Read, Reason, Write : An Argument Text and Reader

by Seyler, Dorothy U.

• ISBN13: 9780072415605
• ISBN10: 0072415606
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill College

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
SECTION I Critical Reading and Analysis	1	(70)
Writers and Their Sources	3	(30)
The Writer in a Writing Course	3	(1)
The Student Writer's Roles	4	(1)
Responses to Sources	5	(1)
``The Gettysburg Address''	6	(3)
Abraham Lincoln
The Personal Response	6	(1)
The Simplest Response to Content	6	(1)
The Analytic Response	7	(1)
The Judgment or Evaluation Response	8	(1)
The Research Response	9	(1)
``Learning to Love Obsolescence''	9	(2)
Bruce Sterling
Guidelines for Active Reading	11	(2)
``Child Sexual Abuse''	13	(1)
Rebecca J. Donatelle
Lorraine G. Davis
Understanding Your Sources	14	(1)
Writing Summaries	14	(3)
``The Ties That Unbind''	17	(1)
Aaron Dalton
Writing Paraphrases	17	(1)
``A Free Man's Worship''	18	(1)
Bertrand Russell
``Century of Freedom''	19	(3)
Robert J. Samuelson
Acknowledging Sources Informally	22	(1)
Referring to People and Sources	22	(1)
``The Real Pregnancy Problem''	23	(2)
William Raspberry
Presenting Direct Quotations: A Guide to Form and Style	25	(4)
Reasons for Using Quotation Marks	25	(1)
Guidelines for Quoting	26	(3)
``Beyond Gutenberg''	29	(3)
Bill Gates
Writing Assignments	32	(1)
Responding Critically to Sources	33	(38)
Examining the Context	34	(2)
Who Is the Author?	34	(1)
What Kind of Audience Is Being Addressed?	34	(1)
What Is the Author's Purpose in Writing?	35	(1)
What Are the Writer's Sources of Information?	35	(1)
Understanding Attitude	36	(4)
Denotative and Connotative Word Choice	37	(2)
Recognizing Tone	39	(1)
Analyzing Style	40	(6)
Word Choice	40	(1)
Sentence Structure	41	(2)
Metaphors	43	(1)
Organization and Examples	44	(1)
Repetition	44	(1)
Hyperbole, Understatement, and Irony	44	(1)
Quotation Marks, Italics, and Capital Letters	45	(1)
``Remote Control''	46	(2)
Dave Barry
Writing about Style	48	(2)
Purpose and Audience	48	(1)
Organization and Content	48	(1)
Manuscript Form	49	(1)
``Choosing Families''	50	(1)
Ellen Goodman
Student Essay: ```Goodman's Feast of Style''	51	(3)
Recognizing Language Abuses	54	(3)
Jargon	54	(1)
Doublespeak	54	(1)
Characteristics of Jargon	55	(2)
Combining Summary, Analysis, and Evaluation: The Review	57	(1)
Annotated Review: Frederick Turner, ``Rediscovering America: John Muir in His Time and Ours''	58	(1)
Student Review: ``Winchester's Alchemy: Two Men and a Book ''	59	(1)
Analyzing Two or More Sources	60	(2)
Guidelines for Preparing a Contrast of Sources	61	(1)
``Dinosaur''	62	(1)
Sean O'Connell
``Disney's Digital Dinosaur: A Cretaceous Bambi ''	63	(1)
Stephen Hunter
``Word Games We Play''	64	(3)
John Leo
``Let the Going Get Tough - We Have Our SUVs''	67	(1)
Ronald R. Fraser
Writing Assignments	68	(3)
SECTION II The World of Argument	71	(110)
The Basics of Argument	73	(20)
Characteristics of Argument	73	(1)
Argument Is Conversation with a Goal	73	(1)
Argument Takes a Stand on an Arguable Issue	73	(1)
Argument Uses Reasons and Evidence	74	(1)
Argument Incorporates Values	74	(1)
Argument Recognizes the Topic's Complexity	74	(1)
The Shape of Argument: The Aristotelian Model	74	(1)
The Shape of Argument: The Toulmin Model	75	(2)
The Language of Claims and Support	77	(3)
Facts	78	(1)
Inferences	78	(1)
Judgments	79	(1)
``Paradise Lost''	80	(2)
Richard Morin
More on Toulmin's Analysis of Argument	82	(5)
Claims	82	(2)
Grounds (or Data or Evidence)	84	(1)
Warrants	84	(1)
Backing	85	(1)
Qualifiers	86	(1)
Rebuttals	86	(1)
The Language of Argument	87	(2)
Argument or Persuasion?	88	(1)
Irony or Sarcasm?	88	(1)
``A Commitment to Language''	89	(2)
Marie Winn
``Extinctions Past and Present''	91	(2)
Richard Leakey
Types of Arguments: Classical Patterns and Current Approaches	93	(48)
Induction	93	(2)
Deduction	95	(5)
``The Declaration of Independence''	100	(3)
Analogy	103	(2)
``War and Football''	105	(1)
Zbiginiew Brzezinski
Arguments about Cause	106	(3)
``Pumps and Pocketbooks''	109	(2)
Pietro Nivola
The Rogerian or Conciliatory Argument	111	(2)
Occasions for Selecting a Conciliatory Argument	112	(1)
``On the Streets of Philadelphia, Prescriptions for Progress''	113	(2)
Abigail Trafford
The Uses of Authority and Statistics	115	(3)
Judging Authorities	115	(1)
Understanding and Evaluating Statistics	116	(1)
Reading and Preparing Graphics	116	(2)
Responding to Visual Arguments	118	(8)
Arguments That Do Not Work: Logical Fallacies	126	(7)
Causes of Illogic	126	(1)
Fallacies That Result from Oversimplifying	127	(4)
Fallacies That Result from Ignoring the Issue	131	(2)
``Help Those Who Help, Not Hurt, Themselves''	133	(1)
Student Essay: ``Death''	134	(1)
Writing Assignments	135	(1)
``Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men''	136	(5)
Lester C. Thurow
Preparing Good Arguments	141	(40)
Knowing Your Audience	141	(2)
Who Is My Audience?	141	(1)
What Will My Audience Know about My Topic?	142	(1)
Where Does My Audience Stand on the Issue?	142	(1)
How Should I Speak to My Audience?	142	(1)
Understanding Your Writing Purpose	143	(1)
Moving from Topic to Claim to Support	143	(3)
Selecting a Topic	144	(1)
Drafting a Claim	144	(1)
Planning Your Support	145	(1)
Drafting Your Argument	146	(1)
Revising Your Draft	147	(2)
Rewriting	147	(1)
Editing	148	(1)
Proofreading	149	(1)
Guidelines for Preparing Specific Kinds of Arguments	149	(3)
The Investigative Argument: Gathering and Analyzing Evidence	150	(2)
Student Essay: ``Magazine Advertising for Computer Products''	152	(8)
The Position Paper: Examining Claims of Value	158	(2)
Student Essay: ``Examining the Issue of Gun Control''	160	(4)
The Definition Argument: Debating the Meanings of Words	163	(1)
Student Essay: ``Wisdom''	164	(4)
The Problem-Solution Argument: Exploring Public-Policy Issues	166	(2)
``A New Strategy for the War on Drugs''	168	(4)
James Q. Wilson
The Refutation Essay: Evaluating the Arguments of Others	171	(1)
``Gender Games''	172	(2)
David Sadker
Exercise: Analyzing an Argument	174	(1)
``Addicted to Health''	175	(3)
Robert H. Bork
Writing Assignments	178	(3)
SECTION III The Research Process	181	(122)
Getting Started and Locating Sources (in the Library, Online, in the Field)	183	(32)
Defining the Research Process	183	(2)
What Research Is	183	(1)
Types of Research Projects	184	(1)
What Does Not Count as Research	184	(1)
Stages in the Research Process	185	(1)
Finding a Workable Topic	185	(4)
What Type of Paper Am I Preparing?	186	(1)
Who Is My Audience?	186	(1)
What Are the Assignment's Time and Length Constraints?	186	(1)
What Kinds of Topics Should I Avoid?	187	(1)
How Can I Select a Good Topic?	187	(1)
What Is the ``Right'' Size for a Topic?	188	(1)
Writing a Tentative Thesis or Research Proposal	189	(2)
Locating Sources	191	(1)
Preparing a Working Bibliography	191	(3)
Basic Form for Books	192	(1)
Basic Form for Articles	192	(2)
Knowing Your Library	194	(4)
Locating Books	195	(1)
Classification of Books	195	(1)
Outline of the Library of Congress Classification	195	(2)
Arrangement of Books on the Shelf	197	(1)
Using the Reference Collection	198	(2)
Basic Reference Tools	199	(1)
Using Indexes to Periodicals	200	(6)
The Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature	200	(1)
The New York Times Index	200	(1)
Online Databases	201	(3)
Indexes to Academic Journals	204	(2)
Locating Government Documents and Related Publications	206	(1)
Searching the Internet	206	(4)
Basic Services and Functions of the Internet	207	(2)
Guidelines for Searching the Web	209	(1)
Doing Field Research	210	(2)
Federal, State, and Local Government Documents	210	(1)
Correspondence	210	(1)
Interviews	211	(1)
Lectures	211	(1)
Films, Tapes, Television	211	(1)
Surveys, Questionnaires, and Original Research	211	(1)
Exercises: Using the Library	212	(3)
Understanding Sources, Selecting Information, and Documenting (Using MLA)	215	(34)
Using Sources Effectively	215	(1)
Evaluating Sources	216	(2)
Documenting Sources to Avoid Plagiarism	218	(2)
Selecting and Noting Material from Sources	220	(5)
Format for Notes: Quoting Versus Paraphrasing Versus Photocopies	222	(1)
Avoiding Misleading Acknowledgment of Sources	223	(2)
MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations	225	(5)
The Simplest Patterns of Parenthetical Documentation	226	(1)
Placement of Parenthetical Documentation	227	(1)
Parenthetical Citations for Complex Sources	228	(2)
Additional-Information Footnotes or Endnotes	230	(1)
``See Also'' Footnotes or Endnotes	230	(1)
Preparing MLA Citations for a ``Works Cited'' Page	230	(15)
Forms for Books: Citing the Complete Book	230	(4)
Forms for Books: Citing Part of a Book	234	(2)
Forms for Periodicals: Articles in Journals	236	(1)
Forms for Periodicals: Articles in Magazines	236	(1)
Forms for Periodicals: Newspapers	237	(1)
Forms for Electronic Sources: General	238	(1)
Citing CD-ROMs, Diskettes, and Magnetic Tapes	239	(1)
Citing Online Sources	239	(2)
Other Sources	241	(4)
Exercises: Presenting and Documenting Borrowed Information and Preparing Citations	245	(4)
Completing the Research Project	249	(32)
Organizing the Paper	249	(1)
The Formal Outline	250	(1)
Drafting the Paper	251	(12)
Planning Your Time	251	(1)
Handling Documentation in Your Draft	251	(1)
Writing Style	251	(1)
Writing Good Beginnings	252	(3)
Avoiding Ineffective Openings	255	(1)
Composing Main Paragraphs	255	(5)
Writing Good Conclusions	260	(2)
Avoiding Ineffective Conclusions	262	(1)
Choosing a Title	262	(1)
Revising the Paper: A Checklist	263	(1)
Rewriting	263	(1)
Editing	263	(1)
Proofreading	264	(1)
The Completed Paper	264	(1)
Sample Research Paper 1: A Current Problem	265	(1)
Student Paper: `Adoption: ``An Issue of Love, Not Race''	266	(8)
Sample Research Paper 2: A Literary Research Essay	274	(1)
Student Paper: ```Faulkner's Realistic Initiation Theme''	275	(6)
Other Styles of Documentation	281	(22)
Author/Year or APA Style	281	(3)
APA Style: In-Text Citations	281	(3)
APA Style: Preparing a List of References	284	(3)
Form for Books	284	(1)
Form for Articles	285	(2)
Sample Paper in APA Style	287	(1)
Student Paper: ```Adoption: An Issue of Love, Not Race''	288	(8)
Footnote or Endnote Style	296	(6)
In-Text Citations	296	(1)
Footnote (Endnote Form: First (Primary) References	297	(1)
Sample Footnotes/Endnotes	298	(2)
Footnote/Endnote Form: Short Forms	300	(2)
The Number System	302	(1)
SECTION IV A Collection of Readings	303	(356)
The Media: Image and Reality	305	(26)
``Television and Violent Crime''	306	(10)
Brandon S. Centerwall
``Caution: Children Watching''	316	(6)
Suzanne Braun Levine
``Feds vs. First Amendment''	322	(1)
Michael Grebb
``It's Not Just a Toy, It's an Indoctrination''	323	(4)
Daphne White
``Lovely to Look Upon-or Else''	327	(4)
Gloria Steinem
Enthanasia	331	(20)
``Euthanasia--A Critique ''	332	(6)
Peter A. Singer
Mark Siegler
``In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia ''	338	(3)
Sidney Hook
``A Quality End of Life''	341	(1)
Rasalynn Carter
``Rethinking Life and Death''	342	(9)
Peter Singer
Guns and Society	351	(14)
``America's Unchecked Epidemic ''	352	(2)
Richard Harwood
``Gun Registration: It's Common Sense''	354	(2)
Sarah Brady
``Sliding Down the Slippery Slope''	356	(3)
Tanya K. Metaksa
``All Fired Up: The NRA Makes a Lot of Noise, but That Doesn't Help the Gun Owners of America''	359	(6)
Osha Gray Davidson
Capital Punishment	365	(24)
``The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense ''	366	(6)
Ernest van den Haag
``Death Is Different''	372	(10)
Hugo Adam Bedau
``Innocent on Death Row''	382	(2)
George F. Will
``The Death Penalty Is Fairer Than Ever''	384	(5)
Eugene H. Methvin
Censorship, Pornography, and the Arts	389	(16)
``Expelling Huck Finn''	390	(2)
Nat Hentoff
``If You Assign My Book, Don't Censor It''	392	(3)
Mark Mathabane
``Freedom's Fair-Weather Friends''	395	(3)
Robyn E. Blumner
``Protecting Our Children from Internet Smut: Moral Duty or Moral Panic?''	398	(7)
Julia Wilkins
Internet Issues: Privacy, Ownership, Entrapment	405	(18)
``If All the World's a Computer''	406	(2)
Peter McGrath
``Technology Will Solve Web Privacy Problems''	408	(3)
Lawrence Lessig
``E-Mail or E-Sting? Your Boss Knows, but He's Not Telling''	411	(2)
Michael Schrage
``Napster Should Be Playing Jailhouse Rock''	413	(2)
Paul Kedrosky
``Hear Me Play, but Respect My Rights''	415	(4)
Jenny Toomey
``Will We Have Any Privacy Left?''	419	(4)
David Gelernter
The Animal Rights Debate	423	(24)
``Chimpanzees--Bridging the Gap''	424	(7)
Jane Goodall
``On the Rights of an Ape''	431	(5)
Daniel W. McShea
``The Next Rights Revolution?''	436	(4)
Richard A. Epstein
``Animal Rights v. Animal Research: A Modest Proposal''	440	(2)
Joseph Bernatein
``A Reply to Joseph Bernstein''	442	(5)
Timothy Sprigge
Immigration and Immigrants	447	(22)
``The Border Patrol State''	448	(5)
Leslie Marmon Silko
``Revolution in America''	453	(6)
William Norman Grigg
``Saved by Immigrants''	459	(2)
Charles Krauthammer
``Illegal Aliens''	461	(8)
George J. Borjas
Issues in Education	469	(16)
``But Does It Work?''	470	(3)
Alan B. Krueger
``Put Teachers to the Test''	473	(2)
Diane Ravitch
``The Dumbing Down of Education Is Becoming an International Trend''	475	(2)
Thomas Sowell
``Cakewalk to College ''	477	(2)
Jackson Toby
``Affirmative Action for Men?''	479	(3)
Katha Pollitt
``Cyber U: What's Missing''	482	(3)
Michele Tolela Myers
Race, Gender, and Identity	485	(26)
``Extending the Reach of Affirmative Action''	486	(7)
Charles R Lawrence III
Mari J. Matsuda
``California's Big Squeeze''	493	(4)
Gregory Rodriguez
Ronald Takaki
``X-Percent Plans''	497	(3)
Shelby Steele
``The Problem of the Color Line''	500	(2)
Anna Quindlen
``It's Time We Rejected the Racial Litmus Test''	502	(2)
Cacelie Berry
``The Scouts Take Their Stereotypes to Court''	504	(3)
John Shelby Spong
``The Dissension of Species''	507	(4)
Lisa Mundy
Examining Marriage and Family	511	(38)
``Daughters of the Revolution ''	512	(4)
Patricia Dalto
``Will Women Still Need Men?''	516	(4)
Barbara Ehrenreich
``Will Gay Marriage Be Legal?''	520	(1)
John Cloud
``Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron''	521	(3)
Lisa Schiffren
``Remaking Marriage and Family''	524	(8)
Betty Carter
Joan K. Peters
``Social Science Finds: 'Marriage Matters'''	532	(7)
Linda J. Waite
``How to End the Abortion War''	539	(10)
Roger Rosenblatt
Global Issues: The Environment, Poverty, and the New Global Economy	549	(18)
``The Uncertain Science of Global Warming ''	550	(7)
S. George philander
``A Global Green Deal''	557	(3)
Mark Hertsgaard
``Why Mother Nature Should Love Cyberspace''	560	(2)
Chris Taylor
``Who's Afraid of Globalization?''	562	(5)
Gregg Esterbrook
Twenty-first-Century Living: Where Are We Headed? Where Do We Want to Go?	567	(18)
``A Rude Awakening ''	568	(3)
Nancy Ann Jeffrey
``'Numbed Down in America''	571	(3)
Mark Steinberg
``The Idiocy of Urban Life''	574	(5)
Henry Fairlie
``Are We Coming Apart or Together?''	579	(3)
Pico Iyer
``A Sense of Belonging''	582	(3)
David Gergen
Some Classic Arguments	585	(74)
``A Modest Proposal''	585	(7)
Jonathan Swift
``Civil Disobedience''	592	(15)
Henry David Thoreau
``Declaration of Sentiments''	607	(2)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
``On Liberty''	609	(7)
John Stuart Mill, fro
``I Have a Dream''	616	(5)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
APPENDIX
Understanding Literature	621	(1)
Getting the Facts: Active Reading, Summary, and Paraphrase	622	(1)
``Promise''	622	(1)
Paul Lawrence Dunbar
``Early Autumn''	623	(2)
Langston Hughes
Summary of ``Early Autumn''	624	(1)
``Sonnet 116''	625	(2)
William Shakespeare
Paraphrase of ``Sonnet 116''	625	(2)
Seeing Connections: Analysis	627	(2)
Analysis of Narrative Structure	627	(1)
Analysis of Character	628	(1)
Analysis of Elements of Style and Tone	629	(1)
Drawing Conclusions: Interpretation	629	(1)
Writing about Literature	630	(1)
``Sonnet 73''	630	(1)
William Shakespeare
``To His Coy Mistress''	631	(2)
Andrew Marvell
``The Man He Killed''	633	(1)
Thomas Hardy
``Taxi''	634	(1)
Amy Lowell
``Story of an Hour''	635	(2)
Kate Chopin
``The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas''	637	(5)
Ursula K. Le Guin
Trifles	642	(15)
Susan Glaspell
Writing Assignments	657	(2)
Credits	659	(6)
Index	665