Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education

by Cottrell, Randall R.; Girvan, James T.; McKenzie, James F.

• ISBN13: 9780205340668
• ISBN10: 0205340660
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

Summary

"Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education" provides introductory-level health education readers with a solid understanding of the scope and practice of health educators historically, philosophically, theoretically, and ethically. A Background for the Profession, The History of Health and Health Education, Philosophical Foundations, Theoretical Foundations, Ethics and Health Education, The Health Educator. Roles, Responsibilities, Certifications, Advanced Study, The Settings for Health Education, Agencies/Associations/Organizations Associated with Health Education, The Literature of Health Education, Future Trends in Health Education, Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession, Responsibilities and Competencies for Entry-Level Health Educators, Eta Sigma Gamma Chapters: Locations and Dates of Installation For all readers interested in the scope and practice of health educators historically, philosophically, theoretically, and ethically.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xvii
A Background for the Profession	1	(34)
An Emerging Profession	2	(2)
Current Status of Health Education	4	(2)
Key Words, Terms, and Definitions	6	(4)
Measuring Health or Health Status	10	(4)
Rates	10	(1)
Life Expectancy	10	(2)
Years of Potential Life Lost	12	(1)
Disability-Adjusted Life Years	12	(1)
Health Surveys	13	(1)
The Goal and Objectives of the Profession	14	(1)
The Practice of Health Education	14	(2)
Basic Underlying Concepts of the Profession	16	(12)
The Health Field Concept	16	(1)
The Levels and Limitations of Prevention	17	(3)
Risk Factors	20	(1)
Health Risk Reduction	21	(4)
Other Selected Principles	25	(3)
The Discipline of Epidemiology	28	(7)
The History of Health and Health Education	35	(42)
Introduction	36	(1)
Early Humans	36	(2)
Early Efforts at Community Health	38	(1)
Egyptians	39	(1)
Greeks	40	(3)
Romans	43	(2)
Middle Ages	45	(3)
Renaissance	48	(3)
Age of Enlightenment	51	(1)
The 1800s	51	(2)
Public Health in the United States	53	(10)
School Health in the United States	63	(14)
Philosophical Foundations	77	(21)
Introduction	78	(1)
What Is a Philosophy?	79	(1)
Why Does One Need a Philosophy?	80	(2)
Principles and Philosophies Associated with Health	82	(3)
Leading Philosophical Viewpoints	85	(1)
Developing a Philosophy	86	(3)
Predominate Health Education Philosophies	89	(2)
Impacting the Delivery of Health Education	91	(7)
Theoretical Foundations	98	(36)
Definitions	99	(1)
The Importance of Using Theory in Health Education/Promotion	100	(1)
An Overview of the Theories and Models Used in Health Education/Promotion	101	(24)
Planning Models (Theories/Models of Implementation)	101	(13)
Theories and Models Focusing on Health Behavior Change (Change Process Theories)	114	(11)
A Final Note about Theories and Models	125	(9)
Ethics and Health Education	134	(24)
Key Terms and Origin	135	(1)
Why Should People and Professionals Act Ethically?	136	(1)
Ethical Theories	136	(2)
Basic Principles for Common Moral Ground	138	(2)
Making Ethical Decisions	140	(4)
Ethical Issues and Health Education	144	(5)
Ensuring Ethical Behavior	149	(9)
The Health Educator: Roles, Responsibilities, Certifications, Advanced Study	158	(29)
Introduction	159	(1)
Credentialing	159	(1)
History of Role Delineation and Certification	160	(3)
Individual Certification	163	(4)
Graduate Health Education Standards	167	(1)
Competencies Update Project	167	(2)
Program Accrediation	169	(1)
Responsibilities and Competencies of Health Educators	170	(7)
Responsibility I: Assessing Individual and Community Needs for Health Education	171	(2)
Responsibility II: Planning Effective Health Education Programs	173	(1)
Responsibility III: Implementing Health Education Programs	173	(1)
Responsibility IV: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Health Education Programs	174	(1)
Responsibility V: Coordinating Provision of Health Education Services	174	(1)
Responsibility VI: Acting as a Resource Person in Health Education	175	(1)
Responsibility VII: Communicating Health and Health Education Needs, Concerns, and Resources	176	(1)
Summary of Responsibilities and Competencies	176	(1)
Multitasking	177	(1)
Advanced Study in Health Education	177	(1)
Master's Degree Options	178	(1)
Selecting a Graduate School	179	(3)
Admission Requirements	182	(1)
Financing Graduate Study	182	(5)
The Settings for Health Education	187	(35)
School Health Education	188	(5)
A Day in the Career of a School Health Educator	192	(1)
Additional Responsibilities	193	(1)
Community/Public Health Education	193	(6)
A Day in the Career of a Community Health Educator	196	(3)
Additional Responsibilities	199	(1)
Worksite Health Education	199	(7)
A Day in the Career of a Worksite Health Educator	204	(1)
Additional Responsibilities	205	(1)
Health Education in Health Care Settings	206	(6)
A Day in the Career of a Health Care Setting Health Educator	208	(3)
Additional Responsibilities	211	(1)
Health Education in Colleges and Universities	212	(1)
International Opportunities	213	(2)
Nontraditional Health Education Positions	215	(1)
Landing That First Job	216	(6)
Agencies/Associations/Organizations Associated with Health Education	222	(32)
Governmental Health Agencies	223	(1)
Quasi-Governmental Health Agencies	224	(1)
Nongovernmental Health Agencies	225	(22)
Voluntary Health Agencies	225	(1)
Philanthropic Foundations	226	(1)
Service, Fraternal, and Religious Groups	226	(1)
Professional Health Associations/Organizations	226	(21)
Joining a Professional Health Association/Organization	247	(7)
The Literature of Health Education	254	(25)
Introduction	255	(1)
Types of Information Sources	255	(2)
Identifying the Components of a Research Article	257	(1)
Critically Reading a Research Article	258	(1)
Evaluating the Accuracy of Nonresearch-Based Sources	259	(1)
Writing an Abstract or a Summary	260	(1)
Locating Health-Related Information	261	(6)
Journals	261	(2)
Indexes	263	(1)
Abstracts	264	(1)
Computerized Databases	265	(2)
The Internet and the World Wide Web	267	(4)
Evaluating Information on the Internet	271	(1)
Selected Health-Related Web Sites	271	(8)
Future Trends in Health Education	279	(28)
Introduction	280	(1)
Demographic Changes	280	(3)
Minority Population Changes	281	(1)
Aging	282	(1)
Societal Trends	283	(6)
Technology	283	(1)
Family Structure	284	(1)
Political Climate	285	(2)
Medical Care Establishment	287	(2)
Professional Preparation and Credentialing	289	(3)
Professional Preparation	289	(1)
Credentialing	290	(2)
Implications for Practice Settings	292	(7)
School Setting	292	(2)
Worksite Setting	294	(1)
Community/Public Health Setting	295	(2)
Health Care Setting	297	(2)
Alternative Settings	299	(8)
Appendix A Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession	307	(10)
Appendix B Responsibilities and Competencies for Entry-Level Health Educators	317	(8)
Appendix C Eta Sigma Gamma Chapters: Locations and Dates of Installation	325	(4)
Glossary	329	(14)
Credits	343	(2)
Index	345