Priniciples Of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Vol. I

by Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W.

• ISBN13: 9780534491444
• ISBN10: 0534491448
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-03
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

VOLUME I. An Invitation to Physics. 1. Introduction and Vectors. Context 1: Alternative-Fuel Vehicles. 2. Motion in One Dimension. 3. Motion in Two Dimensions. 4. The Laws of Motion. 5. More Applications of Newton's Laws. 6. Energy and Energy Transfer. 7. Potential Energy. Context 1: Conclusion: Present and Future Possibilities. Context 2: Mission to Mars. 8. Momentum and Collisions. 9. Relativity. 10. Rotational Motion. 11. Gravity, Planetary Orbits, and the Hydrogen Atom. Context 2: Conclusion: A Successful Mission Plan. Context 3: Earthquakes. 12. Oscillatory Motion. 13. Mechanical Waves. 14. Superposition and Standing Waves. Context 3: Conclusion: Minimizing the Risk. Context 4: Search for the Titanic. 15. Fluid Mechanics. Context 4: Conclusion: Finding and Visiting the Titanic.

Table of Contents

An Invitation to Physics	1	(3)
Introduction and Vectors	4	(30)
Standards of Length, Mass, and Time	5	(3)
Dimensional Analysis	8	(1)
Conversion of Units	9	(1)
Order-of-Magnitude Calculations	10	(1)
Significant Figures	11	(1)
Coordinate Systems	12	(2)
Vectors and Scalars	14	(1)
Some Properties of Vectors	15	(2)
Components of a Vector and Unit Vectors	17	(5)
Modeling, Alternative Representations, and Problem-Solving Strategy	22	(12)
CONTEXT 1 Alternative-Fuel Vehicles	34	(189)
Motion in One Dimension	37	(32)
Average Velocity	38	(3)
Instantaneous Velocity	41	(4)
Analysis Models---The Particle Under Constant Velocity	45	(2)
Acceleration	47	(3)
Motion Diagrams	50	(1)
The Particle Under Constant Acceleration	51	(4)
Freely Falling Objects	55	(4)
Context Connection---Acceleration Required by Consumers	59	(10)
Motion in Two Dimensions	69	(27)
The Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors	69	(2)
Two-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration	71	(2)
Projectile Motion	73	(6)
The Particle in Uniform Circular Motion	79	(3)
Tangential and Radial Acceleration	82	(1)
Relative Velocity	83	(3)
Context Connection---Lateral Acceleration of Automobiles	86	(10)
The Laws of Motion	96	(29)
The Concept of Force	97	(1)
Newton's First Law	98	(2)
Mass	100	(1)
Newton's Second Law---The Particle Under a Net Force	101	(2)
The Gravitational Force and Weight	103	(1)
Newton's Third Law	104	(3)
Applications of Newton's Laws	107	(7)
Context Connection---Forces on Automobiles	114	(11)
More Applications of Newton's Laws	125	(31)
Forces of Friction	126	(6)
Newton's Second Law Applied to a Particle in Uniform Circular Motion	132	(6)
Nonuniform Circular Motion	138	(2)
Motion in the Presence of Velocity-Dependent Resistive Forces	140	(3)
The Fundamental Forces of Nature	143	(2)
Context Connection---Drag Coefficients of Automobiles	145	(11)
Energy and Energy Transfer	156	(32)
Systems and Environments	157	(1)
Work Done by a Constant Force	157	(3)
The Scalar Product of Two Vectors	160	(2)
Work Done by a Varying Force	162	(4)
Kinetic Energy and the Work--Kinetic Energy Theorem	166	(3)
The Nonisolated System	169	(4)
Situations Involving Kinetic Friction	173	(4)
Power	177	(2)
Context Connection---Horsepower Ratings of Automobiles	179	(9)
Potential Energy	188	(35)
Potential Energy of a System	188	(2)
The Isolated System	190	(5)
Conservative and Nonconservative Forces	195	(5)
Conservative Forces and Potential Energy	200	(2)
The Nonisolated System in Steady State	202	(1)
Potential Energy for Gravitational and Electric Forces	203	(3)
Energy Diagrams and Stability of Equilibrium	206	(1)
Context Connection---Potential Energy in Fuels	207	(13)
Conclusion
Present and Future Possibilities	220	(3)
Context 2 Mission to Mars	223	(148)
Momentum and Collisions	226	(33)
Linear Momentum and Its Conservation	227	(4)
Impulse and Momentum	231	(2)
Collisions	233	(6)
Two-Dimensional Collisions	239	(3)
The Center of Mass	242	(3)
Motion of a System of Particles	245	(3)
Context Connection---Rocket Propulsion	248	(11)
Relativity	259	(32)
The Principle of Newtonian Relativity	260	(2)
The Michelson-Morley Experiment	262	(1)
Einstein's Principle of Relativity	263	(1)
Consequences of Special Relativity	264	(8)
The Lorentz Transformation Equations	272	(3)
Relativistic Momentum and the Relativistic Form of Newton's Laws	275	(1)
Relativistic Energy	276	(3)
Mass and Energy	279	(1)
General Relativity	280	(3)
Context Connection---From Mars to the Stars	283	(8)
Rotational Motion	291	(46)
Angular Position, Speed, and Acceleration	292	(3)
Rotational Kinematics: The Rigid Object Under Constant Angular Acceleration	295	(1)
Relations Between Rotational and Translational Quantities	296	(2)
Rotational Kinetic Energy	298	(5)
Torque and the Vector Product	303	(3)
The Rigid Object in Equilibrium	306	(3)
The Rigid Object Under a Net Torque	309	(4)
Angular Momentum	313	(3)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	316	(3)
Precessional Motion of Gyroscopes	319	(1)
Rolling Motion of Rigid Objects	320	(3)
Context Connection---Turning the Spacecraft	323	(14)
Gravity, Planetary Orbits, and the Hydrogen Atom	337	(34)
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Revisited	338	(3)
Structural Models	341	(1)
Kepler's Laws	342	(3)
Energy Considerations in Planetary and Satellite Motion	345	(6)
Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Theory of Hydrogen	351	(6)
Context Connection---Changing from a Circular to an Elliptical Orbit	357	(10)
Conclusion
A Successful Mission Plan	367	(4)
CONTEXT 3 Earthquakes	371	(91)
Oscillatory Motion	373	(27)
Motion of a Particle Attached to a Spring	374	(1)
Mathematical Representation of Simple Harmonic Motion	375	(6)
Energy Considerations in Simple Harmonic Motion	381	(3)
The Simple Pendulum	384	(2)
The Physical Pendulum	386	(1)
Damped Oscillations	387	(2)
Forced Oscillations	389	(1)
Context Connection---Resonance in Structures	390	(10)
Mechanical Waves	400	(32)
Propagation of a Disturbance	401	(2)
The Wave Model	403	(2)
The Traveling Wave	405	(3)
The Speed of Transverse Waves of Strings	408	(3)
Reflection and Transmission of Waves	411	(2)
Rate of Energy Transfer by Sinusoidal Waves on Strings	413	(2)
Sound Waves	415	(2)
The Doppler Effect	417	(4)
Context Connection---Seismic Waves	421	(11)
Superposition and Standing Waves	432	(30)
The Principle of Superposition	433	(1)
Interference of Waves	434	(3)
Standing Waves	437	(3)
Standing Waves in Strings	440	(3)
Standing Waves in Air Columns	443	(3)
Beats: Interference in Time	446	(2)
Nonsinusoidal Wave Patterns	448	(2)
Context Connection---Building on Antinodes	450	(9)
Conclusion
Minimizing the Risk	459	(3)
CONTEXT 4 Search for the Titanic	462
Fluid Mechanics	464
Pressure	465	(1)
Variation of Pressure with Depth	466	(4)
Pressure Measurements	470	(1)
Buoyant Forces and Archimedes's Principle	470	(5)
Fluid Dynamics	475	(1)
Streamlines and the Continuity Equation for Fluids	476	(2)
Bernoulli's Equation	478	(2)
Other Applications of Fluid Dynamics	480	(1)
Context Connection---A Near Miss Even Before Leaving Southampton	481	(12)
Conclusion
Finding and Visiting the Titanic	493
Appendix A Tables	1	(12)
Conversion Factors	1	(1)
Symbols, Dimensions, and Units of Physical Quantities	2	(2)
Table of Atomic Masses	4	(9)
Appendix B Mathematics Review	13	(17)
Scientific Notation	13	(1)
Algebra	14	(5)
Geometry	19	(1)
Trigonometry	20	(2)
Series Expansions	22	(1)
Differential Calculus	22	(2)
Integral Calculus	24	(3)
Propagation of Uncertainty	27	(3)
Appendix C Periodic Table of the Elements	30	(2)
Appendix D SI Units	32	(1)
SI Base Units	32	(1)
Some Derived SI Units	32	(1)
Appendix E Nobel Prizes	33	(5)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems	38
Index	1