Resilient Cultures America's Native Peoples Confront European Colonialization 1500-1800

by Kicza, John E; Horn, Rebecca

• ISBN13: 9780205693580
• ISBN10: 020569358X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-06-27
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Provides a comparative perspective on the impact of early European colonization on the native peoples of the Americas. Resilient Culturesexamines the character of the indigenous cultures of the Americas before European contact and then considers the impact of colonization by the Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch, and English as well as the creative ways in which indigenous cultures adapted to colonization. The text explores such issues as environmental change, the nature of military conflicts, the cultural and material contributions of each side to the other, the importance of economic exchanges, and demographic transformations. Learning Goals Upon completing this book readers will be able to: Understand the impact of European colonization on the native societies of the Americas Explain how native cultures were transformed by the unprecedented pressures placed on them by the European settlements Discuss the ways local indigenous people influenced the course of colonial history, affecting the economies, cultures, and social patterns of the European settlers Note:MySearchLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySearchLab, please visit:www.mysearchlab.comor you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205098576 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205098576.

Author Biography

John E. Kicza is the former department of history co-chair at Washington State University. He was as an associate dean of the college of liberal arts at WSU from 2001–2005 and served on the graduate faculty of the American studies program. He is also a former Edward R. Meyer distinguished professor. Kicza received his Ph.D. from UCLA in 1979. His fields of expertise are Latin American history and early European overseas culture contacts. His books include The Indian in Latin American History: Resistance, Resilience, and Acculturation (Scholarly Resources, 2000) and The Social History of Spanish America in the National Period (Academia

Nacional de la Historia de Venezuela, 1998). His articles, chapters and entries have appeared in such journals as the William and Mary Quarterly, Hispanic American Historical Review, Renaissance Quarterly and the Latin American Research Review. He retired in June 2009.

Table of Contents

MySearchLab Connections: Sources Online	p. ix
Documents	p. xii
Illustrations	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
MySearchLab Connections	p. 3
The Native Societies of the Americas Before Contact	p. 5
The Coming of Humans to the Americas and the Agricultural Revolution	p. 5
Sedentary Imperial Societies	p. 7
Landholding Patterns and Forms of Production and Distribution	p. 13
Empires and Warfare	p. 17
Semisedentary Societies	p. 18
The Primacy of Community and Lineage	p. 24
Nonsedentary Hunters and Gatherers	p. 25
The Native Population of the Americas on the Eve of Contact	p. 27
Conclusion	p. 27
Select Bibliography	p. 28
MySearchLab Connections	p. 29
Endnotes	p. 30
The Conquests and Initial Establishment of Colonies in Latin America	p. 31
The European Setting	p. 31
Iberia's Early Efforts at Exploration	p. 33
Spaniards in the Caribbean	p. 33
Organization and Functioning of Spanish Expeditions of Conquest	p. 37
Conquest of the Sedentary Imperial Societies	p. 43
Conquest and Semisedentary and Nonsedentary Peoples	p. 53
Conclusion	p. 54
Select Bibliography	p. 56
MySearchlab Connections	p. 56
Endnotes	p. 57
Colonial Spanish America and Its Impact on the Sedentary Imperial Societies	p. 59
Spanish Colonists and Their Expectations	p. 59
Retention of Indigenous Provincial Organization	p. 61
Fragmentation and Its Impact	p. 62
Demographic Collapse and Its Consequences	p. 65
Tribute and Labor Service Systems	p. 67
Urban Indians	p. 69
Race Mixture and Its Recognition	p. 71
Creative Adaptations at the Local Level	p. 72
Changes in Material Culture	p. 75
The Christianization of Native Peoples	p. 76
The Cult of the Saints	p. 78
Language and Cultural Change in Mesoamerican Communities	p. 81
The Character of Native Revolts	p. 81
The Impact of Eighteenth-Century Population Growth	p. 83
Conclusion	p. 84
Select Bibliography	p. 85
MySearchLab Connections	p. 86
Endnotes	p. 87
Spanish and Portuguese Interactions with Semisedentary and Nonsedentary Peoples	p. 89
Migration and an Enduring Frontier among the Maya of the Yucatan Peninsula	p. 90
Muted Transformations among the Pacified Maya	p. 91
The Portuguese and the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil	p. 94
Spanish Settlement among the Guaraní of Greater Paraguay	p. 102
The Araucanians of Southern Chile	p. 104
Limited Spanish Success against the Hunter-Gatherers of the Mexican Desert North	p. 107
Missions in Spanish and Portuguese America	p. 109
Conclusion	p. 113
Select Bibliography	p. 114
MySearchLab Connections	p. 115
Endnotes	p. 116
Native Responses to Settlement in the East and Southwest in North America	p. 117
Spain in Eastern North America	p. 117
Spain in the American Southwest	p. 119
The French Arrival in Canada	p. 125
The French Avoidance of Conflicts over Land and Authority	p. 129
The Fur Trade and the Huron	p. 129
French Warfare Against the Iroquois	p. 132
French Settlement Along the St. Lawrence in the Eighteenth Century	p. 134
The Canadian West and Mississippi River Valley in the Eighteenth Century	p. 136
The Dutch in New Netherland	p. 137
The Dutch Fur Trade at Fort Orange	p. 13
Dutch Settlement around New Amsterdam and Its Impact on the Native Peoples	p. 139
Conclusion	p. 141
Select Bibliography	p. 142
MySearchLab Connections	p. 143
Endnotes	p. 144
The British and the Indians of Eastern North America	p. 146
Early English Undertakings in North America	p. 147
Jamestown and English Settlement in the Chesapeake	p. 147
Puritan Settlement in New England and the Rapid Transformation of the Local Peoples	p. 153
The Iroquois in the Eighteenth Century	p. 158
The Carolinas in the Eighteenth Century	p. 163
The Native Peoples West of the Appalachians in the Eighteenth Century	p. 165
Conclusion	p. 168
Select Bibliography	p. 168
MySearchLab Connections	p. 170
Endnotes	p. 171
Enduring Connections between the New World and the Old	p. 173
The Movement of Peoples	p. 174
The Movement of Diseases	p. 175
The Movement of Animals	p. 175
The Movement of Plants	p. 176
The Movement of Precious Metals	p. 179
By Way of ConclusionùEnduring Patterns in the Americas	p. 182
Select Bibliography	p. 185
MySearchLab Connections	p. 186
Endnotes	p. 187
Bibliography	p. 188
Index	p. 196
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