Prosocial Behaviour

by Bierhoff,Hans-Werner

• ISBN13: 9780863777738
• ISBN10: 0863777732
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-10-29
• Publisher: Psychology Pres

Summary

How can social bonds in society be strengthened? How do we learn and develop prosocial behavior? This comprehensive textbook provides up-to-date coverage of the social phenomenon of prosocial behavior, incorporating all the major developments in the field from developmental and social psychology. This book will be a valuable resource for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of social psychology and sociology, as well as anyone with an interest in social services and voluntary organizations.

Table of Contents

Series preface	ix
Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(6)
I Prosocial behaviour and social life	7	(50)
Issues of definition	9	(2)
Forms of prosocial behaviour	11	(6)
The special case of planned helping	14	(3)
How helpful are human beings?	17	(8)
Helpfulness in nonserious situations	18	(3)
Intervention in emergency situations	21	(4)
Culture, the individual, and level of helpfulness	25	(16)
Gender differences	25	(5)
Urban--rural comparisons	30	(8)
Time effects	38	(1)
Social status	39	(2)
Human nature vs cultural context	41	(6)
The biological perspective	41	(2)
The cultural context	43	(4)
Measurement and generality of prosocial behaviour in children	47	(10)
How is prosocial behaviour measured in children?	47	(6)
Generality of prosocial behaviour	53	(4)
II Learning and development	57	(48)
How does prosocial behaviour develop?	59	(14)
Prosocial behaviour in the second year of life	60	(6)
Age trends in prosocial orientation: 4--20 years	66	(6)
Beyond adolescence	72	(1)
Learning of prosocial behaviour	73	(32)
Prosocial modelling	73	(14)
Social reinforcement	87	(4)
The role of reasoning in moral internalisation	91	(5)
Altruistic self-scheme	96	(9)
III Processes of prosocial behaviour	105	(72)
Empathy	107	(32)
Modes of empathy arousal	112	(7)
Self--other differentiation and the development of empathy	119	(3)
Measurement of empathy	122	(13)
Empathic accuracy	135	(4)
Guilt	139	(18)
Empathy-based guilt	139	(4)
Guilt in social life	143	(2)
Shame vs guilt	145	(1)
Measures of guilt	146	(3)
Guilt and mental health	149	(1)
Transgression, guilt, and reparation	149	(4)
Survivor guilt	153	(2)
Guilt over affluence	155	(2)
Responsibility	157	(20)
The meaning of responsibility: Voluntariness and controllability	157	(2)
The origin of social responsibility	159	(1)
Responsibility and social conduct	160	(1)
Definitions and research traditions	161	(4)
Environmental responsibility	165	(2)
Responsibility as a predictor of prosocial behaviour	167	(2)
Two dimensions of social responsibility	169	(4)
Denial of responsibility	173	(4)
IV Theories of prosocial behaviour	177	(94)
Arousal: cost--reward model of intervention	179	(12)
Costs of helping and costs of not helping	179	(2)
Prediction of intervention	181	(6)
Impulsive helping	187	(1)
The revised theory	188	(3)
Altruistic motive system	191	(24)
Perspective taking, empathic concern, and prosocial behaviour	193	(3)
Basic research on the empathy -- altruism hypothesis	196	(5)
Further tests of the empathy -- altruism hypothesis	201	(14)
Empathy-related responding and emotional regulation	215	(8)
Multimethod approach	216	(2)
Theoretical advancement	218	(5)
Social inhibition of bystander intervention	223	(22)
The decision-making process: From bystander to actor	223	(6)
Social inhibition: When the situation is difficult to handle	229	(14)
Appendix: Calculation of corrected probabilities of intervention of groups and individuals	243	(2)
Altruistic personality	245	(6)
Rescuers of Jews	245	(2)
Further results on the altruistic personality	247	(4)
Psychology of seeking and receiving help	251	(20)
Receiving help: A benefit not without risks	251	(3)
Seeking help: Successful coping may have a price	254	(3)
Which factors influence the reactions of help-recipients?	257	(14)
V Applications	271	(54)
Increasing the readiness to give first aid in everyday life	273	(8)
The key roles of responsibility and competence	273	(4)
Determinants of subjective competence	277	(4)
Solidarity	281	(20)
Theory of solidarity	281	(3)
What is solidarity?	284	(2)
Different uses of the term solidarity	286	(2)
Common interests	288	(7)
Solidarity on the basis of interests of others	295	(4)
Conclusions	299	(2)
Voluntary work engagement in organisations	301	(12)
Self-responsible organisational behaviour	301	(2)
Organisational citizenship behaviour	303	(3)
Prosocial organisational behaviour	306	(1)
Organisational spontaneity: Mood and group atmosphere as predictors of prosocial behaviour	306	(4)
Comparison between OCB, POB, and OS	310	(3)
Volunteerism	313	(12)
Functional approach to volunteerism	315	(1)
Motives of volunteers	316	(3)
Role-identity model	319	(1)
Altruistic personality, motives of volunteers, and religious orientation	320	(2)
Conclusions	322	(3)
Postscript	325	(12)
The community as the unit of analysis	325	(2)
Sociobiological perspective and socialisation processes	327	(2)
Situational vs dispositional explanations	329	(2)
Altruism vs egoism	331	(2)
What comes next?	333	(4)
References	337	(34)
Author index	371	(8)
Subject index	379