Physiological Bases of Sports Performance

by Hargreaves, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780074711019
• ISBN10: 0074711016
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-12-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill

Summary

Physiological Bases of Sports Performance takes an in-depth look at how the body responds to high physical activity in exercise and sport, and how to enhance performance through a variety of physiological techniques, such as training, nutrition and ergogenic aids. The book covers the basic elements of physiology and explains the effects of sport on those areas. The second section on improving sport performance provides a practical angle that will be useful for sports coaches and athletes.Contributors of this book include leading names involved in sports physiology from around the world, many of whom are well published and have contributed to our two key sports titles, Clinical Sports Medicine and Clinical Sports Nutrition. McGraw-Hill has a well-established list of sports medicine titles and this book reinforces our profile in this area.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. v
Introduction	p. 1
Fundamental principles of sports performance	p. 1
Performance power output/speed	p. 3
Exercise and Sports Physiology
Skeletal muscle	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Function and structure of skeletal muscle	p. 9
Muscle force and power	p. 11
Classification of muscle fibre types	p. 13
Motor unit recruitment	p. 16
Fibre type and performance	p. 17
The influence of training on skeletal muscle	p. 20
Summary	p. 22
Exercise metabolism: fuels for sport	p. 27
Metabolism during high-intensity exercise	p. 27
Metabolism during endurance exercise	p. 29
Factors influencing exercise metabolism	p. 38
Summary	p. 40
Oxygen transport system	p. 46
Respiratory responses to exercise	p. 47
Cardiovascular responses to exercise	p. 49
Maximal oxygen uptake	p. 53
Summary	p. 55
Thermoregulation and fluid balance	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Temperature regulation in exercise	p. 60
Sweating: water and electrolyte losses	p. 63
Sweat loss: effects on exercise performance	p. 65
Control of water and electrolyte balance	p. 67
Fluid intake: thirst	p. 68
Fluid and electrolyte replacement during exercise	p. 69
Pre-exercise hydration	p. 73
Post-exercise rehydration	p. 73
Mechanisms of muscle fatigue	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Definitions and manifestations of fatigue	p. 80
Existence of both central and peripheral fatigue	p. 82
Impaired muscle membrane excitability and ionic disturbances	p. 85
Failure of excitation--contraction coupling (ECC) in fatigue	p. 90
Metabolism is intricately involved in muscle fatigue	p. 97
Conclusion	p. 101
Overtraining	p. 108
Introduction	p. 108
The overtraining syndrome	p. 109
Training and recovery to avoid overtraining	p. 110
Types of overtraining	p. 112
Diagnosis of overtraining	p. 116
Can recovery be accelerated?	p. 118
Treatment of overtraining	p. 118
Final considerations	p. 119
Factors Influencing Sports Performance
Training for enhancement of sports performance	p. 125
Introduction and historical development of training practices	p. 125
The objectives of physical training	p. 127
The scientific principles of training	p. 128
The training stimulus and the training response	p. 129
Classification of different sport activities	p. 132
Current training practices of athletes	p. 133
Planning a training program	p. 135
Constructing a training program: the periodisation of training	p. 136
Evaluation of training methods	p. 145
Nutrition for training and competition	p. 152
Introduction	p. 152
Energy needs of the athlete	p. 154
Achieving optimal physique	p. 157
Meeting requirements for protein and micronutrients	p. 160
Acute nutrition strategies for competition	p. 164
Fuelling up before an event	p. 165
The pre-event meal	p. 168
Fluid and CHO during the event	p. 172
Post-exercise recovery	p. 174
Summary	p. 177
Sports supplements and sports foods	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
Sports foods and supplements	p. 184
Balancing the use of sports foods and supplements	p. 187
A system for managing the use of supplement and sports foods by athletes	p. 191
Valuable sports foods and supplements	p. 194
Summary	p. 243
Exercise in the heat	p. 254
Introduction	p. 254
Cardiovascular alterations during exercise and heat stress: new perspectives	p. 254
Metabolic alterations during exercise and heat stress	p. 256
Limits to exercise performance in the heat	p. 263
Preparation for exercise in the heat	p. 265
What is the best nutritional preparation for exercise in a hot environment?	p. 267
Summary	p. 270
Exercise at altitude: physiological responses and limitations	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
The high altitude environment	p. 278
Physiological responses to altitude	p. 279
Performance	p. 287
Conclusion	p. 293
Gender differences in sport	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
Morphological differences	p. 299
Cardiovascular differences	p. 302
Muscle morphology and histology	p. 303
Metabolism and substrate use	p. 305
Muscle fatigue and endurance	p. 307
Exercising when oestrogens are high: an advantage?	p. 311
Could women outperform men?	p. 311
Conclusion	p. 313
Index	p. 319
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