offers a wide selection of readings from all regions of Europe, including Venetian ambassadors reports; excerpts from Mickiewics Books of a Polish Nation and Its Pilgrimage; Czar Alexander IIs Edict of Emancipation of 1861 freeing the serfs; the Constitution of the Black Hand, the Serbian nationalist group instrumental in the assasination of Archduke Ferdinand; and In Search of Splendor, Constance de la Moras account of the Spanish Civil War. Also included are non-European writers whose works have made an impact on Western thought, among them Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Battutah, Luiz Vaz de Camoes, Bernal Diaz del Castillo, and Mahatma Gandhi.

Table of Contents

Preface for Instructors	xvii
Preface for Students	xxi
Where to Begin?	xxvi
Commerce, Conquest, and Colonization 1300-1600	1	(45)
William of Rubruck From On the Mongols	3	(7)
The Travels	10	(5)
Ibn Battuta
Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks	15	(6)
Doukas
History of the House of Osman	21	(2)
Asikpasazade
``The Tale of the White Cowl'': A Russian Tale	23	(5)
Voyage to Africa	28	(5)
Alvise Da Mosto
Letter on His First Voyage	33	(1)
Christopher Columbus
Sapi-Portuguese Salt Cellar (c. 1500)	34	(5)
``The Letter Which the King, Our Lord, Wrote to the King and Queen of Castile, His Kin, Concerning the News of India''	39	(1)
Manuel I
Conquest of Mexico, Florentine Codex (c. 1555)	40	(6)
The Civilization of the Renaissance, c.1350-1550	46	(40)
I Lihrt della Famiglia	47	(5)
Leon Battista Alberti
The Autobiography	52	(3)
Benvenuto Cellini
The Lives of the Artists	55	(4)
Giorgio Vassari
The Notebooks	59	(3)
Leonardo Da Vinci
The Book of the Courtier	62	(1)
Baldesar Castiglione
Last Supper (1498)	63	(5)
Portrait of Pope Leo X and Two Cardinals (1518)	68	(1)
``Oration on the Dignity of Man''	69	(2)
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
The Prince	71	(4)
Niccolo Machiavelli
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam From Ten Colloquies	75	(5)
Utopia	80	(6)
Sir Thomas More
The Protestant Reformation	86	(41)
A Venetian Ambassador's Report on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre	87	(2)
Giovanni Michiel
The Spiritual Exercises	89	(3)
St. Ignatius of Loyola
The Trial of Klaus Hottinger of Zurich: Iconoclasm	92	(3)
St. Teresa of Avila From The Life of Teresa of Jesus	95	(2)
The Twelve Articles of the Peasants of Swabia	97	(1)
Sebastian Lotzer T
The Ecstasy of St. Teresa (1652)	98	(4)
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent	102	(7)
Draft Ecclesiastical Ordinances, September and October 1541	109	(5)
John Calvin
``Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation''	114	(5)
Martin Luther
``Statement of Grievances,'' Diet of Worms 1521	119	(1)
The Godly Mill (1521)	120	(5)
The Oath of Allegiance	125	(2)
Religious Wars and State Building 1540-1660	127	(52)
On Sovereignty	128	(6)
Jean Bodin
``Instructions of the Magistracy of Health in Florence for Justices in the Countryside''	134	(1)
The Surrender of Breda (1635)	135	(3)
A Venetian Ambassador's Report on Spain	138	(3)
Gianfrancesco Morosini
Discoverie of Witchcraft	141	(7)
Reginald Scot
Pensees	148	(3)
Blaise Pascal
``The First Anniversarie''	151	(3)
John Donne
Hans Jakob Christoph von Grimmelshausen	154	(6)
Simplicissimus
Leviathan	160	(6)
Thomas Hobbes
``It Is Folly to Measure the True and False by Our Own Capacity''	166	(3)
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
``Of Cannibals''	169	(5)
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
A Voyage into the Levant	174	(1)
Henry Blount
The Plundering and Burning of a Village, a Hanging, and Peasants Avenge Themselves (1633)	175	(4)
The Economy and Society of Early Modern Europe	179	(55)
A Venetian Ambassador's Report on the Ottoman Empire	181	(2)
Lorenzo Bernardo
Discourse on England's Treasure by Forraign Trade	183	(5)
Thomas Mun
The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild (1632)	188	(1)
The Citizen Who Apes the Nobleman	189	(5)
Jean Baptiste Poquelin (Moliere)
Patriarcha	194	(1)
Robert Filmer
The Meeting in Lyons (1625)	195	(5)
A Memorandum 1669, AND A Memorandum 1670	200	(3)
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Reflections on the Accumulation and Distribution of Wealth	203	(7)
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
Of Domesticall Duties	210	(1)
William Goudge
Marquis de Vauban and Cure of Rumegies	210	(4)
A Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies	214	(3)
Abbe Guillaume-Thomas Raynal
The Wealth of Nations	217	(9)
Adam Smith
The Diary	226	(4)
Samuel Pepys
Coffee House Society	230	(4)
The Age of Absolutism 1660-1789	234	(37)
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes	235	(3)
Louis XIV
Duc de Saint-Simon
Two Treatises on Government	238	(1)
John Locke
Palace and Gardens of Versailles (1668)	239	(10)
Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture	249	(6)
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
Las Meninas (1656)	255	(1)
Historical Memoirs	256	(6)
Duc de Saint-Simon
Antimachiavell	262	(4)
Frederick II
On the Law of War and Peace	266	(5)
Hugo Grotius
The Scientific Revolution	271	(40)
The Great Instauration	272	(5)
Francis Bacon
The Starry Messenger and The Assayer	277	(1)
Galileo Galilei
The Human Body (1543)	278	(4)
Pensees	282	(4)
Blaise Pascal
Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy	286	(4)
Rene Descartes
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy	290	(3)
Isaac Newton
Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs	293	(7)
Nicolaus Copernicus
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt From Personal Narrative	300	(7)
A Defense of the Royal Society	307	(1)
John Wallis
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (1632)	308	(3)
The Enlightenment	311	(66)
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding	312	(4)
John Locke
Systeme Figure Des Connoissances Humaines (1751)	316	(1)
Letters Concerning the English Nation	317	(7)
Voltaire
The Spirit of the Laws	324	(6)
Baron de La Brede Et de Montesquieu
``What Is Enlightenment?''	330	(4)
Immanuel Kant
A Treatise of Human Nature	334	(4)
David Hume
Women's Role in the Enlightenment	338	(4)
Sketch for a Historical Picture on the Progress of the Human Mind	342	(8)
Marquis de Condorcet
The Social Contract	350	(10)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Emile	360	(5)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A Vindication of the Rights of Women	365	(4)
Mary Wollstonecraft
The Mall (1783)	369	(1)
Cesare, Marchese di Beccaria Bonesana From An Essay on Crimes and Punishments	370	(7)
The French Revolution	377	(42)
Travels in France During the Years 1787, 1788, 1789	378	(3)
Arthur Young
The Declaration of Independence	381	(3)
Thomas Jefferson
What Is the Third Estate?	384	(3)
Abbe Emmanuel Sieyes
Third Estate of Dourdan From Grievance Petitions	387	(3)
National Assembly From The Tennis Court Oath	390	(1)
National Assembly From Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	391	(1)
Tennis Court Oath (1792)	392	(2)
National Convention From Levee en Masse Edict	394	(1)
National Convention From The Law of Suspects	395	(2)
Declaration of the Rights of Woman	397	(3)
Olympe de Gouges
National Convention From Dissolution of Clubs and Popular Societies of Women	400	(3)
Opposing Views of the Revolution: Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine	403	(5)
The Prelude	408	(7)
William Wordsworth
Gloire Nationale Napoleon	415
Chronicle of the French Occupation 1798	410	(6)
Al-Jabarti
The Code Napoleon	416	(3)
The Industrial Revolution	419	(35)
The Wealth of Nations	420	(5)
Adam Smith
The Philosophy of Manufactures	425	(1)
Andrew Ure
Power Looms in a British Cotton Factory (1830)	426	(3)
An Essay on the Principle of Population	429	(3)
Thomas Malthus
Letter to the Duke of Wellington on the Subject of West India Slavery	432	(6)
A Jamaica Proprietor
National System of Political Economy	438	(4)
Friedrich List
Rules of a Factory in Berlin	442	(2)
``The Incoherence and Disorder of Industry''	444	(1)
Comte de Saint-Simon
The Crystal Palace (1851)	445	(2)
A New View of Society	447	(2)
Robert Owen
``Estranged Labour''	449	(5)
Karl Marx
Consequences of Industrialization: Urbanization and Class Consciousness 1800-1850	454	(40)
An Address by a Journeyman Cotton Spinner	456	(2)
Anonymous
The Life & History of Captain Swing, the Kent Rick Burner, Written by Himself	458	(5)
Anonymous
``Yorkshire Slavery''	463	(2)
Richard Oastler
Prostitution in London, with a Comparative View of That of Paris and New York	465	(6)
Michael Ryan
Satanic Mills, Manchester, England (1851)	471	(1)
The Condition of the Working Class in England	472	(3)
Friedrich Engels
History of Ten Years 1830-1840	475	(2)
Louis Blanc
The People's Charter and National Petition	477	(3)
Francis Place
``The Silesian Weavers''	480	(1)
Heinrich Heine
Manifesto of the Communist Party	481	(5)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
London Nomades (1877)	486	(1)
Thrift	487	(2)
Sam Smiles
The Book of Household Management	489	(3)
Isabella Beeton
Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character	492	(2)
Elizabeth Poole Sanford
Revolution and Liberal Reform 1815-1870	494	(37)
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman	495	(4)
Mary Wollstonecraft
The Principles of Politics	499	(2)
Benjamin Constant
Democracy in America	501	(1)
Alexis de Tocqueville
The Newspaper Reader in the Tavern (1835)	502	(4)
Letter to Neuman in London, Vienna 24 June 1832	506	(3)
Klemens von Metternich
Satire of Liberal Reforms (1833)	509	(1)
An Appeal to the Religion, Justice, Humanity of the Inhabitants of the British Empire, in Behalf of the Negro Slaves in the West Indies	510	(3)
William Wilberforce
Speech on Corn Laws	513	(3)
W. J. Fox
On Liberty	516	(4)
John Stuart Mill
Manifesto Emancipating the Serfs	520	(3)
Alexander II
The State Must Be Secular and Letter to Teachers	523	(2)
Jules Ferry
Rerum Novarum	525	(6)
Pope Leo XIII
Revolution, Nationalism, and Nation Building 1815-1870	531	(34)
Reflections on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind	533	(3)
Johann Gottfried Herder
Addresses to the German Nation	536	(3)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
``On This Day I Complete My Thirty-sixth Year''	539	(2)
Lord Byron
Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1826)	541	(1)
The Books of the Polish Nation	542	(2)
Adam Mickiewicz
The Life	544	(4)
Frederick Douglass
To the Serbs: An Epistle from Moscow	548	(2)
Alexei Stepanovich Khomyakov
Duties of Man	550	(4)
Giuseppe Mazzini
The Memoirs	554	(2)
Otto von Bismarck
What Is a Nation?	556	(1)
Ernest Renan
Battle of Nations Monument in Leipzig (1913)	557	(4)
Jewish France	561	(4)
Edouard Drumont
Imperialism and Colonialism 1870-1914	565	(37)
``A Voice for Ireland''	566	(6)
Isaac Butt
Cambridge Speech Of 1857	572	(3)
David Livingstone
Travels of a Moroccan Scholar in France in 1845-46	575	(3)
Muhammed As-Safsar
The Complete Indian Housekeeper & Cook	578	(2)
F. A. Steel
G. Gardiner
Nathaniel Curzon Indian Art Exhibition at Delhi Speech	580	(3)
Lord George
The Diary of a Turk	583	(1)
Halil Halid
Obalisque with Slave (1839)	584	(3)
Does Germany Need Colonies?	587	(2)
Friedrich Fabri
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century	589	(2)
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
``The White Man's Burden''	591	(1)
Rudyard Kipling
``Lightening the White Man's Burden'' (1899)	592	(1)
The Black Man's Burden	593	(5)
Edmund D. Morel
Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism	598	(4)
Vladimir Lenin
The Challenge of the Modern West	602	(47)
The Ladies' Paradise	604	(3)
Emile Zola
The Principles of Scientific Management	607	(4)
Frederick W. Taylor
Made in Germany	611	(4)
Ernest Edwin Williams
Evolutionary Socialism	615	(3)
Eduard Bernstein
Our Programme	618	(3)
Vladimir Lenin
``Women's Work and the Organization of Trade Unions''	621	(3)
Clara Zetkin
Reflections on Violence	624	(4)
Georges Sorel
``The Prevention of Hunger Strikes''	628	(1)
The Why We Are Militant Speech	629	(3)
Emmeline Pankhurst
A Doll's House	632	(4)
Henrik Issen
``Man is But a Worm'' (1881)	636	(1)
The Origin of Species	637	(4)
Charles Darwin
The Genealogy of Morals	641	(3)
Friedrich Nietzsche
Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis	644	(5)
Sigmund Freud
The First World War	649	(35)
The Trench Poets of the First World War	650	(3)
Battle Of Verdun (1916)	653	(1)
Under Fire: The Story of a Squad	654	(3)
Henri Barsusse
The Storm of Steel: From the Diary of a German Storm-Troop Officer on the Western Front	657	(4)
Ernst Junger
On the Russian Front	661	(3)
R. Scott
Liddell
Confessions of a Concierge	664	(3)
Bonnie Smith
Testament of Youth	667	(4)
Vera Brittain
The Versailles Treaty	671	(1)
War Propaganda (1917)	672	(7)
The Economic Consequences of the Peace	679	(5)
John Maynard Keynes
Turmoil Between the Wars	684	(35)
Ten Days That Shook the World	685	(4)
John Reed
October (1927)	689	(1)
The Autobiography of a Sexually Emancipated Communist Woman	690	(3)
Alexandra Kollontai
Hope Against Hope	693	(3)
Nadezhda Mandelstam
``Born of a Need for Action''	696	(4)
Benito Mussolini
Mein Kampf	700	(5)
Adolf Hitler
The Road to Wigan Pier	705	(3)
George Orwell
Civilization and Its Discontents	708	(3)
Sigmund Freud
Science and Religion	711	(4)
Albert Einstein
The Journalist Sylvia von Harden (1927)	715	(1)
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	716	(3)
T. S. Eliot
The Second World War	719	(40)
In Place of Splendor: The Autobiography of a Spanish Woman	720	(4)
Constancia de la Mora
Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union	724	(2)
Strange Defeat	726	(4)
Marc Bloch
Wars Are Not Won by Evacuation	730	(3)
Winston Churchill
Women and Children Last: A Woman Reporter's Account of the Battle of Britain	733	(1)
Hilde Marchant
The Bombing of Dresden	734	(3)
``In the Line of the Main Attack''	737	(4)
Vassily Grossman
The Jewish Resistance in France 1940-1944	741	(2)
Anny Latour
Map of Einsatzgruppen Massacres (1941-42)	743	(1)
``This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen''	744	(4)
Tadeusz Borowski
Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals	748	(4)
A Child's Experience: My Experience of the Atomic Bomb	752	(4)
Tadataka Kuribayashi
Charter of the United Nations	756	(3)
Cold War Politics, Economic Boom, and Cultural Change	759	(37)
``The Sinews of Peace''	760	(2)
Winston Churchill
The Marshall Plan Speech	762	(3)
George C. Marshall
Hungarian Uprising, Budapest (23 October 1956)	765	(1)
``On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences''	766	(4)
Nikita Khrushchev
French Students and Workers Unite in Protest	770	(1)
Student Uprising in Paris (May 1968)	771	(3)
Speech to the Conservative Party Conference	774	(4)
Margaret Thatcher
The Promise of Solidarity: Inside the Polish Workers' Struggle 1980-82	778	(4)
Jean-Yves Potel
``On Restructuring the Party's Personnel Policy''	782	(5)
Mikhail Gorbachev
Treaty on European Union	787	(3)
The Second Sex	790	(3)
Simone de Beauvoir
The Coca-Colonization and the Cold War	793	(3)
Reinhold Wagnleitner
Problems of World Civilization	796	(41)
The Essential Writings	797	(4)
Mahatma Gandhi
The Wretched of the Earth	801	(1)
Frantz Fanon
Gandhi at Spinning Wheel	802	(3)
Islamic Government	805	(3)
Ruhollah Khomeini
``The New Education in the New Nicaragua''	808	(3)
Tomas Borge
``I Am Still Alive''	811	(3)
Chai Ling
The United Nations From Global Outlook 2000	814	(4)
The New Untouchables: Immigration and the New World Worker	818	(3)
Nigel Harris
Desert Capitalism	821	(3)
Kathryn Kopinak
The United Nations From Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women	824	(4)
``Chernobyl Poems''	828	(1)
Lyubov Sirota
Nuclear Disaster at Chernobyl (1986)	829	(3)
``Computer Networks and the Emergence of Global Civil Society''	832	(5)
Howard H. Frederick
Credits	837