Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology

by Bledsoe, Bryan E.; Clayden, Dwayne E.

• ISBN13: 9780130259509
• ISBN10: 0130259500
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This pharmacology book and handy reference is a complete guide to the most common medications used in prehospital care. It reflects current trends in prehospital care and the most recent drug information. This revision will update the book to cover the current AHA guidelines for cardiac care and will be updated to include the most recent drug information available. Chapter topics include pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; administration of drugs; drug dosage calculations; fluids, electrolytes, and IV therapy; the automatic nervous system; drugs used in the treatment of emergencies: cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic-endocrine, neurological, obstetrical and gynecological, toxicological, behavioral, and gastrointestinal; and drugs used in pain management. For practicing paramedics.

Author Biography

Bryan E. Bledson, D.O., F.A.C.E.P., EMT-P: EMS Physician Midlothian, Texas and Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas Dwayne E. Clayden, M.E.M., EMT-P: Assistant to the Medical Director, City of Calgary Emergency Medical Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Table of Contents

Dedication	v
Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
About the Authors	xvii
Notices	xix
Precautions on Bloodborne Pathogens and Infectious Diseases	xxi
General Information	1	(23)
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(4)
Drug Research and Bringing a Drug to Market	5	(3)
FDA Classification of Newly Approved Drugs	8	(1)
New Drug Development	8	(2)
Unlabeled Uses of Drugs	10	(1)
Medical Oversight	11	(6)
Components of a Drug Profile	17	(4)
Important Pharmacological Terminology	21	(1)
Summary	22	(2)
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics	24	(18)
Objectives	24	(1)
Introduction	24	(1)
Pharmacology	25	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	25	(1)
Review of Physiology of Transport	25	(9)
Pharmacodynamics	34	(6)
Summary	40	(2)
Administration of Drugs	42	(19)
Objectives	42	(1)
Introduction	43	(1)
Patient Care Using Medications	43	(1)
The Medication Order	43	(1)
Six Rights of Medication Administration	44	(3)
General Administration Routes	47	(2)
Drug Administration and Preparation	49	(1)
Medical Direction	50	(1)
Medical Asepsis	51	(1)
Disposal of Contaminated Equipment and Sharps	52	(1)
Medication Routes Used in Emergency Medicine	52	(6)
Pediatric Administration Techniques	58	(1)
Summary	59	(2)
Drug Dosage Calculations	61	(22)
Objectives	61	(1)
Introduction	62	(1)
The Metric System	62	(4)
Find the Ordered Dose	66	(3)
Find the Units Per Kilogram	69	(1)
Concentration Problems	70	(3)
Calculate an IV Drip	73	(3)
Calculate an IV Drip Based on Patient Weight	76	(1)
Milliliters Per Hour to Drops Per Minute	77	(1)
Practice Problems	78	(5)
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Intravenous Therapy	83	(32)
Objectives	83	(1)
Introduction	84	(1)
Fluids	84	(1)
Electrolytes	85	(1)
Cell Physiology	86	(2)
Blood	88	(3)
IV Therapy	91	(16)
Insertion of Indwelling IV Catheter	107	(5)
Collection of Blood Samples for Laboratory Analysis	112	(1)
Blood Transfusions	112	(1)
Summary	113	(2)
The Autonomic Nervous System	115	(11)
Objectives	115	(1)
Introduction	115	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	116	(8)
Summary	124	(2)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Emergencies	126	(80)
Objectives	126	(1)
Introduction	127	(1)
Oxygen	128	(3)
Sympathomimetics	131	(13)
Sympathetic Blockers	144	(7)
Antiarrhythmics	151	(20)
Parasympatholytics	171	(3)
Cardiac Glycosides	174	(1)
Thrombolytics	175	(7)
Alkalinizing Agents	182	(2)
Cardiac Pain Management (analgesics)	184	(5)
Diuretics	189	(4)
Antianginal Agents	193	(4)
Antihypertensives	197	(6)
Other Cardiovascular Drugs	203	(1)
Summary	204	(2)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Respiratory Emergencies	206	(34)
Objectives	206	(1)
Introduction	207	(1)
Oxygen	208	(3)
Asthma	211	(16)
Neuromuscular Blockers	227	(6)
Rapid-Sequence Induction	233	(1)
Rapid-Sequence Sedation	234	(3)
Summary	237	(3)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Metabolic-Endocrine Emergencies	240	(16)
Objectives	240	(1)
Introduction	241	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	241	(1)
Types of Diabetes	241	(3)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma)	244	(1)
Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock)	244	(1)
Insulin	245	(3)
Glucagon	248	(3)
Thiamine	251	(4)
Summary	255	(1)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neurological Emergencies	256	(18)
Objectives	256	(1)
Introduction	256	(1)
Neurological Trauma	257	(4)
Nontraumatic Neurological Emergencies	261	(8)
Summary	269	(5)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Obstetrical and Gynecological Emergencies	274	(9)
Objectives	274	(1)
Introduction	275	(1)
Severe Vaginal Bleeding	275	(1)
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	276	(2)
Preterm Labor	278	(3)
Summary	281	(2)
Toxicological Emergencies in Prehospital Care	283	(37)
Objectives	283	(1)
Introduction	284	(1)
Regional Poison Centers	284	(1)
Patient History	284	(1)
General Approach to the Poisoned Patient	285	(1)
Toxidromes	286	(1)
Specific Toxi Agents Encountered in Prehospital Care	287	(26)
Summary	313	(7)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Behavioral Emergencies	320	(10)
Objectives	320	(1)
Introduction	320	(1)
Understanding Behavioral Emergencies	321	(6)
Summary	327	(3)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Emergencies	330	(7)
Objectives	330	(1)
Gastrointestinal Medications	330	(6)
Summary	336	(1)
Drugs Used in Pain Management	337	(16)
Objectives	337	(1)
Introduction	337	(2)
Analgesics	339	(10)
Summary	349	(4)
Appendix A Glossary of Street Drug Names	353	(4)
Appendix B Emergency Intravenous Fluids Quick Reference Guide	357	(5)
Appendix C Quick Drug Reference	362	(47)
Appendix D Common Home Prescription Drug Information	409	(21)
Appendix E Pediatric Drug Dosages	430	(8)
Appendix F Practice Problems Answer Key	438	(3)
Appendix G Drug Administration Skills	441	(23)
Appendix H A Guide to Herbal Supplements	464	(11)
Index	475