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9780199578641

Roman Christianity and Roman Stoicism A Comparative Study of Ancient Morality

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780199578641

  • ISBN10:

    0199578648

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2010-07-15
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

Christianity is commonly held to have introduced an entirely new and better morality into the ancient world, a new morality that was decidedly universal, in contrast to the ethics of the philosophical schools which were only concerned with the intellectual few. Runar M. Thorsteinsson presents a challenge to this view by comparing Christian morality in first-century Rome with contemporary Stoic ethics in the city. Thorsteinsson introduces and discusses the moral teaching of Roman Stoicism; of Seneca, Musonius Rufus, and Epictetus. He then presents the moral teaching of Roman Christianity as it is represented in Paul's Letter to the Romans, the First Letter of Peter, and the First Letter of Clement. Having established the bases for his comparison, he examines the similarities and differences between Roman Stoicism and Roman Christianity in terms of morality. Five broad themes are used for the comparison, questions of Christian and Stoic views about: a particular morality or way of life as proper worship of the deity; certain individuals (like Jesus and Socrates) as paradigms for the proper way of life; the importance of mutual love and care; non-retaliation and 'love of enemies'; and the social dimension of ethics. This approach reveals a fundamental similarity between the moral teachings of Roman Christianity and Roman Stoicism. The most basic difference is found in the ethical scope of the two: While the latter teaches unqualified universal humanity, the former seems to condition the ethical scope in terms of religious adherence.

Author Biography


Runar Thorsteinsson is from the University of Copenhagen.

Table of Contents

Abbreviationsp. xi
Introductionp. 1
Comparisons of Stoic and Christian Moralityp. 1
The Present Approach: Focusing on First-Century Romep. 5
Methodological Issues and Procedure of the Studyp. 7
Moral Teaching in Roman Stoicism
Introduction to Roman Stoicismp. 13
Rome and Roman Stoicismp. 13
'Roman Stoicism': Definition and Assessment of Primary Sourcesp. 20
Lucius Annaeus Senecap. 22
Introduction: A Noble Philosopher and Politicianp. 22
Moral Teaching in Seneca: Loving Each and Allp. 27
Gaius Musonius Rufusp. 40
Introduction: A Social and Political Provocateurp. 40
Moral Teaching in Musonius: The Welfare of the Neighbourp. 43
Epictetusp. 55
Introduction: A Learned Ex-Slavep. 55
Moral Teaching in Epictetus: Love without Limitsp. 58
Moral Teaching in Roman Christianity
Introduction to Roman Christianityp. 73
First-Century Roman Christianityp. 73
'Roman Christianity': Definition and Assessment of Primary Sourcesp. 86
Paul's Letter to the Romansp. 89
Introduction: Proclaiming the Teaching in Romanp. 89
Moral Teaching in Romans: Mutual Love, Respect, and Adaptabilityp. 92
The First Letter of Peterp. 105
Introduction: An Encyclical Letter with General Exhortationsp. 105
Moral Teaching in 1 Peter: Love as the Primary Virtuep. 107
From Paul to 'Peter': A Continuity of Moral Teachingsp. 113
The First Letter of Clementp. 117
Introduction: An Epistolary Request for Unityp. 117
Moral Teaching in 1 Clement: Unity, Love, and Social Obligationp. 120
From Paul to 'Clement': Continuity and Application of Moral Teachingp. 130
Roman Christianity and Roman Stoicism: A Comparison
Moral Teachings Comparedp. 137
A Particular Way of Life as Proper Worshipp. 137
Clothing Oneself with Christ and Seeking to be a Socratesp. 149
Mutual Love and Carep. 156
Non-Retaliation and 'Love of Enemies'p. 166
The Social Dimensionp. 175
Ethical Scope Comparedp. 190
Ethical Scope in Roman Stoicism: Universal Humanityp. 190
Ethical Scope in Romans: 'Universal Love'?p. 192
Ethical Scope in 1 Peter: Loving the 'Brotherhood'p. 198
Ethical Scope in 1 Clement: The 'Brotherhood' and Roman Societyp. 201
Ethical Scope in Roman Christianity: Concluding Summaryp. 205
Conclusionp. 207
Bibliographyp. 210
Copyright Acknowledgementsp. 224
Index of Modern Authorsp. 227
Index of Ancient Referencesp. 230
Index of Namesp. 247
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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