Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL : A Resource Book for K-12 Teachers

by Peregoy, Suzanne F.; Boyle, Owen F.

• ISBN13: 9780801332494
• ISBN10: 0801332494
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This is an old edition! Please see the fourth edition, ISBN: 0-205-41034-0, to view the most up-to-date information about this book. This comprehensive and accessible text provides practical strategies for promoting literacy and language development in second language learners (K-12). It explores contemporary language acquisition theory as it relates to instruction and provides suggestions and methods on motivating and involving ESL students.

Author Biography

Suzanne F. Peregoy is professor of education at San Francisco State University Owen F. Boyle is a professor of education in reading and language arts, San Jose State University.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
English Language Learners in School	1	(27)
Who Are English Language Learners?	3	(1)
How Can I Get to Know My English Language Learners?	4	(4)
Getting Basic Information When a New Student Arrives	4	(2)
Classroom Activities That Let You Get to Know Your Students	6	(2)
How Do Cultural Differences Affect Teaching and Learning?	8	(7)
Culture in the Classroom Context	9	(1)
Definitions of Culture and Its Content	9	(3)
Sociolinguistic Interactions in the Classroom	12	(1)
Culturally Related Responses to Classroom Organization	13	(1)
Literacy Traditions from Home and Community	14	(1)
How Can I Ease Newcomers into the Routines of My Classroom When They Know Little or No English?	15	(3)
First Things First: Safety and Security	15	(1)
Creating a Sense of Belonging	16	(2)
What Kinds of Programs Exist to Meet the Needs of English Language Learners?	18	(8)
Bilingual Education Programs	18	(6)
English Language Development Programs	24	(1)
English Language Learners in the ``General Education'' Classroom	25	(1)
Quality Indicators to Look For in Programs Serving English Learners	25	(1)
Summary	26	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	26	(1)
Activities	27	(1)
Second Language Acquisition	28	(33)
What Do You Know When You Know a Language? Defining Language Proficiency as Communicative Competence	29	(4)
Language Acquisition Theories	33	(13)
First Language Acquisition Theories	34	(6)
Second Language Acquisition Theories	40	(6)
Learning a Second Language in School: Processes and Factors	46	(12)
Second Language Acquisition Contexts: Formal Study versus Immersion in a Country Where the Language Is Spoken	47	(2)
Age and the Interplay of Sociocultural, Cognitive, and Personality Factors	49	(2)
Differences in School Expectations of Younger and Older Learners	51	(1)
Teacher Expectations for English Learner Achievement	52	(1)
Language Used for Social Interaction versus Language Used for Academic Learning	53	(2)
Comprehensible Input and Social Interaction	55	(2)
What about Language Learning Errors?	57	(1)
Summary	58	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	59	(1)
Activities	60	(1)
Classroom Practices for English Learner Instruction	61	(43)
Sheltered Instruction or Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English (SDAIE)	64	(8)
Planning and Organizing Sheltered Instruction or SDAIE	65	(1)
Sheltered Instruction or SDAIE: A Science Example	65	(5)
Sheltered Instruction or SDAIE: A Literature Example	70	(2)
Group Work	72	(5)
Organizing Group Work	72	(2)
Cooperative Learning Methods	74	(1)
Phases of Cooperative Group Development	75	(1)
Jigsaw	76	(1)
Thematic Instruction	77	(8)
Distinguishing Theme Units from Theme Cycles	79	(1)
Organizing Thematic Instruction	80	(3)
Functional Language and Literacy Uses in Thematic Instruction	83	(1)
Creating Variety in Language and Literacy Uses	84	(1)
Scaffolding	85	(9)
Scaffolding: A KEEP Example	86	(3)
Scaffolding in First Language Acquisition Research	89	(1)
Scaffolding Applied to Second Language Acquisition	90	(2)
Scaffolds for First and Second Language Reading and Writing	92	(2)
Assessment of English Learners	94	(7)
English Learner Assessment: Definition and Purposes	94	(2)
Identification and Placement of Students in Need of Language Education Support Services	96	(1)
Limitations of Standardized Language Proficiency Tests	97	(1)
Redesignation to FEP	98	(1)
Program Evaluation	98	(1)
Assessment of Student Learning and Progress	99	(2)
Summary	101	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	102	(1)
Activities	103	(1)
Oral Language Development in Second Language Acquisition	104	(42)
Oral Language in Perspective	105	(6)
Integration of Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing	106	(1)
Relationships among Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing	107	(2)
Form, Function, and Social Context in Oral Language Use	109	(2)
Describing Oral Language Performance of Beginning and Intermediate English Learners	111	(5)
Second Language Oral Proficiency of Beginning English Learners	112	(3)
Second Language Oral Proficiency of Intermediate English Learners	115	(1)
Promoting Oral Language Development in the Classroom	116	(10)
Songs	118	(1)
Drama	118	(1)
Dramatizing Poetry	119	(2)
Show and Tell	121	(1)
One Looks, One Doesn't	121	(1)
Tape Recording Children's Re-Creations of Wordless Book Stories	122	(1)
Taping and Dubbing a Television Show	123	(1)
Choral Reading	124	(1)
Riddles and Jokes	125	(1)
Oral Language Development through Content-Area Instruction	126	(5)
Oral English Development and Use in Mathematics	126	(2)
Oral English Development and Use in Science	128	(1)
Oral English Development and Use in Social Studies	129	(2)
Classroom Assessment of English Learners' Oral Language Development	131	(11)
The Student Oral Language Observation Matrix (SOLOM)	131	(7)
Checklists and Anecdotal Observations	138	(4)
Summary	142	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	143	(1)
Activities	144	(2)
Emergent Literacy: English Learners Beginning to Write and Read	146	(56)
What Does Research Tell Us about the Early Literacy Development of English Learners?	149	(2)
Contrasting the Emergent Literacy and Reading Readiness Perspectives	151	(5)
Reading Readiness Perspective	151	(2)
Emergent Literacy Perspective	153	(2)
Differences between Oral and Written Language Development	155	(1)
Highlighting Literacy Functions in Your Classroom	156	(1)
Exploring the Visual Form of Written Language	157	(11)
Development of Alphabetic Writing: Connecting Symbols and Sounds	159	(4)
Print Concepts That Emerge in Emergent Literacy	163	(2)
Invented or Temporary Spelling: Children Working Out Sound/Symbol Correspondences	165	(3)
Emergent Literacy in English as a Non-native Language	168	(2)
Home and School Environments That Nurture Emergent Literacy	170	(6)
How Do Home Environments Promote Early Literacy?	171	(2)
Family Literacy Programs	173	(1)
Promoting Parent Involvement in English Learners' Schooling	174	(2)
Classroom Strategies to Promote Early Literacy	176	(9)
Early Literacy Goals	176	(1)
Creating a Literacy-Rich Classroom Environment	177	(2)
Books, Books, Books	179	(1)
Using Daily Routines to Highlight the Forms and Functions of Print	179	(2)
Reading Aloud to Students	181	(2)
Shared Writing and Reading through the Language Experience Approach	183	(1)
Dialogue Journals	183	(1)
Alphabet Books	184	(1)
Helping Children Recognize and Spell Words Independently	185	(10)
Using Big Books to Teach Sight Words and Phonics	185	(1)
Increasing Students' Sight Word Vocabulary	186	(1)
Phonics	187	(1)
Word Families	188	(2)
Invented or Temporary Spelling and Word Recognition	190	(1)
Developmental Levels in Student Spelling	190	(5)
Summary of Early Literacy Instructional Strategies	195	(1)
Evaluating Emergent Literacy Development	195	(3)
Summary	198	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	199	(1)
Activities	200	(2)
English Learners and Process Writing	202	(55)
Research on Second Language Writing	204	(2)
What Is Process Writing?	206	(5)
Experiencing Process Writing: ``I Remember''	207	(1)
Students' Responses to ``I Remember''	208	(3)
How Process Writing Helps English Learners	211	(1)
Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing	212	(8)
Response Groups	212	(5)
Peer Editing Groups	217	(1)
Publishing Student Writing	218	(2)
Developmental Phases in Second Language Writing	220	(1)
Description of Beginning Writers	221	(2)
Strategies to Assist Beginning Writers	223	(11)
Strategies to Assist Beginning Writers	223	(1)
Oral Discussion	224	(1)
Partner Stories Using Pictures and Wordless Books	224	(1)
Concept Books: Creating a Teaching Library	225	(1)
Peek-a-boo Books for Younger Students and Riddle Books for Older Students	225	(1)
Pattern Poems	226	(1)
From Personal Journals to Dialogue Journals to Buddy Journals	227	(3)
Improvisational Sign Language	230	(1)
Life Murals	231	(1)
Clustering	232	(1)
Freewriting	233	(1)
Description of Intermediate Writers	234	(2)
Strategies for Intermediate Writers	236	(9)
Show and Not Tell	237	(1)
Sentence Combining	238	(1)
Sentence Shortening	239	(1)
Sentence Models	240	(2)
Mapping	242	(3)
A Word about Writing with Computers	245	(2)
Assessing English Learners' Writing Progress	247	(6)
Portfolio Assessment	247	(4)
Holistic Scoring	251	(2)
Summary	253	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	255	(1)
Activities	255	(2)
Reading and Literature Instruction for English Language Learners	257	(50)
What Does Research Tell Us about Reading in a Second Language?	259	(4)
Second Language Readers	260	(1)
English Language Learners and Background Knowledge	260	(2)
Reading Processes of Proficient Readers	262	(1)
Working in Literature Response Groups	263	(4)
Steps That Prepare Students to Work in Response Groups	265	(1)
How Response to Literature Assists English Language Learners	266	(1)
Developmental Phases in Second Language Reading	267	(1)
Beginning Readers: Characteristics and Strategies	267	(13)
Language-Experience Approach	268	(3)
Providing Quality Literature for Beginners	271	(1)
Patterned Books	272	(2)
Illustrating Stories and Poems	274	(1)
Shared Reading with Big Books	274	(2)
Directed Listening-Thinking Activity (DL-TA)	276	(2)
Readers' Theater	278	(1)
Story Mapping	279	(1)
Intermediate Readers: Characteristics and Strategies	280	(9)
Cognitive Mapping	281	(3)
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA)	284	(2)
Literature Response Journals	286	(2)
Developing Scripts for Readers' Theater	288	(1)
Adapting Stories into Plays and Scripts for Film and Videotape	288	(1)
Using Computers and CD-ROMs to Enhance Learning	289	(1)
Assessing Second Language Readers' Progress	289	(14)
Assessing with Materials Students Bring to Class	290	(1)
Informal Assessment	290	(1)
Miscue Analysis	291	(8)
Informal Reading Inventories	299	(1)
Running Records	299	(2)
Student Self-Assessment	301	(2)
Summary	303	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	305	(1)
Activities	306	(1)
Content Reading and Writing: Prereading and During Reading	307	(34)
What Does Research Tell Us about Reading and Writing across the Curriculum for English Language Learners?	311	(1)
Background Information on Students' Interactions with Texts	312	(8)
Aesthetic and Efferent Interactions with Texts	312	(1)
Effects of Text Structure on Comprehension and Memory	313	(6)
Literary Structure	319	(1)
Metacognition and Learning from Text	320	(1)
Matching Students and Texts	320	(4)
Evaluating Students' Interaction with Text Using the Group Reading Inventory (GRI)	321	(3)
Strategies to Promote Reading Comprehension	324	(2)
Prereading Strategies: Developing Motivation, Purpose, and Background Knowledge	326	(6)
Teacher Talk: Making Purposes Clear	326	(2)
Field Trips and Films	328	(1)
Simulation Games	328	(1)
Experiments	329	(1)
Developing Vocabulary before Students Read a Text	329	(1)
Structured Overviews	330	(1)
Preview Guides	330	(1)
Anticipation Guides	331	(1)
During-Reading Strategies: Monitoring Comprehension	332	(6)
Using Headings and Subheadings	333	(1)
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA)	333	(1)
Vocabulary Strategies during Reading	334	(1)
Using Clustering to Develop Vocabulary in Context	335	(1)
Jigsaw Procedure	336	(2)
Learning Logs	338	(1)
Summary	338	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	339	(1)
Activities	340	(1)
Content Reading and Writing: Postreading Strategies For Organizing and Remembering	341	(31)
Postreading Strategies for Students	342	(6)
Semantic Feature Analysis for Vocabulary Development after Reading	343	(1)
Rebearsing to Organize and Remember Information	344	(1)
Venn Diagrams	345	(1)
Mapping	346	(2)
Writing as a Learning Tool across the Curriculum	348	(9)
Journals and Learning Logs	348	(2)
Developing Topics and Student Self-Selection of Topics in Content Areas	350	(2)
Photo Essays: Combining Direct Experience, the Visual Mode, and Writing	352	(1)
Written and Oral Collaborative Research Projects	353	(3)
K-W-L, a Strategy That Fosters Thinking before, during, and after Reading	356	(1)
Theme Studies: Providing a Meaningful Learning Context	357	(7)
Introducting the Topic and Choosing Study Questions	357	(3)
Organizing Instruction	360	(1)
Instructional Modifications for English Learners	361	(3)
Assessment	364	(4)
Portfolio Assessment	364	(3)
Using Multiple Measures for Assessment	367	(1)
Summary	368	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	369	(1)
Activities	370	(2)
Reading Assessment and Instruction	372	(40)
Theoretical Approach to Literacy Assessment	374	(11)
Language Proficiency: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing	374	(5)
Looking Closely at the Reading Process in English	379	(3)
Resources that Non-Native-English Speakers Bring to English Reading	382	(3)
Assessing Reading Using an Informal Reading Inventory	385	(15)
Using IRIs to Systematically Assess Students Status and Progress	386	(2)
Reading Levels Can be Established Using Informal Reading Inventories	388	(1)
Procedures for Determining Independent, Instructional and Frustration Levels	388	(1)
Independent Reading Level	389	(1)
Instructional Reading Level	389	(1)
Frustration Reading Level	390	(1)
Sample Informal Reading Inventory	390	(2)
Case Study of Lou Using an IRI	392	(4)
Summary of Lou's Reading Abilities	396	(4)
A List of Commercial Informal Reading Inventories	400	(1)
Other Procedures for Evaluating and Instructing Struggling Readers Linking Assessment and Instruction	400	(1)
Echo Reading	400	(1)
Linking Assessment and Instruction	401	(8)
Guided Reading	402	(4)
ReQuest Procedure	406	(2)
Silent Sustained Reading	408	(1)
Read Alouds	408	(1)
Summary	409	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	409	(1)
Activities	410	(2)
Afterword	412	(5)
Bibliography	417	(19)
Author Index	436
Subject Index