Preface | p. xiii |
Getting Started: Computers, Grammar, Sentences, and Paragraphs | p. 1 |
Standard English: Who Needs It? | p. 1 |
Writing with the Computer | p. 3 |
Writing Sentences | p. 4 |
Editing Exercise | p. 4 |
The Paragraph: An Overview | p. 6 |
Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs | p. 6 |
Introductions | p. 7 |
Conclusions | p. 8 |
Writing Paragraphs | p. 10 |
The Parts of Speech: A Review | p. 12 |
The Noun | p. 13 |
The Pronoun | p. 13 |
The Verb | p. 15 |
The Adjective | p. 18 |
The Adverb | p. 21 |
The Preposition | p. 23 |
The Conjunction | p. 26 |
The Interjection | p. 28 |
A Word of Caution | p. 28 |
Editing Exercises | p. 29 |
Writing Sentences: The Parts of Speech | p. 30 |
Parts of Speech | p. 31 |
Parts of Speech | p. 33 |
Writing Paragraphs: The Topic Sentence and Unity in the Paragraph | p. 35 |
Finding the Subject and the Verb in the Sentence | p. 43 |
The Subject and the Verb | p. 43 |
Finding the Verb | p. 44 |
Action Verbs | p. 45 |
Linking Verbs | p. 45 |
Words Mistaken for the Verb | p. 48 |
Finding the Subject | p. 51 |
Subjects and Other Words in the Sentence | p. 51 |
Simple and Complete Subjects | p. 52 |
Compound Subjects | p. 52 |
Subjects in Inverted Sentences | p. 53 |
Subjects with Verbs in Active and Passive Voice | p. 54 |
Subjects and Prepositional Phrases | p. 56 |
Subjects and Verbs in Compound and Complex Sentences | p. 57 |
Editing Exercises | p. 61 |
Writing Sentences: Identifying Subjects and Verbs | p. 62 |
Finding the Subject and the Verb in the Sentence | p. 63 |
Finding the Subject and the Verb in the Sentence | p. 65 |
Writing Paragraphs: Coherence in the Paragraph Through Chronological Order | p. 67 |
Making the Subject and Verb Agree | p. 70 |
Subject-Verb Agreement | p. 70 |
Editing Exercises | p. 82 |
Writing Sentences: Subject and Verb Agreement | p. 83 |
Making the Subject and Verb Agree | p. 85 |
Making the Subject and Verb Agree | p. 87 |
Writing Paragraphs: Coherence in the Paragraph Through Spatial Order | p. 89 |
Common Errors Involving Verbs | p. 93 |
Regular Verbs | p. 94 |
Irregular Verbs | p. 95 |
Suggestions for Using Irregular Verbs | p. 95 |
Using the Correct Tense | p. 100 |
A Few Suggestions for Using the Correct Tense | p. 103 |
Shifts in Tense | p. 105 |
Two Pairs of Irregular Verbs: Lie and Lay and Sit and Set | p. 107 |
Lie and Lay | p. 107 |
Sit and Set | p. 108 |
Editing Exercises | p. 111 |
Writing Sentences: The Correct Form of the Verb | p. 113 |
Common Errors Involving Verbs | p. 114 |
Common Errors Involving Verbs | p. 116 |
Writing Paragraphs: Coherence in the Paragraph Through Order of Importance | p. 118 |
Using the Correct Form of the Pronoun | p. 121 |
The Classes of Pronouns | p. 122 |
Personal Pronouns | p. 123 |
Subject Pronouns | p. 123 |
Object Pronouns | p. 126 |
Possessive Pronouns | p. 129 |
Relative Pronouns | p. 131 |
Who, Which, and That: Special Uses | p. 131 |
Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns: Pronouns Ending in -self and -selves | p. 132 |
Some Problems with Pronouns: Who and Whom | p. 133 |
Editing Exercises | p. 135 |
Writing Sentences: Using the Correct Form of the Pronoun | p. 136 |
Using the Correct Form of the Pronoun | p. 137 |
Using the Correct Form of the Pronoun | p. 139 |
Writing Paragraphs: Coherence in the Paragraph by Using Transitional Words and Phrases | p. 141 |
Common Errors in Pronoun Agreement and Reference | p. 146 |
Agreement in Number | p. 147 |
Agreement in Person | p. 152 |
Pronoun Reference | p. 154 |
Avoiding Sexism in Pronoun Usage | p. 156 |
Editing Exercises | p. 158 |
Writing Sentences: Avoiding Common Errors in Pronoun Usage | p. 159 |
Common Errors in Pronoun Agreement and Reference | p. 160 |
Common Errors in Pronoun Agreement and Reference | p. 162 |
Writing Paragraphs: Developing a Paragraph by Using Examples | p. 164 |
Compound and Complex Sentences | p. 168 |
Compound Sentences | p. 168 |
Punctuating Compound Sentences | p. 170 |
Complex Sentences | p. 172 |
Three Kinds of Dependent Clauses | p. 174 |
Editing Exercises | p. 180 |
Writing Sentences: Using a Variety of Sentence Types | p. 181 |
Compound and Complex Sentences | p. 183 |
Compound and Complex Sentences | p. 185 |
Writing Paragraphs: Developing a Paragraph by Comparison and Contrast | p. 187 |
Correcting Sentence Fragments, Run-on Sentences, and Comma-Splices | p. 190 |
Sentence Fragments | p. 190 |
Phrases as Fragments | p. 191 |
Dependent Clauses as Fragments | p. 195 |
Run-on Sentences | p. 196 |
Comma-Splices | p. 198 |
Comma-Splices and Conjunctive Adverbs | p. 200 |
Editing Exercise | p. 202 |
Writing Sentences: Avoiding Fragments, Run-on Sentences, and Comma-Splices | p. 203 |
Correcting Sentence Fragments, Run-on Sentences, and Comma-Splices | p. 204 |
Correcting Sentence Fragments, Run-on Sentences, and Comma-Splices | p. 206 |
Writing Paragraphs: Developing a Paragraph by Classification | p. 208 |
Confused Sentences | p. 211 |
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | p. 211 |
Illogical Comparisons | p. 216 |
Confusing Adjectives and Adverbs | p. 218 |
Using Adjectives after Linking Verbs | p. 218 |
Using Adverbs to Modify Verbs | p. 220 |
Parallel Structure | p. 221 |
Editing Exercises | p. 224 |
Writing Sentences: Avoiding Confused Sentences | p. 225 |
Confused Sentences | p. 227 |
Confused Sentences | p. 229 |
Writing Paragraphs: Developing a Paragraph by Process and Analysis | p. 231 |
Punctuation and Capitalization | p. 234 |
End Marks | p. 234 |
The Period | p. 234 |
The Question Mark | p. 235 |
The Exclamation Point | p. 236 |
Internal Punctuation | p. 237 |
The Comma | p. 237 |
Additional Uses of the Comma | p. 242 |
Omitting Commas | p. 245 |
The Semicolon | p. 246 |
The Colon | p. 248 |
Parentheses | p. 249 |
The Dash | p. 250 |
Quotation Marks | p. 251 |
Italics | p. 252 |
The Hyphen | p. 254 |
The Apostrophe | p. 255 |
Numbers | p. 258 |
Editing Exercises | p. 260 |
Writing Sentences: Using Correct Punctuation | p. 261 |
Capitalization | p. 261 |
Editing Exercises | p. 267 |
Writing Sentences: Using Correct Capitalization | p. 268 |
Punctuation | p. 269 |
Punctuation | p. 272 |
Writing Paragraphs: Developing a Paragraph by Cause and Effect | p. 275 |
A Checklist for the ESL Writer | p. 278 |
Learning to Use Articles and Quantifiers | p. 279 |
Articles (a/an and the) | p. 279 |
Quantifiers | p. 283 |
Problems with Verbs | p. 285 |
The Twelve Verb Tenses | p. 286 |
Tips for Choosing the Right Tense | p. 290 |
Learning to Use Verb Phrases | p. 294 |
Learning to Use Adjectives and Adverbs | p. 296 |
Common Expressions | p. 298 |
Using Used To | p. 298 |
Using When and If | p. 299 |
Using Since and For | p. 299 |
Using -s and -es | p. 300 |
Problems with Word Order and Unnecessary Words | p. 300 |
Adjectives | p. 300 |
Adverbs | p. 301 |
Repetition of the Subject | p. 302 |
Other Problems with Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation | p. 302 |
Additional Reference Books for ESL Students | p. 303 |
A Brief Guide for Avoiding Errors in Grammar and Usage | p. 304 |
A Glossary of Usage | p. 308 |
A Glossary of Grammatical Terms | p. 313 |
Answers to Selected Exercises | p. 321 |
Credits | p. 327 |
Index | p. 328 |
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