Pressure Vessels: Design and Practice

by Chattopadhyay; Somnath

• ISBN13: 9780849313691
• ISBN10: 0849313694
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781135511081
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-10-28
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

With very few books adequately addressing ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, and other international code issues, this book provides a comprehensive, in-depth guide on everything engineers need to know to design pressure vessels. This volume covers the basic theories and principles behind the stress limiting conditions in the codes and is also a practical guide for designing and building pressure vessels of all types. Not just a 'cookbook,' this volume allows you to trace the origin of the design equations used in the construction codes so that you will gain valuable insights into the design process.

Table of Contents

Overview of pressure vessels	1	(14)
Introduction	1	(8)
Development of pressure vessel construction codes	9	(6)
References	13	(2)
Pressure vessel design philosophy	15	(12)
General overview	15	(4)
Structural and material considerations	19	(4)
Factor of safety	23	(1)
Design by rule	24	(1)
Design by analysis	24	(3)
References	25	(2)
Structural design criteria	27	(12)
Modes of failure	27	(1)
Theories of failure	27	(3)
Theories of failure used in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code	30	(1)
Allowable stress limits in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code	31	(3)
Service limits	34	(2)
Design for cyclic loading	36	(1)
Protection against fracture	37	(2)
References	38	(1)
Problems	38	(1)
Stress categories and stress limits	39	(18)
Introduction	39	(1)
Stress intensity	40	(1)
Categorization of stresses	40	(2)
Primary stress	40	(1)
Secondary stress	41	(1)
Peak stress	42	(1)
Stress limits	42	(3)
Special stress limits	45	(1)
Practical aspects of stress categorization	45	(3)
Shape factor considerations	48	(9)
References	56	(1)
Problems	56	(1)
Design of cylindrical shells	57	(16)
Introduction	57	(1)
Thin-shell equations	58	(3)
Thick-shell equations	61	(2)
Approximate equations	63	(1)
Buckling of cylindrical shells	64	(4)
Discontinuity stresses in pressure vessels	68	(5)
References	70	(1)
Problems	71	(2)
Design of heads and covers	73	(16)
Introduction	73	(1)
Hemispherical heads under internal pressure	74	(5)
ASME equation for hemispherical heads	79	(1)
Example problem 1	79	(1)
Thin-shell theory	79	(1)
``Exact'' theory	79	(1)
ASME equation (assuming E = 1)	80	(1)
ASME design equation for ellipsoidal heads	80	(1)
ASME equation for torispherical heads	80	(1)
Example problem 2	81	(1)
Solution for ASME head using Eq. (6.15)	81	(1)
ASME design equations for conical heads	82	(1)
ASME design equations for toriconical heads	83	(1)
Flat heads and covers	84	(2)
Case 1	84	(1)
Case 2	84	(2)
ASME equation for unstayed flat heads and covers	86	(1)
Example problem 3	86	(3)
Considering simply supported edges	86	(1)
Considering clamped edges	87	(1)
Considering unstayed plates and covers	87	(1)
References	87	(2)
Design of nozzles and openings	89	(10)
Introduction	89	(1)
Stress concentration about a circular hole	90	(1)
Cylindrical shell with a circular hole under internal pressure	91	(1)
Spherical shell with a circular hole under internal pressure	92	(1)
Reinforcement of openings	93	(3)
Reinforcement example problem	95	(1)
Nozzles in pressure vessels	96	(3)
References	98	(1)
Fatigue assessment of pressure vessels	99	(14)
Introduction	99	(2)
Exemption from fatigue analysis	101	(1)
S--N curves	102	(1)
Local strain approach to fatigue	103	(2)
Design fatigue curves	105	(1)
Cumulative damage	105	(2)
Cycle counting	107	(1)
Fatigue evaluation procedure	108	(2)
Example of fatigue evaluation	110	(3)
References	111	(1)
Problems	111	(2)
Bolted flange connections	113	(8)
Introduction	113	(1)
Gasket joint behavior	114	(2)
Design of bolts	116	(1)
Examples	116	(4)
Problem 1	116	(1)
Problem 2	117	(3)
Closure	120	(1)
References	120	(1)
Problems	120	(1)
Design of vessel supports	121	(8)
Introduction	121	(1)
Lug support	122	(2)
Support skirts	124	(1)
Example problem	125	(1)
Solution	125	(1)
Saddle supports	125	(4)
References	128	(1)
Simplified inelastic methods in pressure vessel design	129	(12)
Introduction	129	(3)
Elastic analysis incorporating modified Poisson's ratio	132	(2)
Elastic analysis to address plastic strain intensification	134	(3)
Conclusion	137	(4)
References	138	(3)
Case studies	141	(16)
Introduction	141	(1)
Sizing of a pressure vessel	142	(1)
Example problem	142	(1)
Solution	143	(1)
Nozzle reinforcement assessment	143	(2)
Vessel and nozzle thickness calculations	143	(1)
Reinforcement calculations	144	(1)
Fatigue evaluation using elastic analysis	145	(2)
Fatigue evaluation using the simplified inelastic analysis method	147	(3)
Structural evaluation of a reactor vessel support	150	(7)
References	155	(2)
Appendix A Review of solid mechanics	157	(14)
A.1 Introduction	157	(1)
A.2 Concept of stress	158	(1)
A.3 Equations of equilibrium in a cylindrical system	159	(1)
A.4 Principal stresses	160	(1)
A.5 Strain	161	(2)
A.6 Stress-strain relations	163	(1)
A.7 Elastic plane problems	163	(4)
A.7.1 Plane strain	164	(1)
A.7.2 Plane stress	165	(1)
A.7.3 Stress function formulation	165	(2)
A.8 Plasticity	167	(4)
Appendix B Review of fatigue and fracture mechanics	171	(6)
B.1 S--N curves	171	(2)
B.2 Cumulative fatigue damage	173	(1)
B.3 Basic fracture mechanics	173	(3)
B.4 Example	176	(1)
B.4.1 Solution	176	(1)
Appendix C Limit analysis	177
C.1 Shape factor	177	(1)
C.2 Collapse phenomena and limit theorems	178