Pre-algebra, Grade 8

by Bennett, Stephen

• ISBN13: 9780030696091
• ISBN10: 0030696097
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: HB SCHOOL

Table of Contents

Problem Solving Plan	xviii
Problem Solving Strategies	xx
Algebra Toolbox
Chapter Project Career: Firefighter	2	(1)
Are You Ready?	3	(1)
Equations and Inequalities
Variables and Expressions	4	(4)
Problem Solving Skill: Write Algebraic Expressions	8	(5)
Solving Equations by Adding or Subtracting	13	(5)
Solving Equations by Multiplying or Dividing	18	(5)
Solving Simple Inequalities	23	(5)
Combining Like Terms	28	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Solve
Choose an operation: addition or subtraction	33	(1)
Graphing
Ordered Pairs	34	(4)
Graphing on a Coordinate Plane	38	(4)
Create a Table of Solutions	42	(1)
Interpreting Graphs and Tables	43	(5)
Problem Solving on Location: Illinois	48	(2)
Math-Ables: Math Magic/Crazy Cubes	50	(1)
Graph Points	51
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	32	(20)
Study Guide and Review	52	(3)
Test	55	(1)
Performance Assessment	56	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	57	(1)
Integers and Exponents
Chapter Project Career: Nuclear Physicist	58	(1)
Are You Ready?	59	(1)
Integers
Adding Integers	60	(4)
Subtracting Integers	64	(4)
Multiplying and Dividing Integers	68	(4)
Model Solving Equations	72	(2)
Solving Equations Containing Integers	74	(4)
Solving Inequalities Containing Integers	78	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Look Back
Is your answer reasonable?	83	(1)
Exponents and Scientific Notation
Exponents	84	(4)
Properties of Exponents	88	(4)
Problem Solving Skill: Look for a Pattern in Integer Exponents	92	(4)
Scientific Notation	96	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Michigan	100	(2)
Math-Ables: Magic Squares/Equation Bingo	102	(1)
Evaluate Expressions	103
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	82	(22)
Study Guide and Review	104	(3)
Test	107	(1)
Performance Assessment	108	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	109	(1)
Rational and Real Numbers
Chapter Project Career: Nutritionist	110	(1)
Are You Ready?	111	(1)
Rational Numbers and Operations
Rational Numbers	112	(5)
Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers	117	(4)
Multiplying Rational Numbers	121	(5)
Dividing Rational Numbers	126	(5)
Adding and Subtracting with Unlike Denominators	131	(4)
Explore Repeating Decimals	135	(1)
Solving Equations with Rational Numbers	136	(4)
Solving Inequalities with Rational Numbers	140	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Solve
Choose an operation	145	(1)
Real Numbers
Squares and Square Roots	146	(4)
Finding Square Roots	150	(4)
Explore Cubes and Cube Roots	154	(2)
The Real Numbers	156	(4)
Extension: Other Number Systems	160	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: New York	162	(2)
Math-Ables: Egyptian Fractions/Egg Fractions	164	(1)
Add and Subtract Fractions	165
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	144	(22)
Study Guide and Review	166	(3)
Test	169	(1)
Performance Assessment	170	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	171	(1)
Collecting, Displaying, and Analyzing Data
Chapter Project Career: Quality Assurance Specialist	172	(1)
Are You Ready?	173	(1)
Collecting and Describing Data
Samples and Surveys	174	(4)
Explore Sampling	178	(1)
Organizing Data	179	(5)
Measures of Central Tendency	184	(4)
Variability	188	(5)
Create Box-and-Whisker Plots	193	(2)
Focus on Problem Solving: Make a Plan
Identify whether you have too much/too little information	195	(1)
Displaying Data
Displaying Data	196	(4)
Misleading Graphs and Statistics	200	(4)
Scatter Plots	204	(4)
Extension: Average Deviation	208	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Indiana	210	(2)
Math-Ables: Distribution of Primes/Math in the Middle	212	(1)
Mean, Median, and Mode	213
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	194	(20)
Study Guide and Review	214	(3)
Test	217	(1)
Performance Assessment	218	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	219	(1)
Plane Geometry
Chapter Project Career: Playground Equipment Designer	220	(1)
Are You Ready?	221	(1)
Plane Figures
Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles	222	(5)
Basic Constructions	227	(1)
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines	228	(4)
Advanced Constructions	232	(2)
Triangles	234	(5)
Polygons	239	(5)
Coordinate Geometry	244	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Understand the Problem
Restate the problem in your own words	249	(1)
Patterns in Geometry
Congruence	250	(4)
Transformations	254	(4)
Combine Transformations	258	(1)
Symmetry	259	(4)
Tessellations	263	(5)
Problem Solving on Location: Maryland	268	(2)
Math-Ables: Coloring Tessellations/Polygon Rummy	270	(1)
Exterior Angles of a Polygon	271
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	248	(24)
Study Guide and Review	272	(3)
Test	275	(1)
Performance Assessment	276	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	277	(1)
Perimeter, Area, and Volume
Chapter Project Career: Surgeon	278	(1)
Are You Ready?	279	(1)
Perimeter and Area
Perimeter and Area of Rectangles and Parallelograms	280	(5)
Perimeter and Area of Triangles and Trapezoids	285	(4)
Explore Right Triangles	289	(1)
The Pythagorean Theorem	290	(4)
Circles	294	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Look Back
Does your solution answer the question?	299	(1)
Three-Dimensional Geometry
Patterns of Solid Figures	300	(2)
Drawing Three-Dimensional Figures	302	(5)
Volume of Prisms and Cylinders	307	(5)
Volume of Pyramids and Cones	312	(4)
Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders	316	(4)
Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones	320	(4)
Spheres	324	(4)
Extension: Symmetry in Three Dimensions	328	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Minnesota	330	(2)
Math-Ables: Planes in Space/Triple Concentration	332	(1)
Pythagorean Triples	333
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	298	(36)
Study Guide and Review	334	(3)
Test	337	(1)
Performance Assessment	338	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	339	(1)
Ratios and Similarity
Chapter Project Career: Horticulturist	340	(1)
Are You Ready?	341	(1)
Ratios, Rates and Proportions
Ratios and Proportions	342	(4)
Ratios, Rates, and Unit Rates	346	(4)
Problem Solving Skill: Analyze Units	350	(5)
Model Proportions	355	(1)
Solving Proportions	356	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Solve
Choose an operation: multiplication or division	361	(1)
Similarity and Scale
Dilations	362	(4)
Explore Similarity	366	(2)
Similar Figures	368	(4)
Scale Drawings	372	(4)
Scale Models	376	(4)
Make a Scale Model	380	(2)
Scaling Three-Dimensional Figures	382	(4)
Extension: Trigonometric Ratios	386	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Virginia	388	(2)
Math-Ables: Copy-Cat/Tic-Frac-Toe	390	(1)
Dilations of Geometric Figures	391
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	360	(32)
Study Guide and Review	392	(3)
Test	395	(1)
Performance Assessment	396	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	397	(1)
Percents
Chapter Project Career: Sports Statistician	398	(1)
Are You Ready?	399	(1)
Numbers and Percents
Relating Decimals, Fractions, and Percents	400	(4)
Make a Circle Graph	404	(1)
Finding Percents	405	(4)
Find Percent Error	409	(1)
Finding a Number When the Percent Is Known	410	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Make a Plan
Do you need an estimate or an exact answer?	415	(1)
Applying Percents
Percent Increase and Decrease	416	(4)
Estimating with Percents	420	(4)
Applications of Percents	424	(4)
More Applications of Percents	428	(4)
Extension: Compound Interest	432	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Pennsylvania	434	(2)
Math-Ables: Percent Puzzlers/Percent Tiles	436	(1)
Compute Compound Interest	437
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	414	(24)
Study Guide and Review	438	(3)
Test	441	(1)
Performance Assessment	442	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	443	(1)
Probability
Chapter Project Career: Cryptographer	444	(1)
Are You Ready?	445	(1)
Experimental Probability
Probability	446	(5)
Experimental Probability	451	(4)
Generate Random Numbers	455	(1)
Problem Solving Strategy: Use a Simulation	456	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Understand the Problem
Understand the words in the problem	461	(1)
Theoretical Probability and Counting
Theoretical Probability	462	(5)
The Fundamental Counting Principle	467	(4)
Permutations and Combinations	471	(5)
Pascal's Triangle	476	(1)
Independent and Dependent Events	477	(5)
Odds	482	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Ohio	486	(2)
Math-Ables: The Paper Chase/Permutations	488	(1)
Permutations and Combinations	489
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	460	(30)
Study Guide and Review	490	(3)
Test	493	(1)
Performance Assessment	494	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	495	(1)
More Equations and Inequalities
Chapter Project Career: Hydrologist	496	(1)
Are You Ready?	497	(1)
Solving Linear Equations
Solving Two-Step Equations	498	(4)
Solving Multistep Equations	502	(4)
Model Equations with Variables on Both Sides	506	(1)
Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides	507	(6)
Focus on Problem Solving: Make a Plan
Write an equation	513	(1)
Solving Equations and Inequalities
Solving Multistep Inequalities	514	(5)
Solving for a Variable	519	(4)
Systems of Equations	523	(5)
Problem Solving on Location: North Carolina	528	(2)
Math-Ables: Trans-Plants/24 Points	530	(1)
Solve Two-Step Equations by Graphing	531
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	512	(20)
Study Guide and Review	532	(3)
Test	535	(1)
Performance Assessment	536	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	537	(1)
Graphing Lines
Chapter Project Career: Wildlife Ecologist	538	(1)
Are You Ready?	539	(1)
Linear Equations
Graphing Linear Equations	540	(5)
Slope of a Line	545	(5)
Using Slopes and Intercepts	550	(5)
Graph Equations in Slope-Intercept Form	555	(1)
Point-Slope Form	556	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Understand the Problem
Identify important details in the problem	561	(1)
Linear Relationships
Direct Variation	562	(5)
Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables	567	(5)
Lines of Best Fit	572	(4)
Extension: Systems of Equations	576	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Missouri	578	(2)
Math-Ables: Graphing in Space/Line Solitaire	580	(1)
Graph Inequalities in Two Variables	581
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	560	(22)
Study Guide and Review	582	(3)
Test	585	(1)
Performance Assessment	586	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	587	(1)
Sequences and Functions
Chapter Project Career: Bacteriologist	588	(1)
Are You Ready?	589	(1)
Sequences
Arithmetic Sequences	590	(5)
Geometric Sequences	595	(5)
Fibonacci Sequence	600	(1)
Other Sequences	601	(6)
Focus on Problem Solving: Solve
Eliminate answer choices	607	(1)
Functions
Functions	608	(5)
Linear Functions	613	(4)
Exponential Functions	617	(4)
Quadratic Functions	621	(5)
Explore Cubic Functions	626	(2)
Inverse Variation	628	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Alabama	632	(2)
Math-Ables: Squared Away/What's Your Function?	634	(1)
Generate Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences	635
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	606	(30)
Study Guide and Review	636	(3)
Test	639	(1)
Performance Assessment	640	(1)
Cumulative Assessment: Standardized Test Prep	641	(1)
Polynomials
Chapter Project Career: Financial Analyst	642	(1)
Are You Ready?	643	(1)
Introduction to Polynomials
Polynomials	644	(4)
Model Polynomials	648	(2)
Simplifying Polynomials	650	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Look Back
Estimate to check that your answer is reasonable	655	(1)
Polynomial Operations
Adding Polynomials	656	(4)
Subtracting Polynomials	660	(4)
Multiplying Polynomials by Monomials	664	(4)
Multiply Binomials	668	(2)
Multiplying Binomials	670	(4)
Extension: Dividing Polynomials by Monomials	674	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: New York	676	(2)
Math-Ables: Short Cuts/Rolling For Tiles	678	(1)
Evaluate and Compare Polynomials	679
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	654	(26)
Study Guide and Review	680	(3)
Test	683	(1)
Performance Assessment	684	(1)
Standardized Test Prep	685	(1)
Set Theory and Discrete Math
Chapter Project Career: Computer Chip Designer	686	(1)
Are You Ready?	687	(1)
Set Theory
Sets	688	(4)
Intersection and Union	692	(4)
Venn Diagrams	696	(5)
Focus on Problem Solving: Make a Plan
Prioritize and sequence information	701	(1)
Logic and Discrete Math
Compound Statements	702	(4)
True and False Statements	706	(2)
Deductive Reasoning	708	(4)
Networks and Euler Circuits	712	(4)
Hamiltonian Circuits	716	(4)
Problem Solving on Location: Illinois	720	(2)
Math-Ables: Find the Phony!/Sprouts	722	(1)
Logic and Programs	723
Assessment
Mid-Chapter Quiz	700	(24)
Study Guide and Review	724	(3)
Test	727	(1)
Performance Assessment	728	(1)
Standardized Test Prep	729	(3)
Extra Practice	732	(28)
Skills Bank	760	(26)
Selected Answers	786	(24)
Glossary	810	(12)
Index	822