Principles of Foundation Engineering

by Das, Braja M.

• ISBN13: 9780534407520
• ISBN10: 0534407528
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-22
• Publisher: CL Engineering

Summary

Braja M. Das' Fifth Edition of PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING maintains the careful balance of current research and practical field applications that has made it the leading text in foundation engineering courses. Featuring a wealth of worked-out examples and figures that help students with theory and problem-solving skills, the book introduces civil engineering students to the fundamental concepts and application of foundation analysis design. Throughout, Das emphasizes the judgment needed to properly apply the theories and analysis to the evaluation of soils and foundation design as well as the need for field experience.

Table of Contents

Geotechnical Properties of Soil	1	(63)
Introduction	1	(1)
Grain-Size Distribution	2	(3)
Size Limits for Soils	5	(1)
Weight-Volume Relationships	5	(4)
Relative Density	9	(3)
Atterberg Limits	12	(1)
Soil Classification Systems	13	(7)
Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil	20	(2)
Steady-State Seepage	22	(3)
Effective Stress	25	(4)
Consolidation	29	(5)
Calculation of Primary Consolidation Settlement	34	(2)
Time Rate of Consolidation	36	(7)
Degree of Consolidation Under Ramp Loading	43	(2)
Shear Strength	45	(6)
Unconfined Compression Test	51	(2)
Comments on Friction Angle, φ'	53	(3)
Correlations for Undrained Shear Strength, cu	56	(1)
Sensitivity	56	(8)
Problems	58	(4)
References	62	(2)
Natural Soil Deposits and Subsoil Exploration	64	(59)
Introduction	64	(1)
Natural Soil Deposits	64	(1)
Soil Origin	64	(1)
Residual Soil	65	(1)
Alluvial Deposits	65	(3)
Glacial Deposits	68	(1)
Aeolian Soil Deposits	69	(1)
Organic Soil	69	(1)
Subsurface Exploration	70	(1)
Purpose of Subsurface Exploration	70	(1)
Subsurface Exploration Program	70	(3)
Exploratory Borings in the Field	73	(4)
Procedures for Sampling Soil	77	(10)
Observation of Water Tables	87	(1)
Vane Shear Test	87	(6)
Cone Penetration Test	93	(6)
Pressuremeter Test (PMT)	99	(2)
Dilatometer Test	101	(4)
Coring of Rocks	105	(1)
Preparation of Boring Logs	106	(2)
Geophysical Exploration	108	(7)
Subsoil Exploration Report	115	(8)
Problems	116	(4)
References	120	(3)
Shallow Foundations: Ultimate Bearing Capacity	123	(41)
Introduction	123	(1)
General Concept	123	(3)
Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Theory	126	(4)
Factor of Safety	130	(2)
Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table	132	(1)
Case History: Ultimate Bearing Capacity in Saturated Clay	133	(3)
The General Bearing Capacity Equation	136	(3)
Meyerhof's Bearing Capacity, Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors	139	(5)
Effect of Soil Compressibility	144	(4)
Eccentrically Loaded Foundations	148	(16)
Problems	159	(3)
References	162	(2)
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations: Special Cases	164	(25)
Introduction	164	(1)
Foundation Supported by a Soil with a Rigid Base at Shallow Depth	164	(7)
Bearing Capacity of Layered Soils: Strong Soil Underlain by Weaker Soil	171	(7)
Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Top of a Slope	178	(11)
Problems	184	(4)
References	188	(1)
Shallow Foundations: Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement	189	(66)
Introduction	189	(1)
Vertical Stress Increase in a Soil Mass Caused by Foundation Load	190	(1)
Stress Due to a Concentrated Load	190	(1)
Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area	191	(1)
Stress below a Rectangular Area	192	(6)
Average Vertical Stress Increase Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area	198	(4)
Stress Increase under an Embankment	202	(4)
Elastic Settlement	206	(1)
Elastic Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity	206	(7)
Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement	213	(4)
Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor	217	(4)
Elastic Settlement of Sandy Soils: Use of Burland and Burbidge's Method	221	(1)
Range of Material Parameters for Computing Elastic Settlement	222	(2)
Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement in Granular Soil	224	(5)
Primary Consolidation Settlement	229	(1)
Primary Consolidation Settlement Relationships	229	(3)
Three-Dimensional Effect on Primary Consolidation Settlement	232	(3)
Consolidation Settlement: A Case History	235	(2)
Secondary Consolidation Settlement	237	(1)
Settlement Due to Secondary Consolidation	237	(2)
Allowable Bearing Capacity	239	(1)
Allowable Bearing Pressure in Sand Based on Settlement Consideration	239	(2)
Field Load Test	241	(4)
Presumptive Bearing Capacity	245	(1)
Tolerable Settlement of Buildings	246	(9)
Problems	248	(4)
References	252	(3)
Mat Foundations	255	(38)
Introduction	255	(1)
Combined Footings	255	(3)
Common Types of Mat Foundations	258	(2)
Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations	260	(3)
Differential Settlement of Mats	263	(1)
Field Settlement Observations for Mat Foundations	264	(2)
Compensated Foundation	266	(4)
Structural Design of Mat Foundations	270	(23)
Problems	289	(3)
References	292	(1)
Lateral Earth Pressure	293	(38)
Introduction	293	(1)
Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest	294	(4)
Active Pressure	298	(1)
Rankine Active Earth Pressure	298	(5)
Rankine Active Earth Pressure for Inclined Backfill	303	(3)
Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure	306	(2)
Active Pressure for Wall Rotation about the Top: Braced Cut	308	(5)
Passive Pressure	313	(1)
Rankine Passive Earth Pressure	313	(7)
Rankine Passive Earth Pressure: Inclined Backfill	320	(1)
Coulomb's Passive Earth Pressure	321	(2)
Comments on the Failure Surface Assumption for Coulomb's Pressure Calculations	323	(8)
Problems	328	(2)
References	330	(1)
Retaining Walls	331	(56)
Introduction	331	(1)
Gravity and Cantilever Walls	331	(1)
Proportioning Retaining Walls	331	(3)
Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design	334	(2)
Equivalent Fluid Method for Determination of Earth Pressure	336	(1)
General Comments on Lateral Earth Pressure	336	(5)
Stability of Retaining Walls	341	(2)
Check for Overturning	343	(2)
Check for Sliding along the Base	345	(2)
Check for Bearing Capacity Failure	347	(9)
Construction Joint and Drainage from Backfill	356	(3)
Mechanically Stabilized Retaining Walls	358	(1)
Soil Reinforcement	359	(1)
Considerations in Soil Reinforcement	359	(3)
General Design Considerations	362	(1)
Retaining Walls with Metallic Strip Reinforcement	362	(8)
Step-by-Step Design Procedure Using Metallic Strip Reinforcement	370	(5)
Retaining Walls with Geotextile Reinforcement	375	(4)
Retaining Walls with Geogrid Reinforcement	379	(2)
General Comments	381	(6)
Problems	383	(2)
References	385	(2)
Sheet Pile Walls	387	(52)
Introduction	387	(4)
Construction Methods	391	(1)
Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls	392	(1)
Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Sandy Soils	393	(6)
Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating a Sandy Soil	399	(2)
Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Clay	401	(5)
Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating Clay	406	(3)
Anchored Sheet Pile Walls	409	(1)
Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Sandy Soil	410	(2)
Moment Reduction for Anchored Sheet Pile Walls	412	(5)
Computational Pressure Diagram Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil	417	(4)
Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay	421	(4)
Anchors	425	(2)
Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand	427	(6)
Ultimate Resistance of Tiebacks	433	(1)
Field Observations for Anchored Sheet Pile Walls	434	(5)
Problems	435	(3)
References	438	(1)
Braced Cuts	439	(32)
Introduction	439	(1)
Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design	440	(4)
Pressure Envelope for Cuts in Layered Soil	444	(1)
Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut	445	(6)
Bottom Heave of a Cut in Clay	451	(4)
Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand	455	(6)
Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement	461	(3)
Subway Extension of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA): A Case Study	464	(7)
Problems	468	(2)
References	470	(1)
Pile Foundations	471	(107)
Introduction	471	(2)
Types of Piles and Their Structural Characteristics	473	(9)
Estimating Pile Length	482	(2)
Installation of Piles	484	(4)
Load Transfer Mechanism	488	(1)
Equations for Estimating Pile Capacity	489	(2)
Meyerhof's Method for Estimating Qp	491	(2)
Vesic's Method for Estimating Qp	493	(5)
Janbu's Method for Estimating Qp	498	(1)
Coyle and Castello's Method for Estimating Qp in Sand	498	(1)
Other Correlations for Calculating Qp with SPT and CPT Results	499	(4)
Frictional Resistance (Qs) in Sand	503	(3)
Frictional (Skin) Resistance in Clay	506	(4)
General Comments and Allowable Pile Capacity	510	(2)
Point Bearing Capacity of Piles Resting on Rock	512	(7)
Pile Load Tests	519	(5)
Comparison of Theory with Field Load Test Results	524	(1)
Elastic Settlement of Piles	525	(4)
Laterally Loaded Piles	529	(14)
Pile-Driving Formulas	543	(4)
Stress on Piles during Driving	547	(2)
Pile Capacity for Vibration-Driven Piles	549	(2)
Negative Skin Friction	551	(5)
Group Piles	556	(1)
Group Efficiency	556	(6)
Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles in Saturated Clay	562	(1)
Piles in Rock	563	(3)
Elastic Settlement of Group Piles	566	(1)
Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles	567	(11)
Problems	571	(4)
References	575	(3)
Drilled-Shaft Foundations	578	(51)
Introduction	578	(1)
Types of Drilled Shafts	579	(1)
Construction Procedures	580	(2)
Other Design Considerations	582	(3)
Load Transfer Mechanism	585	(1)
Estimation of Load-Bearing Capacity	585	(4)
Drilled Shafts in Sand: Load-Bearing Capacity	589	(10)
Drilled Shafts in Clay: Load-Bearing Capacity	599	(8)
Settlement of Drilled Shafts at Working Load	607	(2)
Lateral Load-Carrying Capacity	609	(10)
Drilled Shafts Extending into Rock	619	(10)
Problems	624	(4)
References	628	(1)
Foundations on Difficult Soils	629	(35)
Introduction	629	(1)
Collapsible Soil	629	(1)
Definition and Types of Collapsible Soil	629	(1)
Physical Parameters for Identification	630	(4)
Procedure for Calculating Collapse Settlement	634	(1)
Foundation Design in Soils Not Susceptible to Wetting	635	(2)
Foundation Design in Soils Susceptible to Wetting	637	(1)
Case Histories of Stabilization of Collapsible Soil	638	(1)
Expansive Soils	639	(1)
General Nature of Expansive Soils	639	(2)
Laboratory Measurement of Swell	641	(5)
Classification of Expansive Soil on the Basis of Index Tests	646	(1)
Foundation Considerations for Expansive Soils	646	(6)
Construction on Expansive Soils	652	(5)
Sanitary Landfills	657	(1)
General Nature of Sanitary Landfills	657	(1)
Settlement of Sanitary Landfills	658	(6)
Problems	660	(1)
References	661	(3)
Soil Improvement and Ground Modification	664	(63)
Introduction	664	(1)
General Principles of Compaction	665	(3)
Correction for Compaction of Soils with Oversized Particles	668	(1)
Field Compaction	669	(3)
Compaction Control for Clay Hydraulic Barriers	672	(1)
Vibroflotation	673	(6)
Precompression	679	(10)
Sand Drains	689	(7)
An Example of a Sand Drain Application	696	(4)
Prefabricated Vertical Drains	700	(4)
Lime Stabilization	704	(2)
Cement Stabilization	706	(2)
Fly-Ash Stabilization	708	(1)
Stone Columns	709	(5)
Sand Compaction Piles	714	(2)
Dynamic Compaction	716	(11)
Problems	721	(2)
References	723	(4)
Appendix A	727	(5)
Answers to Selected Problems	732	(5)
Index	737	(6)
Credits	743