Prisons: Today and Tomorrow

by Pollock, Joycelyn M.

• ISBN13: 9780763729042
• ISBN10: 0763729043
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-11-30
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Prisons Today and Tomorrow, Second Edition uses current case studies and research to present balanced and comprehensive coverage of prisons and prisoners. Featuring chapters contributed by leading authorities on the modern prison system, this text examines the many purposes of prisons-punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation-and examines controversial issues such as whether imprisonment actually deters crime or merely serves as punishment. Click the Additional Information... link to download sample chapters from this text. Preview sample chapters from Prisons Today and Tomorrow, Second Edition. (Documents are in Adobe .pdf format). Chapter 1 Read now! Chapter 2 Read now!

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xi
Poem	xii
Preface	xiii
Contributors	xv
Section I The Philosophy and History of Prisons	1	(76)
The Rationale for Imprisonment	3	(19)
Joycelyn M. Pollock
Philosophy of Punishment	3	(5)
Retributive Rationale	4	(1)
Utilitarian Rationale	5	(3)
Methods of Punishment	8	(1)
Philosophy of Imprisonment	8	(6)
Paradigms and Prison	9	(4)
The New Conservatism: Justice and ``Just Desserts''	13	(1)
The Effect of Retributivism and a New Era	14	(2)
Restorative Justice: An Alternative Philosophy?	14	(2)
Utilitarian Caring: The Reintegrative Movement	16	(1)
Conclusions	16	(2)
Chapter Resources	18	(4)
The American Prison in Historical Perspective: Race, Gender, and Adjustment	22	(21)
Robert Johnson
Ania Dobrzanska
Seri Palla
Penitentiaries	23	(6)
The Separate System	24	(1)
The Congregate System	25	(1)
Women and Minorities in the Penitentiary	26	(1)
The Reformatory Era	27	(2)
The ``Big House''	29	(4)
The Correctional Institution	33	(2)
Contemporary Prisons	35	(2)
Conclusions	37	(2)
Chapter Resources	39	(4)
Sentencing Trends and Incarceration	43	(34)
Alida V. Merlo
Prison Inmates	44	(6)
Sentencing Reforms	50	(5)
The Supreme Court and the Sentencing Process	52	(1)
Chronic-Offender Legislation	53	(2)
Drug Offenders and Prison Overcrowding	55	(2)
Responding to Overcrowding	57	(6)
Strategies to Fight Overcrowding	58	(1)
Texas and California: Leaders in Incarceration	59	(1)
Front-End Strategies to Fight Overcrowding	60	(2)
Back-End Strategies to Fight Overcrowding	62	(1)
Future Directions	63	(3)
Social Costs of Prison Expansion	65	(1)
Conclusions	66	(3)
Chapter Resources	69	(8)
Section II The Social World of the Prison	77	(118)
The Social World of the Prisoner	79	(45)
Chad Trulson
Who Is in Prison?	79	(5)
Overall Population	80	(1)
Race and Gender	80	(1)
People in Prison by Type of Crime Committed	81	(2)
Sentence Length and Time Served	83	(1)
Age and Education	84	(1)
Summary	84	(1)
The Prison As a Social Setting	84	(2)
Researching the Prisoner Subculture	86	(2)
The Process of Imprisonment	88	(5)
Degradation Ceremonies	88	(1)
Getting ``Cliqued On'' and ``Ho Checked''	89	(1)
Deprivation, Importation, and the Development of Prisoner Subcultures	90	(3)
Prisons from the 1940s to the 1960s	93	(10)
The Inmate Code	94	(1)
Prison Slang	95	(2)
Prisoner Roles	97	(1)
Prisoner Values	98	(2)
Homosexuality and Rape	100	(2)
Adapting to Prison: Prisonization	102	(1)
Prisons from the 1960s to the 1980s	103	(2)
A Changing Free World	104	(1)
A Changing Prison World	104	(1)
Prisons from the 1980s to Today	105	(9)
Changes to the Inmate Code and Subculture	106	(1)
Prison Gangs	107	(2)
Racial Conflict in Prisons	109	(2)
The Black Market in Prisons	111	(1)
Responses to the Violent Prison Today: Containing the ``Extraordinary Minority''	112	(2)
Change and Survival in the Prisoner Subculture Today	114	(1)
Avoiding the ``Mix'': Niches and Sanctuaries in the Prisoner Subculture	114	(1)
Conclusions	115	(2)
Chapter Resources	117	(7)
Industry, Agriculture, and Education	124	(34)
William Stone
History of Inmate Labor	124	(4)
England	125	(1)
Early America	126	(2)
The 20th Century and Prison Labor	128	(3)
State-Use Laws	128	(2)
Prison Industry Enhancement Certification	130	(1)
Prison Labor Today	131	(10)
Agriculture Programs	132	(1)
Manufacturing Programs	133	(1)
Public Works and Prison Construction	133	(1)
Prison Maintenance	134	(1)
Current Issues in Prison Labor	135	(6)
Inmate Education	141	(10)
Contemporary Vocational-Education Programs	143	(5)
Contemporary Academic-Education Programs	148	(3)
Conclusions	151	(2)
Chapter Resources	153	(5)
Classification and Rehabilitation	158	(37)
David Spencer
Joycelyn M. Pollock
The Development of Rehabilitation	158	(3)
The Medical Model	159	(1)
The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal	160	(1)
Classification of Inmates	161	(4)
Classification for Management	161	(2)
Classification for Treatment	163	(2)
Prison Programming	165	(5)
Inmate Activities	165	(3)
Treatment Programs	168	(2)
Bringing About Change	170	(11)
Individual and Group Therapy	172	(1)
Therapeutic Communities	172	(1)
Psychological and Psychiatric Programs	173	(8)
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Treatment	181	(6)
Evaluation Studies	183	(2)
What Does Work?	185	(1)
What Works for Women?	185	(2)
Conclusions	187	(1)
Chapter Resources	188	(7)
Section III Prison Authority and Prisoner Rights	195	(64)
Correctional Staff and Management	197	(29)
Kelly Cheeseman
The Correctional Officer	198	(17)
Training: The Transformation from Citizen to CO	198	(2)
The Base of Correctional Officer Power	200	(1)
``The Job'': Correctional Officer Duty Positions	201	(2)
The Correctional Officer Subculture	203	(3)
Minority and Female Officers	206	(3)
Stress and the Correctional Officer	209	(6)
Administrators and Managers	215	(4)
Management Functions	215	(3)
Management Styles	218	(1)
Conclusions	219	(2)
Chapter Resources	221	(5)
Prisoners' Rights	226	(33)
John McLaren
Era of the Hands-Off Doctrine	226	(3)
Mechanics of Litigation	229	(7)
Section 1983 Actions	229	(2)
Habeas Corpus	231	(1)
Criminal Remedies	231	(1)
Americans with Disabilities Act	232	(1)
Prison Litigation Reform Act	232	(1)
The Eighth Amendment: Corporal Punishment and the Use of Force	233	(2)
Other Applications of the Eighth Amendment	235	(1)
Access to the Legal System	236	(1)
Jailhouse Lawyers and Law Libraries	236	(1)
Legal Correspondence	237	(1)
First Amendment Rights	237	(7)
Press and Media Access	237	(1)
Correspondence and Censorship	238	(3)
Visitation	241	(1)
Religious Practices	242	(1)
Personal Appearance	243	(1)
Summary of First Amendment Protections	244	(1)
The Right to Privacy	244	(2)
Medical Treatment in Correctional Institutions	246	(3)
Equal Protection	249	(1)
Procedural Due Process	250	(1)
Conclusions	251	(2)
Chapter Resources	253	(6)
Section IV Convicts and the Community	259	(54)
Jails	261	(36)
Dennis Giever
History of Jails	263	(3)
The History of Jails in America	265	(1)
The 20th-Century Jail	266	(10)
Functions of Jails	268	(4)
Population Characteristics	272	(1)
Architecture	273	(3)
Jail Operations and Administration	276	(9)
Legal Issues	277	(2)
Jail Standards	279	(1)
Overcrowding	280	(1)
Special-Needs Inmates	281	(4)
Jail Socialization and Subcultures	285	(3)
A Day In the Life	287	(1)
Conclusions	288	(3)
Chapter Resources	291	(6)
Looking Toward the Future	297	(16)
Joycelyn M. Pollock
Overcrowded Prisons, Drug Laws, and Race	298	(2)
Opportunity Costs	300	(1)
Private Prisons, Private Profits	300	(2)
The Supermax Prison	302	(3)
Cross-Sex Supervision	305	(1)
A New Era of Prison History?	306	(2)
Reentry	306	(1)
Alternatives to Prison	307	(1)
Conclusions	308	(2)
Chapter Resources	310	(3)
Index	313