Process Technology Equipment and Systems

by Thomas,Ph.D., Charles E.

• ISBN13: 9781418030674
• ISBN10: 1418030678
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-25
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Process Technology: Equipment and Systems has withstood the test of time, successfully launching thousands of process technicians into the chemical processing industry. The Second Edition carries on this tradition of excellence by providing state-of-the-art graphics and photos alongside completely current information that keeps pace with industry developments. Key topics include valves, vessels, and piping, pumps and compressors, motors and turbines, heat exchangers, cooling towers, boilers and furnaces, reactors and distillation, extraction and separation systems, and process instrumentation.

Author Biography

Charles Edward Thomas, Ph.D., is a Department Head in the Department of Process Technology at Lee College in Baytown, Texas

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction to Process Equipment	1	(22)
Key Terms	2	(1)
Basic Hand Tools	3	(1)
Rotary Equipment	4	(7)
Stationary Equipment	11	(8)
Equipment Checklists	19	(1)
Summary	20	(2)
Review Questions	22	(1)
Valves	23	(26)
Key Terms	24	(1)
Valve Applications and Theory of Operation	25	(1)
Gate Valves	26	(4)
Globe Valves	30	(4)
Ball Valves	34	(1)
Check Valves	35	(2)
Butterfly Valves	37	(1)
Plug Valves	37	(1)
Diaphragm Valves	38	(2)
Relief and Safety Valves	40	(2)
Automatic Valves	42	(3)
Valve Symbols	45	(1)
Summary	46	(1)
Review Questions	47	(2)
Piping and Vessels	49	(26)
Key Terms	50	(1)
Piping	51	(4)
Vessels	55	(2)
Materials: Carbon Steel and Alloys, and Nonferrous Alloys	57	(4)
Inspection	61	(3)
Vessel Design Sheets	64	(7)
Summary	71	(2)
Review Questions	73	(2)
Pumps	75	(34)
Key Terms	76	(1)
Pump Applications and Classification	77	(2)
Internal Slip	79	(1)
Dynamic Pumps	80	(1)
Centrifugal Pumps	81	(9)
Axial Pumps	90	(1)
Jet Pumps	91	(1)
Positive Displacement Pumps	92	(1)
Rotary Pumps	92	(7)
Reciprocating Pumps	99	(4)
Startup, Shutdown, and Troubleshooting	103	(2)
Pump Symbols	105	(1)
Summary	106	(2)
Review Questions	108	(1)
Compressors	109	(24)
Key Terms	110	(1)
Compressor Applications and Classification	110	(2)
Dynamic Compressors	112	(4)
Blowers and Fans	116	(1)
Positive-Displacement Compressors	117	(8)
Supporting Equipment in a Compressor System	125	(1)
Startup, Shutdown, and Troubleshooting of Compressor Systems	126	(2)
Compressor Symbols	128	(1)
Summary	128	(3)
Review Questions	131	(2)
Turbines and Motors	133	(18)
Key Terms	134	(1)
Kinds of Turbines	135	(1)
History of Steam Turbines	135	(1)
Operating Principles of Steam Turbines	136	(1)
Basic Components of a Steam Turbine	137	(5)
Steam Turbine Problems	142	(1)
Start Up a Steam Turbine	143	(1)
Gas Turbines	144	(1)
Electric Motors	145	(2)
Turbine and Motor Symbols	147	(2)
Summary	149	(1)
Review Questions	150	(1)
Heat Exchangers	151	(26)
Key Terms	152	(1)
Types of Heat Exchangers	153	(2)
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow	155	(3)
Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger	158	(2)
Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers	160	(7)
Reboilers	167	(3)
Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers	170	(1)
Spiral Heat Exchangers	171	(1)
Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers	172	(1)
Heat Exchangers and Systems	173	(2)
Heat Exchanger Symbols	175	(1)
Summary	175	(1)
Review Questions	176	(1)
Cooling Towers	177	(14)
Key Terms	178	(1)
Cooling Tower Applications and Theory of Operation	178	(2)
Basic Components of a Cooling Tower	180	(1)
Cooling Tower Classification	181	(1)
Atmospheric Cooling Tower	181	(1)
Natural-Draft Cooling Tower	182	(1)
Forced-Draft Cooling Tower	183	(1)
Induced-Draft Cooling Tower	184	(2)
Water-Cooling System	186	(1)
The Trouble with Water	186	(2)
Cooling Tower Symbols	188	(1)
Summary	188	(2)
Review Questions	190	(1)
Boilers	191	(14)
Key Terms	192	(1)
Boiler Applications and Basic Operation	193	(1)
Fire Tube Boilers	193	(1)
Water Tube Boilers	193	(5)
Boiler Operation	198	(1)
Steam Systems	198	(3)
Steam System Symbols	201	(1)
Summary	201	(2)
Review Questions	203	(2)
Furnaces	205	(18)
Key Terms	206	(1)
Furnace Applications and Theory of Operation	207	(1)
Basic Components of a Furnace	208	(3)
Furnace Types	211	(2)
Cabin Furnace	213	(3)
Cylindrical Furnace	216	(1)
Box Furnace	217	(1)
Common Furnace Problems and Solutions	218	(2)
Furnace Symbols	220	(1)
Summary	220	(2)
Review Questions	222	(1)
Instruments	223	(28)
Key Terms	224	(1)
Basic Instruments	225	(1)
Temperature Measurement	226	(2)
Pressure Measurement	228	(5)
Fluid Flow Measurement	233	(4)
Level Measurement	237	(2)
Basic Elements of a Control Loop	239	(5)
Final Control Elements	244	(4)
Summary	248	(2)
Review Questions	250	(1)
Process Diagrams	251	(20)
Key Terms	252	(1)
Types of Process Diagrams	252	(1)
Basic Instrument Symbols	252	(2)
Flow Diagrams	254	(2)
Process and Instrument Drawings	256	(6)
Review of Basic and Specialized Symbols	262	(6)
Sources of Information for Process Technicians	268	(1)
Summary	269	(1)
Review Questions	270	(1)
Utility Systems	271	(36)
Key Terms	272	(1)
Introduction to Process Systems	272	(2)
Raw Water and Fire Water System	274	(2)
Boiler Feed Water Treatment	276	(7)
Cooling Water System	283	(1)
Air and Nitrogen Systems	283	(3)
Gas Systems	286	(1)
Electrical Systems	287	(1)
Steam Systems	288	(4)
Industrial Sewer System	292	(1)
Refrigeration System	293	(3)
Relief and Flare Systems	296	(3)
Flare Systems	299	(1)
Storage Systems	300	(4)
Summary	304	(2)
Review Questions	306	(1)
Reactor Systems	307	(20)
Key Terms	308	(1)
Introduction to Reactions	309	(4)
Continuous and Batch Reactors	313	(1)
Stirred Reactors	313	(3)
Fixed Bed Reactors	316	(3)
Fluidized Bed Reactors	319	(2)
Tubular Reactors	321	(2)
Reaction Furnaces	323	(1)
General Reactor Design Considerations	324	(1)
Summary	325	(1)
Review Questions	326	(1)
Distillation Systems	327	(36)
Key Terms	328	(1)
Overview of Distillation Systems	329	(3)
History of Distillation	332	(2)
Principles of Distillation	334	(1)
Two Distillation Examples	334	(7)
Plate Columns	341	(7)
Packed Columns	348	(5)
Plate Distillation System	353	(6)
Troubleshooting a Distillation System	359	(2)
Summary	361	(1)
Review Questions	362	(1)
Extraction and Other Separation Systems	363	(22)
Key Terms	364	(1)
Extraction	364	(5)
Absorption Columns	369	(1)
Stripping Columns	370	(1)
Adsorption	370	(7)
Scrubber	377	(1)
Water Treatment System	378	(1)
Crystallization	378	(2)
Solvent Dewaxing	380	(2)
Summary	382	(1)
Review Questions	383	(2)
Plastics Systems	385	(18)
Key Terms	386	(1)
Plastics	386	(3)
Granule Storage and Feed Systems	389	(2)
Blending Systems	391	(1)
Extruder	392	(6)
Product Drying and Storage System	398	(2)
Summary	400	(1)
Review Questions	401	(2)
Glossary	403	(14)
Index	417