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Preface | p. vii |
Acknowledgments | p. ix |
The Nature of Police Brutality | p. 1 |
What Is Police Brutality? | p. 6 |
How Can Police Brutality Be Explained? | p. 7 |
Outline of an Alternative Theory | p. 12 |
Social Threat and Police Violence | p. 17 |
Police Organization and Police Violence in American History | p. 21 |
Group-Conflict Theory | p. 25 |
Police-Minority Conflict | p. 28 |
Police-Minority Conflicts and Police Violence | p. 34 |
Social Identity and Ingroup Bias | p. 37 |
Cognitive Perspectives on Intergroup Relations | p. 38 |
The Social Identity Model | p. 40 |
Social Identity and Policing | p. 44 |
Racial and Ethnic Identity | p. 49 |
Social Identity and Police-Minority Relations | p. 52 |
Stereotyping and Outgroup Bias | p. 57 |
The Information Processing Model | p. 58 |
Cultural Stereotypes of Race and Crime | p. 68 |
Stereotyping and the Working Personality of the Police Officer | p. 70 |
Minority Stereotypes of Police | p. 74 |
Stereotypes and Police-Minority Relations | p. 76 |
The Emotional Roots of Intergroup Relations | p. 79 |
The Nature of Human Emotions | p. 82 |
The Emotions of the Police | p. 89 |
The Emotions of Minority Citizens | p. 92 |
Emotion and Cognition in Police-Minority Relations | p. 94 |
Translating Intergroup Biases into Intergroup Aggression | p. 97 |
The Dimensions of Intergroup Relations | p. 98 |
The Emotional and Cognitive Foundation of Aggression | p. 103 |
The Inseparability of Emotional and Cognitive Responses | p. 108 |
A Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Theory of Excessive Force | p. 111 |
Background Variables and Psychological Preconditions | p. 114 |
Threatening Situations and Mental Responses | p. 119 |
Mediators of Police Brutality | p. 122 |
Is Police Brutality Inevitable? | p. 125 |
Can Popular Policies Reduce Police Brutality? | p. 127 |
Changing Police Organizations to Change Police Behavior | p. 128 |
Prospects for Organizational Reforms | p. 138 |
Roots of an Urban Dilemma | p. 143 |
Notes | p. 153 |
References | p. 157 |
Index | p. 181 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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