Power and Choice : An Introduction to Political Science

by Shively

• ISBN13: 9780072322521
• ISBN10: 0072322527
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: MCG

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Acknowledgments	x
PART I INTRODUCTION
Politics: Setting the Stage	2	(16)
Politics	3	(1)
Politics As The Making Of Common Decisions	4	(1)
Politics As The Exercise Of Power	5	(1)
Implicit And Manifest Power	6	(3)
Politics And Power	9	(1)
Power And Choice	9	(3)
Politics Of The State	12	(1)
Political Science	13	(2)
The Pleasures Of Politics	15	(3)
Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy	18	(20)
American Ideologies	19	(2)
Liberalism	21	(2)
The Conservative Reaction	23	(3)
The Socialist Alternative	26	(4)
Communism and Socialism	30	(1)
Fascism	31	(1)
The Great Ideologies In The Late Twentieth Century	32	(1)
Political Philosophy In Other Historical Eras	33	(5)
PART II THE STATE AND PUBLIC POLICY
The Modern State	38	(28)
The Development of The Modern State	40	(2)
The Origin Of States	42	(2)
``State,'' ``Nation,'' And The ``Nation-State''	44	(5)
Government And The State	49	(2)
Challenges To The State	51	(2)
Are States Losing Their Ability To Make Economic Policy?	53	(2)
Some Possible Alternatives	55	(1)
The West, The East, And The South	56	(10)
Example: State Building in Nigeria	58	(3)
Example: State Building in the European Union	61	(5)
Policies of the State	66	(23)
What Do Governments Do?	70	(3)
Defense Policy	73	(2)
Education	75	(1)
Research And Development	76	(2)
Health And Social Welfare	78	(2)
Democracy And Public Policy	80	(1)
The Place Of Power In Policy Analysis	81	(8)
Example: Norway's Program to Encourage Norwegian-Language Publications	81	(1)
Example: Economic Development Compared with ``Human Development''	82	(2)
Example: Effectiveness of Educational Policies	84	(5)
Political Economy of the State	89	(29)
Political Economy	90	(1)
Economic Policy I: Economic Growth	91	(6)
Economic Policy II: Controlling Inflation And Unemployment	97	(4)
Economic Policy III: Managing Distribution To Address Inequality	101	(2)
Independent Central Banks	103	(2)
Corruption	105	(4)
Conclusion	109	(9)
Example: Political Economy of Germany	110	(3)
Example: Political Economy of Indonesia	113	(5)
Political Choices: The Problems of Fairness and Efficiency	118	(20)
Fairness And The Problem Of Justice	119	(2)
Other Aspects Of Fairness	121	(3)
Efficiency	124	(2)
Modes Of Decision: Incremental Versus Radical	126	(1)
Modes Of Decision: Authority Versus The Market	127	(6)
Conclusion	133	(5)
Example: Political Choice	133	(5)
PART III THE CITIZEN AND THE REGIME
Authority and Legitimacy: The State and the Citizen	138	(22)
Legitimacy and Authority	140	(1)
Sources Of Legitimacy	140	(3)
The ``Democratic Citizen''	143	(1)
How Well Are These Requirements Met?	144	(5)
Social Capital	149	(1)
Political Culture	150	(1)
Political Socialization	151	(9)
Example: Building Authority and Legitimacy in West Germany After World War II	153	(3)
Example: Declining Democratic Legitimacy in the United States	156	(4)
Democracy and Its Recent Surge in the World	160	(16)
The Wave Of Democratization In The 1980s And 1990s	161	(1)
Possible Explanations	162	(2)
The End Of History?	164	(1)
What Have We Learned?	165	(11)
Example: Democratization in Spain	170	(1)
Example: Fragile Democratization in Peru	171	(5)
Autocratic Government	176	(18)
Military Government	178	(3)
Why Aren't There More Military Governments?	181	(1)
One-Party States	182	(1)
``Court'' Politics	183	(1)
``Power and Choice'' Again	184	(1)
Conclusion	185	(9)
Example: Civilian Participation in Nigeria's First Military Regime	185	(2)
Example: ``Court'' Politics in Nazi Germany	187	(7)
PART IV THE APPARATUS OF GOVERNANCE
Constitutions and the Design of Government	194	(19)
Variations in Formality	195	(1)
The Virtue Of Vagueness	195	(1)
Other Principles Of Constitutional Design	196	(4)
The Geographic Concentration of Power	200	(1)
``Federal'' And ``Unitary'' States	201	(2)
The Distinction Between ``Unitary'' And ``Centralized'' States	203	(1)
How Much Centralization Is Good?	204	(1)
``Constitutionalism''	205	(8)
Example: Constitutional Government in Great Britain	207	(3)
Example: Constitutional Government in Russia	210	(3)
Elections	213	(21)
Elections As A Means Of Building Support	214	(3)
Elections As A Means Of Selecting Leaders And Policies	217	(1)
Electoral Systems	217	(5)
Referendums	222	(1)
Electoral Participation	222	(2)
The Paradox Of Participation	224	(2)
The Bases Of Individuals' Electoral Choices	226	(8)
Example: Proportional Representation Elections in Israel	229	(1)
Example: Elections in Nigeria	230	(4)
Parties: A Linking and Leading Mechanism in Politics	234	(24)
The Political Party	234	(1)
Origins Of The Modern Party	235	(2)
Political Parties And The Mobilization Of The Masses	237	(1)
Political Parties And The Recruitment And Socialization Of Leaders	237	(2)
Political Parties As A Source Of Political Identity	239	(2)
Political Parties As A Channel Of Control	241	(2)
Party Organization	243	(2)
Party Finance	245	(2)
Political Party Systems	247	(4)
Conclusion	251	(7)
Example: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917-1991)	251	(3)
Example: Mexico's Dominant Party System	254	(4)
Structured Conflict: Interest Groups and Politics	258	(27)
Interest Groups And Representation	260	(6)
Types Of Interest Groups	266	(2)
Tactics Of Interest Groups	268	(4)
Social Movements	272	(2)
Patterns Of Organized Interest-Group Activity	274	(1)
Pluralism	275	(1)
Neocorporatism	275	(2)
Power And Choice	277	(8)
Example: Interest Groups in France	278	(2)
Example: Interest Groups in Japan: Attenuated Neocorporatism	280	(5)
National Decision-Making Institutions: Parliamentary Government	285	(19)
Cabinet Control	287	(1)
What Does A Parliament Do?	288	(3)
The Life Of A Member Of Parliament	291	(1)
Parliamentary Committees	292	(1)
Exceptions To Parliamentary Supremacy	293	(1)
Parliaments In Autocratic Systems	294	(1)
Conclusion	295	(9)
Example: Parliamentary Government in India	296	(3)
Example: Parliamentary Government in Germany	299	(5)
National Decision-Making Institutions: Presidential Government	304	(21)
Presidential And Parliamentary Systems Compared	306	(1)
Governmental Responsibility	307	(1)
Presidential Systems And Comprehensive Policy	308	(1)
Recruitment Of Executive Leaders	308	(2)
Review And Control Of The Executive	310	(1)
The Split Executive Of Parliamentary Systems	311	(2)
Why Aren't All Democracies Parliamentary Systems?	313	(1)
Constitutional Review And The Fragmentation Of Power	314	(2)
A Note On Constitutions And Power	316	(9)
Example: Presidential Government in France	319	(2)
Example: Presidential Government in Mexico	321	(4)
Bureaucracy and the Public Sector	325	(17)
Public Administration As A Political Problem	326	(2)
Characteristics Of Good Public Administration	328	(1)
``Bureaucracy'': A Reform Of The Last Century	329	(1)
Bureaucracy Versus Flexibility	330	(1)
The Problem Of Protected Incompetence	331	(1)
Adjustments To Bureaucracy	332	(2)
Social Representativeness Of Public Administration	334	(1)
Conclusion	335	(7)
Example: The French Bureaucracy	335	(2)
Example: The Saudi Arabian Bureaucracy	337	(2)
Example: Battling the Bureaucracy in Brazil	339	(3)
Law and the Courts	342	(16)
Anglo-Saxon Case Law	343	(1)
Continental European Code Law	344	(1)
Religious Law: The Sharia	345	(2)
The Blending Of Case Law And Code Law	347	(1)
Courts	348	(10)
Example: The Law in China	351	(2)
Example: The European Court of Justice	353	(5)
PART V INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
Global Politics: Politics Among States (and Others)	358	(29)
The Evolution Of The International System Since World War II	358	(2)
The New World Order	360	(6)
International Politics	366	(1)
The Absence Of Central Authority	366	(2)
Fiduciary Political Roles And International Morality	368	(2)
Impediments To International Communication	370	(1)
Power And International Politics	370	(3)
The Process Of International Politics	373	(4)
Power And Choice in International Politics	377	(1)
Conclusion	378	(6)
Example: A Failure of the New World Order: Ethnic Conflict in Rwanda	379	(3)
Example: The United Nations	382	(2)
A Personal Note	384	(3)
Appendix: Principles of Political Analysis	387	(7)
Falsifiability	387	(1)
What Makes A Statement Interesting?	388	(1)
Causation And Explanation	389	(2)
Historical Explanation	391	(1)
A Few Common Pitfalls In Analysis	392	(2)
Glossary	394	(8)
Bibliography	402	(16)
Index	418