Prisons and Prison Life Costs and Consequences

by Pollock, Joycelyn M.

• ISBN13: 9780199783250
• ISBN10: 019978325X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-07-12
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Prisons and Prison Life investigates and analyzes prisons--and the often undocumented costs of imprisonment for all involved. It covers the history of imprisonment in the U.S. as well as all aspects of prison life, including profiles of prisoners, a description of life in prison, women's prisons, correctional officers, management issues, and re-entry. The use of first-person quotations throughout further enriches the discussion and personalizes the issues. The book is intended for courses on prisons, but is used frequently in courses on corrections as well.

Author Biography

Joycelyn M. Pollock is Professor of Criminal Justice at Texas State University San Marcos.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Prisons: Then and Now	p. 1
The Purpose and Functions of Prisons	p. 1
The Philadelphia and Auburn Models	p. 4
1900-1950s	p. 6
1960-1980S	p. 8
New Expectations	p. 10
Racial Politics	p. 10
Drugs	p. 11
Young Offenders	p. 11
The Death of the Rehabilitative Era	p. 12
1980-Today	p. 13
Prisons and Politics	p. 15
Conclusion	p. 19
Explaining Incarceration	p. 21
The Rise of Imprisonment	p. 22
The United States Compared to the World	p. 23
Comparing States' Rates of Incarceration	p. 24
Incarceration and Race/Ethnicity	p. 25
Explaining the Increase	p. 28
Crime	p. 29
Sentencing Changes	p. 30
Increased "Punitiveness"	p. 32
Increased Parole Revocations	p. 34
The "War on Drugs"	p. 34
The Deinstitutionalizaton of the Mentally Ill	p. 35
The Privatization of Prisons	p. 36
Reversing the Trend	p. 38
Conclusion	p. 39
The New Bastille	p. 41
The Number and Types of Prisons	p. 41
Federal and State Systems	p. 42
State Prisons	p. 43
Overcrowding	p. 44
The Super-Max	p. 46
Private Prisons	p. 51
Proponents and Opponents of Privatization	p. 52
Corrections Corporation of America and GEO Group	p. 54
Evaluations of Private Prisons	p. 55
Interstate Transfer	p. 57
Conclusion	p. 59
Prisoners	p. 61
The Demographics of Prisoners	p. 62
Race	p. 63
Age	p. 65
Medical/Physical Characteristics	p. 66
Education and Employment Histories	p. 67
Family	p. 67
Prisoners: Yesterday and Today	p. 69
Special Populations	p. 72
Mentally Ill	p. 72
Mentally Handicapped	p. 77
Drug Dependent Offenders	p. 78
Classification	p. 79
Medical Services	p. 80
Conclusion	p. 83
Rehabilitation Revisited	p. 86
The Legacy of the Rehabilitative Era	p. 87
What Is Treatment?	p. 87
Recreation	p. 88
Education, Vocational Training, and Industry	p. 89
Education	p. 89
Vocational Training and Industry	p. 91
Drug Treatment	p. 94
Evaluating Drug Treatment	p. 96
Rehabilitative Programs and the Will to Change	p. 97
Evaluations	p. 99
The Will to Change	p. 101
Evidence-based Corrections	p. 102
Conclusion	p. 104
Living in Prison	p. 106
Prisoner Subculture Research	p. 107
Elements of the Subculture	p. 108
Prison Argot	p. 106
Inmate Code	p. 109
The Black Market	p. 110
Race and Gangs	p. 111
Prison Violence	p. 113
Correlates of Violence	p. 114
Economic Violence	p. 115
Sexual Violence	p. 116
Riots and Collective Violence	p. 123
Changes in Prison Violence	p. 124
Coping in the Prison World	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 126
Prisons for Women	p. 128
Increasing Numbers	p. 129
History of Women's Prisons	p. 130
Gendered Pathways and Gendered Programming	p. 132
Pathways Research	p. 133
Victimization	p. 134
Drugs	p. 135
Importance of Relationships	p. 136
Pathways and Classification	p. 136
Gender-specific Programing	p. 137
Living in Prison	p. 140
Violence	p. 141
Sexual Relationships and Sexual Violence	p. 142
Sexual Victimization by Staff Members	p. 143
Mothers in Prison	p. 145
Conclusion	p. 148
Prisoners' Rights	p. 150
Causes of Action and Sources of Rights	p. 152
The First Amendment	p. 154
Freedom of Religion	p. 154
Freedom of Speech and Press	p. 158
Rights of Association	p. 160
The Fourth Amendment	p. 161
The Eighth Amendment	p. 162
Medical Care and Rehabilitation	p. 163
Excessive Use of Force/Other Punishments	p. 164
Totality of Circumstances	p. 165
The Fourteenth Amendment	p. 166
Access to Courts	p. 167
Disciplinary Proceedings	p. 168
Other Deprivations	p. 171
Conclusion	p. 173
Correctional Staff and Administration	p. 175
Correctional Officers	p. 175
The Changing Role of the Guard	p. 176
Correctional Officers Today	p. 177
"Structured Conflict"	p. 178
The Officer Subculture	p. 182
Stress	p. 184
The Human Service Officer	p. 185
Violence	p. 187
Managing the Prison	p. 190
Unionization	p. 191
Civil Service and Workforce Diversity	p. 192
Cross-Sex Supervision and Sexual Misconduct	p. 194
Corruption and Unethical Practices	p. 196
Conclusion	p. 198
Release, Reentry, and the Future of Prisons	p. 200
Reentry and Recidivism	p. 201
Parole	p. 203
Civil Liberties	p. 205
Barriers to Success	p. 206
Envisioning the Perfect Prison	p. 208
The Importance of Justice	p. 209
Cutting Back on Prison	p. 211
The Prison Industrial Complex	p. 211
Conclusion	p. 213
Table of Cases	p. 217
Bibliography	p. 219
Index	p. 251
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