Psychosocial Aspects of Healthcare

by Drench, Meredith E.; Sharby, Nancy; Noonan, Ann; Ventura, Susan

• ISBN13: 9780131716742
• ISBN10: 0131716743
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This book is based on the belief that an understanding of the psychococial aspects of health care optimizes therapeutic outcomes. Comprehensive in scope, Drench addresses a variety of psychosocial topics involving individuals affected by pathology, impairment, functional limitation and/or disability. It addresses very real issues in today's health care environment, acknowledging time as well as other constraints, and describes recommended roles and intervention strategies for care providers. It is intended for students and professionals within all health care professions.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
Reviewers	xix
PART I Understanding Client-Professional Relationships	1	(104)
1 Recognizing Beliefs and Values	3	(22)
UNDERSTANDING VALUES	4	(1)
ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR	5	(1)
STIGMA AND PREJUDICE IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	6	(11)
Blaming the Clients	6	(1)
Cultural Bias	7	(1)
Gender Bias	8	(1)
Ageism	9	(2)
Ethnic Bias	11	(2)
HIV and AIDS Bias	13	(1)
Mental Illness Bias	14	(1)
Obesity Bias	15	(1)
Substance Abuse Bias	16	(1)
Disability Bias	16	(1)
BECOMING COMPETENT, UNBIASED HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS	17	(1)
CROSS-PROFESSIONAL VALUES AND BIASES	18	(1)
SUMMARY	19	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	19	(1)
CASE STUDY	20	(1)
REFERENCES	20	(5)
2 Communication	25	(32)
ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION	27	(1)
Levels of Communication	27	(1)
DEVELOPING PRACTITIONER—CLIENT RAPPORT	28	(2)
Client-Sensitive Language	29	(1)
MINDFULNESS: BEING PRESENT IN THE MOMENT	30	(1)
VERBAL COMMUNICATION	31	(2)
Vocabulary	31	(1)
Paralanguage	32	(1)
Active Listening	32	(1)
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION	33	(2)
Facial Expressions	34	(1)
Touch	34	(1)
Spatial Distances/Proxemics	35	(1)
Distracting Behaviors	35	(1)
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION	35	(1)
Electronic Communication	36	(1)
GRASPING THE TRUE MEANING OF WHAT THE CLIENT IS SAYING	36	(1)
USING HUMOR TO COMMUNICATE	37	(2)
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION	39	(3)
Role Uncertainty	39	(1)
Sensory Overload	39	(1)
Physical Appearance	40	(1)
Voice and Word Choice	40	(1)
Language Barriers	41	(1)
CONFLICT	42	(6)
Levels of Conflict	44	(1)
Personal Conflict	44	(1)
Interpersonal Conflict	44	(1)
Intragroup Conflict	45	(1)
Intergroup Conflict	45	(1)
Sources of Conflict	46	(2)
STRATEGIES TO MANAGE CONFLICT	48	(3)
Avoidance	49	(1)
Accommodation	49	(1)
Competition	50	(1)
Compromise	50	(1)
Collaboration	50	(1)
Mediation	51	(1)
SUMMARY	51	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	52	(1)
CASE STUDY	52	(1)
REFERENCES	53	(4)
3 Cultural Aspects of Therapeutic Care	57	(24)
RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CULTURE	58	(1)
SUBCULTURES	59	(2)
Acculturation, Assimilation, Biculturalism	60	(1)
WORLDVIEW	61	(8)
Time Orientation	63	(1)
Activity Orientation/Environmental Control	63	(1)
Use of Space	64	(1)
Social Organization and Relationships	64	(1)
Communication	65	(2)
Poverty as a Cultural Issue	67	(2)
EXPLANATORY MODELS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS	69	(1)
HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES	69	(2)
Native American Cultures	70	(1)
Asian Cultures	70	(1)
Latino/Hispanic Cultures	70	(1)
Black Cultures	71	(1)
THE CULTURE OF MEDICINE	71	(1)
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE CROSS-CULTURAL HEALTH CARE	72	(1)
CREATING SOLUTIONS TO CROSS-CULTURAL HEALTH CARE	73	(3)
Culturally Competent Practices	74	(2)
SUMMARY	76	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	76	(1)
CASE STUDY	76	(1)
REFERENCES	77	(4)
4 Understanding Family Needs, Roles, and Responsibilities	81	(24)
FAMILY SYSTEMS	82	(3)
Working Together, Working Apart	82	(1)
Family Caregivers: Who Are They? Where Do They Come From?	83	(1)
Economics of Family Caregiving	84	(1)
CAREGIVER NEEDS	85	(3)
Information and Education	86	(1)
Trust	87	(1)
Advocacy	87	(1)
Identification of Resources	88	(1)
DEVELOPING CAREGIVER SKILLS	88	(1)
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES WITHIN THE FAMILY SYSTEM	89	(5)
Caring for a Spouse or Partner	90	(1)
Caring for a Parent	91	(1)
Caring for a Child	92	(2)
Sibling Roles and Responsibilities	94	(1)
CAREGIVER BURDEN	94	(2)
CARING FOR THE CAREGIVER	96	(1)
Respite Care	96	(1)
Support Groups	96	(1)
Humor	97	(1)
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL AND FAMILY CAREGIVERS	97	(1)
SUMMARY	98	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	99	(1)
CASE STUDY	99	(1)
REFERENCES	100	(3)
ADDITIONAL READINGS FOR PART I	103	(2)
Part II Goal-Setting: Client—Professional Collaboration	105	(72)
5 Client Rights and Provider Responsibilities	107	(24)
THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM	108	(5)
Age of Paternalism	108	(2)
Age of Autonomy	110	(1)
Age of Bureaucracy	110	(2)
Age of Justice	112	(1)
HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE	113	(1)
QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT	114	(1)
DISABLEMENT	115	(3)
Disablement Models	116	(1)
Nagi Model	116	(1)
International Classification	117	(1)
Variations in Response to Disablement	117	(1)
THE CLIENT-PROVIDER RELATIONSHIP	118	(3)
Boundaries	118	(1)
Preservation of Dignity	119	(1)
Trust, Respect, and Compassion	120	(1)
Advocacy	121	(1)
PROVIDER RESPONSIBILITIES	121	(5)
Legal and Ethical Guidelines	122	(1)
Autonomy	123	(2)
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence	125	(1)
Justice	125	(1)
SUMMARY	126	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	126	(1)
CASE STUDY	127	(1)
REFERENCES	127	(4)
6 Motivation and Adherence	131	(16)
FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION	132	(3)
Locus of Control	132	(1)
Self-Efficacy	133	(1)
Self-Esteem	133	(1)
Social Support	134	(1)
ROLE OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN PROMOTING MOTIVATION AND ADHERENCE	135	(1)
STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE MOTIVATION AND ADHERENCE	136	(5)
Goal-Setting	136	(2)
Education	138	(1)
Feedback	139	(1)
Peer Support Groups	139	(1)
Functional Programs	140	(1)
Primacy and Secondary Control-Enhancing Strategies	141	(1)
SUMMARY	141	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	142	(1)
CASE STUDY	142	(1)
REFERENCES	143	(4)
7 Collaborative Treatment-Planning	147	(14)
COLLABORATION	148	(3)
BARRIERS TO COLLABORATION	151	(2)
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING COLLABORATION	153	(1)
MODIFYING HEALTH BEHAVIORS	154	(3)
Health Belief Model	154	(1)
Transtheoretical Model for Health Behavior Change	155	(1)
Five A's Behavioral Intervention Protocol	156	(1)
SUMMARY	157	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	158	(1)
CASE STUDY	158	(1)
REFERENCES	158	(3)
8 The Mind-Body-Spirit Connection	161	(16)
HOLISM	162	(1)
SPIRITUALITY	163	(1)
ANCIENT INSIGHTS AND MODERN PRACTICES	163	(3)
MIND-BODY-SPIRIT	166	(2)
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY	168	(1)
PULLING IT ALL TOGETHER	169	(2)
SUMMARY	171	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	171	(1)
CASE STUDY	172	(1)
REFERENCES	172	(2)
ADDITIONAL READINGS FOR PART II	174	(3)
Part III Changing Perspectives	177	(52)
9 Body Image and Self-Concept	179	(16)
SUDDEN ONSET VERSUS CHRONIC OR PROGRESSIVE COURSE	180	(1)
THE MEANING OF PHYSICAL CHANGE	181	(1)
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HOW A PERSON RESPONDS TO CHANGES IN BODY IMAGE	182	(3)
Prior Loss	182	(1)
Nature of Current Loss	182	(1)
Prognosis for Treatment and Recovery	182	(1)
Patterns of Development	182	(1)
Family and Cultural Values, Beliefs, and Attitudes	183	(1)
Personal Control	183	(1)
Sin and Stigma	184	(1)
Social Support	185	(1)
RESPONDING TO CHANGES IN BODY IMAGE FROM DISEASE AND INJURY	185	(4)
Concern about Value and Normalcy	185	(1)
Physical Appearance and Self-Esteem	186	(1)
Denial, Repression, Loss, and Grief	186	(1)
Dark Humor	187	(1)
Fears Related to Surgical Changes	187	(1)
Facial Disfiguration	187	(1)
Shame, Embarrassment, Anger, Withdrawal, and Depression	188	(1)
Remaining Whole	188	(1)
Achieving "Success"	189	(1)
STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTING AND ACCEPTING CHANGES IN BODY IMAGE	189	(2)
Communication	189	(1)
Education and Support	190	(1)
Emphasizing Capabilities	190	(1)
Life's Activities	191	(1)
SUMMARY	191	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	191	(1)
CASE STUDY	192	(1)
REFERENCES	192	(3)
10 Condition-Specific Characteristics	195	(18)
CONGENITAL AND PERINATAL CONDITIONS	196	(4)
Adults with Developmental Disabilities	198	(1)
Physical Problems	199	(1)
Cognition/Communication	199	(1)
Psychosocial Concerns	200	(1)
SUDDEN-ONSET DISABILITY	200	(3)
Disruption of Body Image	201	(1)
Orientation to Time	201	(1)
Grief and Depression	202	(1)
Fear, Anxiety, Guilt, and Rage	202	(1)
Adjustment	203	(1)
ACUTE OR RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DISEASES	203	(3)
Coping Strategies	204	(2)
AGE-RELATED DISABILITY	206	(1)
SUMMARY	207	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	207	(1)
CASE STUDY	208	(1)
REFERENCES	208	(5)
11 Sexuality	213	(16)
SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT	214	(7)
Prenatal	214	(1)
Early Childhood	214	(2)
Later Childhood and Adolescence	216	(1)
Early Adulthood	217	(1)
Middle Adulthood	218	(1)
Older Adulthood	219	(2)
CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS	221	(2)
Taking a Sexual History	222	(1)
SUMMARY	223	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	223	(1)
CASE STUDY	224	(1)
REFERENCES	224	(3)
ADDITIONAL READINGS FOR PART III	227	(2)
Part IV The Continuum of Loss, Grief, and Adjustment	229	(64)
12 Loss	231	(12)
LOSS IS A "FOUR-LETTER WORD"	232	(4)
Cure, Goal, and Fail are Also "Four-Letter Words"	232	(1)
Types of Loss	232	(2)
Loss Associated with Chronic Conditions	234	(2)
LOSS FOR THE PERSONAL CAREGIVER	236	(1)
Loss FOR THE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL	237	(2)
SUMMARY	239	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	239	(1)
CASE STUDY	240	(1)
REFERENCES	240	(3)
13 Grief	243	(20)
TYPES OF GRIEF	244	(1)
GRIEVING BEHAVIOR	245	(8)
Denial	248	(1)
Anger	249	(1)
Guilt	250	(1)
Bargaining	250	(1)
Sadness and Depression	251	(1)
Anxiety	252	(1)
Diminished Problem Solving	252	(1)
CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF GRIEVING	253	(3)
Stages of Grieving and Dying	253	(1)
Integrative Theory of Bereavement	254	(1)
Tasks of Mourning	255	(1)
GRIEF OUTCOMES	256	(2)
CHRONIC SORROW	258	(1)
SUMMARY	259	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	260	(1)
CASE STUDY	260	(1)
REFERENCES	261	(2)
14 Adjustment	263	(30)
COPING BEHAVIOR	264	(5)
Coping Skills	265	(1)
Appraisal-Focused Coping	265	(2)
Problem-Focused Coping	267	(1)
Emotion-Focused Coping	267	(2)
PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION STRATEGIES	269	(11)
Cognitive Reframing	270	(1)
Meaning of Life	271	(1)
Emotional and Practical Support	272	(1)
Counseling	273	(2)
Counseling Approaches	275	(1)
Support Groups	276	(1)
Bereavement Services	277	(1)
Hope	278	(2)
IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH PROVIDERS	280	(5)
Tasks of Mourning	281	(1)
Helping Clients Adjust	282	(3)
SUMMARY	285	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	285	(1)
CASE STUDY	286	(1)
REFERENCES	286	(5)
ADDITIONAL READINGS FOR PART IV	291	(2)
Part V Responses to Illness and Disability That Complicate Care	293	(62)
15 Chronic Illness	295	(20)
CHRONIC HEALTH PROBLEMS	296	(3)
Incidence	297	(1)
Chronic Health Conditions and Income	297	(1)
Cost of Chronic Health Conditions	298	(1)
DISEASE VERSUS ILLNESS	299	(1)
CHRONIC PAIN	300	(2)
Progression from Acute to Chronic Pain	300	(2)
Pain and the Mind–Body Connection	302	(1)
PERMANENT DISABILITY	302	(4)
Health Care Needs of People with Disabilities	303	(1)
Return-to-Work Issues	304	(2)
MALINGERING	306	(2)
CONVERSION DISORDER	308	(1)
THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS	309	(1)
SUMMARY	310	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	310	(1)
CASE STUDY	311	(1)
REFERENCES	311	(4)
16 Psychiatric Disorders	315	(20)
DEPRESSION	318	(4)
Dysthymia	322	(1)
BIPOLAR SPECTRUM DISORDER	322	(2)
ANXIETY DISORDERS	324	(6)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	326	(1)
Social and Other Phobias	326	(1)
Panic Disorder	326	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	327	(3)
IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS	330	(1)
SUMMARY	331	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	331	(1)
CASE STUDY	332	(1)
REFERENCES	332	(3)
17 Destructive Behaviors	335	(20)
FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE	336	(2)
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS	338	(4)
Use	338	(1)
Abuse	339	(1)
Addiction	339	(1)
Alcoholism	340	(2)
EATING DISORDERS	342	(4)
Anorexia	343	(1)
Bulimia	344	(1)
Obesity	345	(1)
SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR	346	(4)
Suicide	348	(2)
SUMMARY	350	(1)
REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS	350	(1)
CASE STUDY	351	(1)
REFERENCES	351	(3)
ADDITIONAL READINGS FOR PART V	354	(1)
Index	355