Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924

by Becker,Seymour

• ISBN13: 9780415328036
• ISBN10: 0415328039
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-15
• Publisher: RoutledgeCurzon

Summary

This book examines the Russian conquest of the ancient Central Asian khanates of Bukhara and Khiva in the 1860s and 1870s, and the relationship between Russia and the territories until their extinction as political entities in 1924. It shows how Russia's approach developed from one of non-intervention, with the primary aim of preventing British expansion from India into the region, to one of increasing intervention as trade and Russian settlement grew. It goes on to discuss the role of Bukhara and Khiva in the First World War and the Russian Revolution, and how the region was fundamentally changed following the Bolshevik conquest in 1919-20.

Author Biography

Seymour Becker is Professor Emeritus of History, Rutgers University (New Jersey, USA).

Table of Contents

Introduction
Supplementary Bibliography
Part One: The Russian Conquest
1. The Setting	3	(22)
Central Asia Before the Russian Conquest.
A Brief Description of Bukhara and Khiva.
Russia and Central Asia to 1853.
Prelude to Conquest, 1853-1864.
Economic Motives for the Conquest.
2. The Reduction of Bukhara	25	(20)
The Problem of Tashkent.
The Break with Bukhara.
The First Bukharan Campaign, 1866.
The Draft Treaty of 1867.
The Second Bukharan Campaign, 1868.
The Treaty of 1868.
3. The Consolidation of Russia's Position in Bukhara	45	(20)
Russo-Bukharan Tensions, 1868-1870.
Russo-Bukharan Adjustments, 1870-1872.
The Question of a New Treaty.
Anglo-Russian Negotiations, 1869-1873.
4. The Conquest of Khiva and the Treaties of 1873	65	(16)
Relations with Khiva, 1867-1872.
The Conquest of Khiva.
The Russo-Khivan Treaty.
The Russo-Bukharan Treaty.
Part Two: The Period of Neglect
5. The Stabilization of Khiva and the Expansion of Bukhara	81	(14)
The Khivan Problem, 1873-1877.
Russo-Bukharan Relations, 1873-1875.
Bukhara's Conquest of Karategin and Darvaz.
Russian Exploration of Khiva and Bukhara, 1873-1883.
6. Anglo-Russian Relations and the Pacification of the Turkomans	95	(12)
Afghanistan, 1875-1880.
Merv, 1881-1884.
Shugnan and Roshan, 1883-1884.
7. The End of an Era	107	(18)
Russia and Bukhara, 1880-1884.
Attitude of the Native Regimes toward Russia.
Western hnfluence in Bukhara and Khiva, 1885.
Part Three: The Russian Presence
8. Russo-Bukharan Relations Transformed	125	(24)
The Central Asian Railroad.
The Accession of Abd al-Ahad.
The Russian Political Agency.
Anglo-Russian Tensions and the Amu-Darya Frontier, 1885-1888.
The Russian Settlements.
Russian Jurisdiction and Extra-territoriality.
9. The Protectorate Completed: Russia and Bukhara	149	(20)
The Amu-Darya Frontier and Russo-Bukharan Relations, 1890-1895.
The Pamir Boundary Settlement.
Monetary Controls.
Communications and Public Works.
The Bukharan Jews.
10. Economic Development	169	(24)
Traditional Economy of the Protectorates.
Russo-Bukharan Trade.
Bukhara's trade with Other Countries.
Russo-Khivan Trade.
The Role of Cotton in Trade and Agriculture.
Industrial Development.
Russian Capital in Bukhara.
Railroad Projects.
11. Bukhara Between Two Worlds	193	(18)
The Impact of the West.
The Role of the Emir.
The Emir's Government and the Need for Reform.
The Origins of a Native Reform Movement.
The Bukharan Djadids.
12. Nonintervention under Attack: Russia and Bukhara	211	(16)
Russian Critics.
The West Pamir Question, 1896-1905.
The Riots of January 1910.
Russian Policy Reappraised, 1909-1914.
13. Nonintervention Abandoned: Russia and Khiva	227	(12)
Khiva, 1885-1912.
The Turkoman Revolt of 1912-1913.
The Turkoman Revolt of 1915.
The Turkoman Revolt of 1916 and the Russo-Khivan Agreement.
Part Four: Revolution
14. The Provisional Government and the Protectorates	239	(20)
The February Revolution and Central Asia.
The Emir's Manifesto.
The Aftermath of the Manifesto.
Khiva in 1917.
15. The Bolshevik Revolution and the Independence of the Khanates	259	(14)
Bolshevik Nationality Policy before October.
Bukhara and the October Revolution.
The Kolesov Campaign.
Khiva and the October Revolution.
16. The Civil War and the Second Russian Conquest	273	(24)
The Military Situation and Russo-Bukharan Relations, 1918-1919.
The Bukharan Political and Economic Scene.
Khiva under Djunaid-khan.
The Overthrow of Djunaid-khan.
The Overthrow of Emir Alim.
17. Bukhara and Khiva as Soviet Satellites	297	(18)
Soviet Policy and the Structure of Dependence.
Eclipse of the Young Khivans and Young Bukharans, 1920-1921.
An End and a Beginning.
Appendices	315	(8)
Bibliography	323	(22)
Notes	345	(62)
Glossary	407	(2)
Index	409