Political Ideologies: Their Origins and Impact

by Baradat, Leon P.

• ISBN13: 9780130208880
• ISBN10: 0130208884
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-07-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

For freshman/senior-level courses in Introduction to Political Science, Political Theory, Comparative Government, History of Intellectual Development and International Politics. Using a chronological organization and keeping the student in mind, this text explains the evolution of political thought over the past three centuries and describes political ideologies in the context of the social, economic and political circumstances in which they developed. It provides students with a complete understanding of political ideologies and how these concepts relate to the students' own lives.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
A Note to the Student	p. xii
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Ideology	p. 1
Preview	p. 1
The Development of Ideology	p. 1
The Source of Ideology	p. 2
Ideology Defined	p. 6
The Origin of the Term	p. 6
Contemporary Definitions	p. 7
Questions for Discussion	p. 10
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 10
The Spectrum of Political Attitudes	p. 12
Preview	p. 12
Understanding the Spectrum	p. 13
Change, or Policy Options	p. 14
Radical	p. 17
Liberal	p. 19
Moderate	p. 21
Conservative	p. 22
Reactionary	p. 27
Values, or Philosophy	p. 28
Motivation	p. 33
Specific Policies	p. 34
Foreign Policy	p. 34
Domestic Policy	p. 36
Questions for Discussion	p. 40
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 40
Nationalism	p. 42
Preview	p. 42
The Importance of Nationalism	p. 43
Nation and State	p. 43
Theories of the Origin of the State	p. 47
The History of Nationalism	p. 52
The Theory of Nationalism	p. 55
Questions for Discussion	p. 60
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 60
The Evolution of Democratic Theory	p. 61
Preview	p. 61
The Meaning of Democracy	p. 62
The Early History of Democracy	p. 63
The Social Contract	p. 64
Later Social Contract Philosophers	p. 65
Thomas Hobbes	p. 66
John Locke	p. 67
Jean Jacques Rousseau	p. 74
Questions for Discussion	p. 78
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 78
Liberal Democracy, Capitalism, and Beyond	p. 80
Preview	p. 80
Capitalism	p. 81
Adam Smith	p. 81
Neoclassical Liberal Democratic Theory	p. 87
Edmund Burke	p. 88
James Madison	p. 91
Jefferson's Alternative	p. 96
The Emergence of Social Democratic Liberalism	p. 99
Utilitarianism and Positivist Law	p. 99
Democratic Socialism	p. 101
Questions for Discussion	p. 105
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 106
The Liberal Democratic Process	p. 107
Preview	p. 107
Processes of Democracy	p. 108
Democracy and the Legislative Process	p. 108
Elite Theorism	p. 113
Systems of Government	p. 115
The American System	p. 115
The British System	p. 118
Elections	p. 122
Electoral Districts	p. 122
Political Party Structures	p. 125
Representation	p. 127
Theories of Representation	p. 128
Some Criticisms of Democracy	p. 128
Questions for Discussion	p. 129
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 130
Anarchism	p. 131
Preview	p. 131
Development of Anarchism	p. 131
Definition of Anarchism	p. 132
Particular Theories of Anarchism	p. 135
The Pacifists	p. 136
The Revolutionaries	p. 140
Individualist Anarchists	p. 144
Militant Civilian Militias	p. 145
Questions for Discussion	p. 147
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 147
Socialist Theory	p. 148
Preview	p. 148
The Development of Socialism	p. 149
Communism and Socialism	p. 150
The Meaning of Socialism	p. 151
Ownership of Production	p. 151
The Welfare State	p. 153
The Socialist Intent	p. 155
The History of Socialism	p. 156
From the French Revolution to Marx	p. 156
Marxism	p. 161
The Basic Principles of Marxism	p. 162
Marxist Sociological Theory	p. 163
Marxist Historical Theory	p. 166
Marxist Economic Theory	p. 169
Marxist Theory of Revolution	p. 172
The Marxist Political System	p. 174
Internationalism	p. 175
Questions for Discussion	p. 176
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 176
Applied Socialism	p. 177
Preview	p. 177
Socialism after Marx	p. 178
Orthodox Marxism	p. 178
Revisionism	p. 178
Marxism-Leninism	p. 180
The Soviet Union and Russia	p. 185
Lenin's and Stalin's Policies	p. 185
Soviet Atrophy	p. 187
China	p. 189
The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution	p. 190
The Political Stage of the Revolution	p. 192
The Principles of Maoism	p. 196
Cuba	p. 200
The Cuban Revolution	p. 200
Fidelismo	p. 205
The Re-emergence of Socialism	p. 207
Questions for Discussion	p. 209
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 209
Fascism and National Socialism	p. 211
Preview	p. 211
The Failure of Democracy and Capitalism	p. 212
The Development of Fascism and National Socialism	p. 212
Mussolini	p. 213
Hitler	p. 216
Fascist and Nazi Ideologies	p. 218
Irrationalism	p. 219
Racism	p. 223
Totalitarianism	p. 226
Elitism	p. 228
The Corporate State	p. 230
Imperialism	p. 230
Militarism	p. 232
Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements	p. 233
Right-Wing Extremism in the United States	p. 234
Questions for Discussion	p. 242
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 243
Ideologies in the Developing World	p. 244
Preview	p. 244
Developing World Defined	p. 245
Politics of the Developing World	p. 246
Economics of the Developing World	p. 252
Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships	p. 259
Terrorism	p. 261
Guided Democracies	p. 263
Questions for Discussion	p. 264
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 264
Feminism and Ecologism/Environmentalism	p. 266
Preview	p. 266
Feminism	p. 267
Sexism Is Endemic	p. 268
The History of Feminism	p. 271
Feminist Thought	p. 274
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