Principles Of Pharmacology For Medical Assisting

by Rice, Jane

• ISBN13: 9781401880170
• ISBN10: 1401880177
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-01
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

Principles of Pharmacology for Medical Assisting, Fourth Edition is the only pharmacology book written specifically for medical assistants. It describes the scope of practice, follows the latest Standards and Guidelines for CAAHEP accreditation, and has a new full-color presentation. New content in this edition includes the addition of 230 new drugs with classifications, the removal of out-of-date drugs, content on herbals and supplements, sample drug labels, information on syringes and safety needles, topical material such as obesity, and an emphasis on patient teaching and safety precautions. The book includes special features such as competency-based objectives, practice problems for reinforcement of concepts, performance checklists for procedures, spotlight on health, Web sites, and self-assessments.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	xiii
Section 1
Numerals and Fractions	3	(14)
Objectives	3	(1)
Vocabulary	3	(1)
Arabic and Roman Numerals	4	(1)
Fractions	5	(2)
Relative Values of Fractions	7	(1)
Addition of Fractions	8	(2)
Subtraction of Fractions	10	(1)
The Process of Cancellation	11	(1)
Multiplication of Fractions	11	(2)
Division of Fractions	13	(1)
Review Problems	14	(2)
Self-Assessment	16	(1)
Decimal Fractions	17	(18)
Objectives	17	(1)
Vocabulary	17	(1)
Understanding Decimal Fractions	18	(1)
Reading and Writing Decimal Fractions	18	(2)
Expressing a Common Fraction as a Decimal Fraction	20	(1)
Expressing a Decimal Fraction as a Common Fraction	21	(1)
Addition of Decimals	22	(1)
Subtraction of Decimals	22	(1)
Multiplication of Decimals	23	(1)
Division of Decimals	24	(6)
Percentage	30	(2)
Determining Quantity if a Percent Is Given	32	(1)
Review Problems	32	(2)
Self-Assessment	34	(1)
Ratio and Proportion	35	(7)
Objectives	35	(1)
Vocabulary	35	(1)
Understanding Ratio	36	(1)
Understanding Proportion	37	(3)
Review Problems	40	(1)
Self-Assessment	41	(1)
The Metric System	42	(11)
Objectives	42	(1)
Vocabulary	42	(1)
Introduction	43	(1)
Metric System Guidelines	43	(1)
The Language of the Metric System	43	(1)
Fundamental Units	44	(3)
Conversion	47	(2)
Calculating Dosage According to Kilogram of Body Weight	49	(1)
Review Problems	50	(2)
Self-Assessment	52	(1)
Household Measures	53	(6)
Objectives	53	(1)
Vocabulary	53	(1)
Household Measures	54	(2)
Conversion	56	(1)
Review Problems	57	(1)
Self-Assessment	57	(2)
Temperature Equivalents	59	(4)
Objectives	59	(1)
Vocabulary	59	(1)
Introduction	60	(1)
Converting a Fahrenheit Reading to the Celsius Scale	60	(1)
Converting a Celsius Reading to the Fahrenheit Scale	61	(1)
Review Problems	62	(1)
Self-Assessment	62	(1)
Calculating Adult Dosages: Oral and Parenteral Forms	63	(10)
Objectives	63	(1)
Vocabulary	63	(1)
Introduction	64	(1)
Routes of Administration	64	(1)
Weight and Volume	65	(1)
Calculating Adult Dosage	65	(3)
Medications Measured in Units	68	(1)
How to Calculate Unit Dosages	69	(1)
Review Problems	70	(1)
Self-Assessment	71	(2)
Calculating Children's Dosages	73	(10)
Objectives	73	(1)
Vocabulary	73	(1)
Introduction	74	(1)
Guidelines for Administering Pediatric Medications	74	(2)
Calculating Children's Dosages	76	(3)
Review Problems	79	(1)
Self-Assessment	79	(4)
Section 2
Drug Sources, Schedules, and Dosages	83	(18)
Objectives	83	(1)
Vocabulary	83	(1)
Introduction	84	(1)
Drugs	84	(1)
Sources of Drugs	85	(2)
Herbs and Supplements	87	(4)
Drug Legislation	91	(3)
Drug References	94	(3)
Drug Dosage	97	(1)
Review Questions	98	(3)
Forms of Drugs and How They Act	101	(13)
Objectives	101	(1)
Vocabulary	101	(1)
Introduction	102	(4)
Routes of Administration	106	(1)
Classification of Drugs/Therapeutic Action	107	(1)
Principal Actions of Drugs	107	(4)
Factors That Affect Drug Action	111	(1)
Undesirable Actions of Drugs	111	(1)
Review Questions	112	(2)
The Medication Order	114	(11)
Objectives	114	(1)
Vocabulary	114	(1)
Introduction	115	(1)
The Medication Order	115	(3)
The Medication Label	118	(4)
Abbreviations	122	(1)
Review Questions	122	(3)
Medication Administration Essentials	125	(14)
Objectives	125	(1)
Vocabulary	125	(1)
Legal Implications	126	(1)
The ``Six Rights'' of Proper Drug Administration	126	(2)
Essential Medication Guidelines	128	(3)
Safe Storage of Medications	131	(3)
Documentation of Drug Administration	134	(1)
Ethical Considerations	135	(1)
Medication Error	135	(2)
Review Questions	137	(2)
Administration of Nonparenteral Medications	139	(26)
Objectives	139	(1)
Vocabulary	139	(1)
Introduction	140	(1)
Oral Medications	140	(1)
Equipment and Supplies	141	(1)
Administration of Oral Medications	142	(6)
Administration of Ophthalmic Medications	148	(3)
Administration of Otic Medications	151	(2)
Administration of Nasal Medications	153	(1)
Administration of Rectal Medications	154	(1)
Special Delivery Medications	154	(1)
Administering Drugs by Inhalation	155	(3)
Administration of Oxygen	158	(1)
Methods of Oxygen Delivery	159	(2)
Oxygen Safety Precautions	161	(1)
Administering Drugs by Local Application	161	(1)
Review Questions	162	(3)
Parenteral Equipment and Supplies	165	(34)
Objectives	165	(1)
Vocabulary	165	(1)
Introduction	166	(1)
Parts of a Syringe	166	(1)
Classification of Syringes	166	(4)
Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings	170	(3)
Measuring Medication in a Syringe	173	(1)
Hypodermic Needles	174	(4)
Preparing Equipment and Supplies for an Injection	178	(12)
Mixing Two Medications in One Syringe-Needle Unit	190	(7)
Review Questions	197	(2)
Administration of Parenteral Medications	199	(26)
Objectives	199	(1)
Vocabulary	199	(1)
Introduction	200	(1)
Advantages of the Parenteral Route	200	(1)
Disadvantages of the Parenteral Route	200	(1)
Preparing the Patient for an Injection	201	(1)
Patient Assessment	202	(1)
Site Selection	202	(2)
Marking the Correct Site for Intramuscular Injection	204	(3)
Basic Guidelines for the Administration of Injections	207	(10)
``Z''-Track Method of Intramuscular Injection	217	(2)
Special Considerations for the Administration of Insulin	219	(1)
Principles of Intravenous (IV) Therapy	219	(3)
Review Questions	222	(3)
Allergy: An Overview	225	(14)
Objectives	225	(1)
Vocabulary	225	(1)
Introduction	226	(1)
Appearance of Symptoms	226	(1)
Allergic Rhinitis	227	(1)
Diagnosis	227	(3)
Treatment	230	(1)
Administration of Allergenic Extracts	231	(2)
Review Questions	233	(6)
Section 3
Antibiotic Agents	239	(31)
Objectives	239	(1)
Vocabulary	239	(1)
Introduction	240	(2)
Spotlight: Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Disease	242	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	244	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	245	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	245	(1)
Treatment of Infectious Diseases	245	(2)
Adverse Reactions	247	(2)
Major Antibiotic Groupings	249	(15)
Additional Antibiotics	264	(2)
Spot Check	266	(1)
Antiseptics and Disinfectants	266	(1)
Review Questions	267	(2)
Web Sites	269	(1)
Antifungal, Antiviral, and Immunizing Agents	270	(27)
Objectives	270	(1)
Vocabulary	270	(1)
Introduction	271	(1)
Antifungal Agents	271	(1)
Antiviral Agents	272	(8)
Antiretroviral Agents	280	(3)
Spotlight: HIV in Babies and Children	283	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	284	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	285	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	286	(1)
Immunization	287	(6)
Spot Check	293	(1)
Review Questions	294	(2)
Web Sites	296	(1)
Antineoplastic Agents	297	(20)
Objectives	297	(1)
Vocabulary	297	(1)
Introduction	298	(1)
Spotlight: Breast Cancer	298	(1)
Spotlight: Abnormal Conditions of the Prostate Gland	299	(3)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	302	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	303	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	303	(1)
Chemotherapy with Antineoplastic Agents	304	(3)
Care of Chemotherapy Patients	307	(2)
Classifications of Antineoplastic Agents	309	(2)
Combination Chemotherapy	311	(2)
Other Forms of Treatment for Cancer	313	(1)
Cancer Treatment of the Future	313	(1)
Spot Check	314	(1)
Review Questions	314	(2)
Web Sites	316	(1)
Vitamins and Minerals	317	(19)
Objectives	317	(1)
Vocabulary	317	(1)
Introduction	318	(1)
Five Major Food Groups	319	(2)
Spotlight: Proper Nutrition--A Plan to Improve Health	321	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	323	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	324	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	326	(1)
Vitamins	327	(1)
Minerals	327	(5)
Spot Check	332	(1)
Review Questions	333	(2)
Web Sites	335	(1)
Psychotropic Agents	336	(27)
Objectives	336	(1)
Vocabulary	336	(1)
Introduction	337	(1)
Spotlight: Stress and Anxiety	337	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	339	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	340	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	340	(1)
Antianxiety Agents	340	(3)
Antidepressant Agents	343	(10)
Antimanic Agent(s)	353	(2)
Antipsychotic Agents	355	(4)
Spot Check	359	(1)
Review Questions	360	(2)
Web Sites	362	(1)
Substance Abuse	363	(22)
Objectives	363	(1)
Vocabulary	363	(1)
Introduction	364	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	365	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	366	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	367	(1)
Some Substances Being Abused	367	(1)
Groups of Drugs	368	(8)
Spotlight: Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction	376	(1)
Recognizing Substance Abuse	377	(1)
Substance Abuse in the Workplace	377	(1)
Organizations and Help Groups	378	(1)
Spot Check	379	(1)
Review Questions	380	(2)
Web Sites	382	(3)
Section 4
Medications Used for Musculoskeletal System Disorders	385	(22)
Objectives	385	(1)
Vocabulary	385	(1)
Introduction	386	(1)
Spotlight: Exercise--Benefits and Injuries	386	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	388	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	388	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	389	(1)
Anti-inflammatory Drugs	389	(9)
Agents Used to Treat Gout	398	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	399	(2)
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents	401	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Stimulants	401	(2)
Spot Check	403	(1)
Review Questions	403	(3)
Web Sites	406	(1)
Medications Used for Gastrointestinal System Disorders	407	(22)
Objectives	407	(1)
Vocabulary	407	(1)
Introduction	408	(1)
Spotlight: Ulcers and Helicobacter pylori Bacteria	409	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	410	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	410	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	411	(1)
Antiulcer Agents	411	(1)
Antacids	411	(2)
Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonist	413	(3)
Mucosal Protective Medications	416	(1)
Gastric Acid-Pump Inhibitors	417	(1)
Laxatives	418	(3)
Antidiarrheal Agents	421	(1)
Anthelmintics	422	(1)
Antiprotozoal Agents	423	(2)
Antiemetics	425	(1)
Emetics	425	(1)
Spot Check	426	(1)
Review Questions	426	(2)
Web Sites	428	(1)
Medications Used for Circulatory System Disorders	429	(31)
Objectives	429	(1)
Vocabulary	429	(1)
Introduction	430	(1)
Spotlight: Heart Disease	431	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	433	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	434	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	434	(1)
How Drugs Affect the Heart	435	(7)
Drugs That Affect the Blood	442	(9)
Agents Used in Treating Megaloblastic Anemias	451	(3)
Antihyperlipidemic Agents	454	(2)
Spot Check	456	(1)
Review Questions	457	(2)
Web Sites	459	(1)
Medications That Affect the Respiratory System	460	(27)
Objectives	460	(1)
Vocabulary	460	(1)
Introduction	461	(1)
Antihistamines	462	(3)
Decongestants	465	(1)
Antitussives	466	(2)
Expectorants and Mucolytics	468	(3)
Bronchodilators	471	(3)
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Blockers)	474	(2)
Anticholinergic Agents	476	(1)
Glucocorticoids	476	(1)
Spotlight: Tuberculosis	477	(4)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	481	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	482	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	483	(1)
Spot Check	483	(1)
Review Questions	484	(2)
Web Sites	486	(1)
Diuretics and Medications Used for Urinary System Disorders	487	(24)
Objectives	487	(1)
Vocabulary	487	(1)
Introduction	488	(2)
Diuretics	490	(7)
Spotlight: Urinary Tract Infections: Cystitis	497	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	499	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	500	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	500	(1)
Spot Check	501	(1)
Urinary Tract Antibacterials	502	(2)
Urinary Tract Antiseptics	504	(3)
Miscellaneous Agents	507	(1)
Selected Agents That Discolor Urine	507	(1)
Review Questions	507	(3)
Web Sites	510	(1)
Medications Used in Treatment of Endocrine Disorders	511	(24)
Objectives	511	(1)
Vocabulary	511	(1)
Introduction	512	(1)
The Pituitary	512	(1)
The Thyroid	513	(3)
The Parathyroids	516	(1)
The Adrenals	516	(1)
The Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)	517	(1)
Spotlight: Diabetes Mellitus	517	(3)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	520	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	521	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	522	(1)
Insulin	522	(3)
Spot Check	525	(1)
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	525	(4)
Thiazolidinediones	529	(1)
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors	530	(1)
Meglitinides	531	(1)
Hyperglycemic Agents	532	(1)
Review Questions	532	(2)
Web Sites	534	(1)
Medications That Affect the Nervous System	535	(29)
Objectives	535	(1)
Vocabulary	535	(1)
Introduction	536	(1)
Spotlight: Pain	537	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	539	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	540	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	540	(1)
Analgesics	541	(2)
Analgesic-Antipyretics	543	(2)
Spot Check	545	(1)
Sedatives and Hypnotics	546	(3)
Antiparkinsonian Drugs	549	(4)
Alzheimer's Disease	553	(1)
Anticonvulsants	554	(3)
Anesthetics	557	(1)
Ophthalmic Drugs	557	(1)
Drugs Used in Vertigo, Motion Sickness, and Vomiting	558	(3)
Review Questions	561	(2)
Web Sites	563	(1)
Medications That Affect the Reproductive System	564	(23)
Objectives	564	(1)
Vocabulary	564	(1)
Introduction	565	(1)
Female Hormones	565	(6)
Hormone Replacement Therapy	571	(2)
Spotlight: Birth Control	573	(2)
Oral Contraceptives	575	(1)
Male Hormones	576	(2)
Erectile Dysfunction	578	(2)
Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery	580	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	581	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	582	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions and Activities	582	(1)
Spot Check	583	(1)
Review Questions	583	(2)
Web Sites	585	(2)
Drug Index	587	(9)
General Index	596