Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis, 4th Edition

by Fred L. Mannering (Purdue University); Scott S. Washburn (University of Florida ); Walter P. Kilareski (Pennsylvania State University)

• ISBN13: 9780470290750
• ISBN10: 0470290757
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-09-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

There is more demand than ever for highway engineers due to new highway projects throughout the country. This new fourth edition provides interested engineers with the information needed to solve the highway-related problems that are most likely to be encountered in the field. It includes updated coverage on intersection sight distance, basics of signal timing, and interchange design. New sample FE exam questions are also presented throughout the chapters. Engineers will not only learn the important principles but they'll also be better prepared for the civil engineering exams.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Highways and the Economy	p. 1
The Highway Economy	p. 2
Supply Chains	p. 2
Economic Development	p. 2
Highways, Energy and the Environment	p. 3
Highways and the Transportation System	p. 3
Highway Transportation and the Human Element	p. 3
Passenger Transportation Modes and Traffic Congestion	p. 4
Highway Safety	p. 4
Demographic Trends	p. 5
Highways and Evolving Technologies	p. 6
Infrastructure Technologies	p. 6
Vehicle Technologies	p. 7
Traffic Control Technologies	p. 7
Scope of Study	p. 8
Road Vehicle Performance	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Tractive Effort and Resistance	p. 9
Aerodynamic Resistance	p. 10
Rolling Resistance	p. 13
Grade Resistance	p. 15
Available Tractive Effort	p. 17
Maximum Tractive Effort	p. 17
Engine-Generated Tractive Effort	p. 19
Vehicle Acceleration	p. 22
Fuel Efficiency	p. 26
Principles of Braking	p. 26
Braking Forces	p. 26
Braking Force Ratio and Efficiency	p. 28
Antilock Braking Systems	p. 32
Theoretical Stopping Distance	p. 32
Practical Stopping Distance	p. 35
Distance Traveled During Driver Perception/Reaction	p. 38
Geometric Design of Highways	p. 45
Introduction	p. 45
Principles of Highway Alignment	p. 46
Vertical Alignment	p. 47
Vertical Curve Fundamentals	p. 48
Stopping Sight Distance	p. 56
Stopping Sight Distance and Crest Vertical Curve Design	p. 57
Stopping Sight Distance and Sag Vertical Curve Design	p. 62
Passing Sight Distance and Crest Vertical Curve Design	p. 68
Underpass Sight Distance and Sag Vertical Curve Design	p. 70
Horizontal Alignment	p. 73
Vehicle Cornering	p. 73
Horizontal Curve Fundamentals	p. 78
Stopping Sight Distance and Horizontal Curve Design	p. 80
Combined Vertical and Horizontal Alignment	p. 82
Pavement Design	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
Pavement Types	p. 93
Flexible Pavements	p. 94
Rigid Pavements	p. 95
Pavement System Design: Principles for Flexible Pavements	p. 95
Calculation of Flexible Pavement Stresses and Deflections	p. 96
The AASHTO Flexible-Pavement Design Procedure	p. 104
Serviceability Concept	p. 105
Flexible-Pavement Design Equation	p. 105
Structural Number	p. 113
Pavement System Design: Principles for Rigid Pavements	p. 117
Calculation of Rigid-Pavement Stresses and Deflections	p. 117
The AASHTO Rigid-Pavement Design Procedure	p. 120
Measuring Pavement Quality and Performance	p. 131
International Roughness Index	p. 131
Friction Measurements	p. 132
Rut Depth	p. 133
Fundamentals of Traffic Flow and Queuing Theory	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Traffic Stream Parameters	p. 139
Traffic Flow, Speed, and Density	p. 140
Basic Traffic Stream Models	p. 145
Speed-Density Model	p. 145
Flow-Density Model	p. 147
Speed-Flow Model	p. 148
Models Of Traffic Flow	p. 150
Poisson Model	p. 150
Limitations of the Poisson Model	p. 155
Queuing Theory and Traffic Flow Analysis	p. 155
Dimensions of Queuing Models	p. 156
D/D/1 Queuing	p. 156
M/D/1 Queuing	p. 160
M/M/1 Queuing	p. 162
M/M/N Queuing	p. 163
Traffic Analysis at Highway Bottlenecks	p. 167
Highway Capacity and Level-of-Service Analysis	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Level-of-Service Concept	p. 176
Level-of-Service Determination	p. 179
Base Conditions and Capacity	p. 179
Determine Free-Flow Speed	p. 179
Determine Analysis Flow Rate	p. 180
Calculate Service Measure(s) and Determine LOS	p. 180
Basic Freeway Segments	p. 180
Base Conditions and Capacity	p. 181
Service Measure	p. 181
Determining Free-Flow Speed	p. 185
Determining Analysis Flow Rate	p. 188
Calculating Density and Determining LOS	p. 193
Multilane Highways	p. 196
Base Conditions and Capacity	p. 200
Service Measure	p. 200
Determining Free-Flow Speed	p. 200
Determining Analysis Flow Rate	p. 203
Calculating Density and Determining LOS	p. 203
Two-Lane Highways	p. 206
Base Conditions and Capacity	p. 206
Service Measures	p. 207
Determining Free-Flow Speed	p. 208
Determining Analysis Flow Rate	p. 209
Calculate Service Measures	p. 211
Determine LOS	p. 214
Design Traffic Volumes	p. 217
Traffic Control and Analysis at Signalized Intersections	p. 227
Introduction	p. 227
Intersection and Signal Control Characteristics	p. 228
Actuated Control	p. 231
Vehicle Detection	p. 232
Typical Phase Operation	p. 232
Signal Controller Operation	p. 234
Analysis of Traffic at Signalized Intersections	p. 236
Concepts and Definitions	p. 236
Signalized Intersection Analysis with D/D/1 Queuing	p. 239
Signalized Intersection Analysis for Level of Service	p. 245
Optimal Traffic Signal Timing	p. 250
Development of a Traffic Signal Phasing and Timing Plan	p. 252
Select Signal Phasing	p. 252
Establish Analysis Lane Groups	p. 256
Calculate Analysis Flow Rates and Adjusted Saturation Flow Rates	p. 258
Determine Critical Lane Groups and Total Cycle Lost Time	p. 258
Calculate Cycle Length	p. 261
Allocate Green Time	p. 263
Calculate Change and Clearance Intervals	p. 265
Check Pedestrian Crossing Time	p. 267
Level-of-Service Determination	p. 268
Signal Coordination	p. 273
Fundamental Relationships	p. 274
Effective Green to Cycle Length Ratio (g/C)	p. 277
Platoon Dispersion	p. 277
State of the Practice	p. 279
Progression Quality and Level of Service Analysis	p. 279
The Progression Adjustment Factor and Arrival Type	p. 280
Travel Demand and Traffic Forecasting	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
Traveler Decisions	p. 290
Scope of the Travel Demand and Traffic Forecasting Problem	p. 291
Trip Generation	p. 293
Typical Trip Generation Models	p. 295
Trip Generation with Count Data Models	p. 298
Mode and Destination Choice	p. 300
Methodological Approach	p. 300
Logit Model Applications	p. 301
Highway Route Choice	p. 307
Highway Performance Functions	p. 307
User Equilibrium	p. 308
Mathematical Programming Approach to User Equilibrium	p. 313
System Optimization	p. 315
Traffic Forecasting in Practice	p. 319
The Traditional Four-Step Process	p. 322
The Current State of Travel Demand and Traffic Forecasting	p. 323
Least Squares Estimation	p. 324
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation	p. 326
Metric Example Problems	p. 335
Metric End-of-Chapter Problems	p. 381
Index	p. 393
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