Psychology and the Real World

by FABBS Foundation; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann; Pew, Richard W.; Hough, Leaetta M.; Pomerantz, James R.

• ISBN13: 9781429230438
• ISBN10: 1429230436
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-12-29
• Publisher: Worth Publishers

Summary

Psychology and the Real World: Essays Illustrating Fundamental Contributions to Societyis a collection of brief, personal, original essays, ranging in length from 2500 to 3500 words, in which leading academic psychologists describe what their area of research has contributed to society. The authors are true stars in the field of psychology. Some of their work (for example, Elizabeth Loftus's studies of false memories, Paul Ekman's research on facial expression, and Eliot Aronson's "jigsaw," or cooperative, classroom studies) is well known to the public. The research of others is less familiar to nonspecialists, but no less fascinating. The book is unique the world of textbook ancillaries in that it does not reprint writings. Rather, innovative psychological scientists clearly and entertainingly tell readers why their research matters and how their line of inquiry developed. The concept for the book came from the Foundation for the Advancement of Brain and Behavior Science (FABBS), a nonprofit educational foundation that supports the work of 21 scholarly societies that span the cognitive, psychological, behavioral, and brain sciences. The authors have volunteered their contributions. These authors have agreed that all grants, advances, and royalties and other financial earnings from this volume will go to FABBS to support their educational mission.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xi
Preface	p. xiv
Introduction	p. 1
Psychology and the Real World: An Introduction	p. 2
Methods of Psychology	p. 9
Can the World Wide Web Be Used for Research?	p. 10
Integrity Testing for Personnel Selection: The Role of Research Methods	p. 17
Neuroscience	p. 23
Neurobiology of Stress and Adaptation: Implications for Health Psychology, Behavioral Medicine, and Beyond	p. 24
Applying the Mechanisms of Self-Regulation	p. 31
Sensation and Perception	p. 37
Human Vision as a Reality Engine	p. 38
Visual Search: Is It a Matter of Life and Death?	p. 46
Learning	p. 55
Making Things Hard on Yourself, But in a Good Way: Creating Desirable Difficulties to Enhance Learning	p. 56
Using Testing to Improve Learning and Memory	p. 65
Memory	p. 75
Levels of Processing in Human Memory	p. 76
Crimes of Memory: False Memories and Societal Justice	p. 83
Language and Thought	p. 89
Creating and Learning Language by Hand	p. 90
Thinking Without Language	p. 98
Consciousness	p. 107
Thinking About Consciousness	p. 108
When You Put Things Out of Mind, Where Do They Go?	p. 114
Intelligence	p. 121
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences	p. 122
The Rainbow Project: Using a Psychological Theory of Intelligence to Improve the College Admissions Process	p. 131
Emotion and Motivation	p. 139
Reading Faces: The Universality of Emotional Expression	p. 140
Human Self-Regulation and Emotion	p. 147
Development	p. 153
Cultural Variation in Children's Attention and Learning	p. 154
Preserving Infant Memories	p. 164
Personality	p. 173
Products of Their Personalities or Creatures of Their Situations? Personality and Social Behavior Have the Answer	p. 174
Psychological Disorders	p. 181
Predisposed to Understand the Complex Origins of Behavioral Variation	p. 182
Lost in Thought: The Perils of Rumination	p. 189
Treatment of Psychological Disorders	p. 197
The Development and Evaluation of Psychological Treatments for Panic Disorder	p. 198
Looking Beyond the Patient: A Couple-Focused Intervention for Health-Compromised Smokers	p. 205
Stress and Health	p. 213
Framing Health Messages	p. 214
Positive Illusions: How Ordinary People Become Extraordinary	p. 224
Social Psychology	p. 229
Reducing Prejudice and Building Empathy in the Classroom	p. 230
When Good Things Happen to Good People: Capitalizing on Personal Positive Events in Relationships	p. 237
Work	p. 245
Individual Occupational Performance: The Blood Supply of Our Work Life	p. 246
Organizational Climate: Theory and Evidence	p. 255
Questions for Discussion	p. 263
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