Sales Law Domestic and International

by Gillette, Clayton P.

• ISBN13: 9781566627412
• ISBN10: 1566627419
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: West Group

Table of Contents

Preface	i
Introduction to Sales Law	1	(12)
Introduction to Article 2 of the UCC	1	(3)
The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods	4	(2)
Principles of Sales Contracts---Herein of Default Rules	6	(3)
Commercial Contracts as Discrete and Relational Contracts---Herein of Reputation	9	(4)
Reputation and Relational Contracts	9	(2)
Reputation without Repetition	11	(2)
Governing Law	13	(29)
The Scope of Article 2	13	(12)
Definition of ``Goods''	13	(4)
Merchants	17	(2)
Mixed Sales and Services	19	(2)
Leases and Other Transactional Forms	21	(4)
The Scope of the CISG	25	(17)
Choice of Law as a General Problem in Sales Law	25	(9)
Types of Transactions Subject to the CISG	34	(1)
Exclusions	35	(2)
Mixed Sales and Service Contracts	37	(2)
Leases	39	(1)
The Principle of Issue-Displacement	39	(3)
Formation of the Contract	42	(46)
Introduction: The Evaluation of Formation Rules	42	(3)
Offer and Acceptance	45	(14)
Article 2's Approach to Formation Rules	46	(3)
Irrevocable Offers Under Article 2	49	(3)
The CISG's Formation Rules	52	(1)
Opting Out of the CISG's Formation Rules	52	(1)
The CISG's Formation Rules Illustrated	53	(6)
Offer-Varying Acceptance: The Battle of the Forms	59	(15)
Under Article 2	59	(1)
Introduction	59	(3)
Problems in § 2-207's Interpretation	62	(4)
Under the CISG	66	(6)
§ 2-207 and Article 19 Evaluated	72	(2)
Modification	74	(14)
Under Article 2	75	(7)
Under the CISG	82	(6)
Implied Terms	88	(30)
Trade Usage, Course of Dealing, Course of Performance	88	(9)
Under the UCC	88	(6)
Under the CISG	94	(3)
Open Terms	97	(21)
Open Price Terms Under the CISG	99	(6)
Open Quantity Terms	105	(4)
Evaluating Supplied Terms	109	(9)
Formal Requirements	118	(48)
Introduction	118	(2)
The Statute of Frauds	120	(19)
Introduction	120	(2)
Justifying the Statute of Frauds	122	(2)
Article 2's Statute of Frauds	124	(1)
§ 2-201's Statutory Requirements	124	(3)
Exceptions to the Statute of Frauds	127	(6)
Ethics and the Statute of Frauds	133	(2)
The CISG and the Statute of Frauds	135	(4)
The Parol Evidence Rule	139	(14)
Article 2's Parol Evidence Rule: § 2-202 Outlined	139	(2)
Excluding Trade Usage	141	(1)
Two Standards of Contradiction	141	(4)
The Process of Exclusion	145	(1)
Warranties and the Parol Evidence Rule	146	(3)
The CISG and the Parol Evidence Rule	149	(1)
Is the Parol Evidence Rule Displaced	149	(4)
Contracting for the Parol Evidence Rule	153	(1)
Unconscionability	153	(13)
Under the UCC	153	(1)
§ 2-302's Standard of Unconscionability	154	(2)
Unconscionability Applied	156	(5)
Unconscionability Evaluated	161	(1)
The CISG and the Domestic Law of Unconscionability	162	(4)
Performance	166	(68)
Introduction: Allocating Losses and Monitoring Performance	166	(2)
Insecurity and Adequate Assurances of Performance	168	(7)
Under the UCC	168	(1)
Introduction	168	(2)
Demand for Adequate Assurances	170	(1)
Reasonable Grounds for Insecurity	171	(1)
Adequate Assurances of Performance	172	(2)
Suspending Performance Under the CISG	174	(1)
Anticipatory Repudiation	175	(4)
Under the UCC	175	(3)
Under the CISG	178	(1)
Tender, Acceptance, Rejection, Cure	179	(42)
Tender and Inspection	179	(3)
Inspection in Documentary Transactions	182	(4)
Inspection Under the CISG	186	(2)
Acceptance and Rejection	188	(1)
Introduction: Neutralizing Strategic Behavior	188	(1)
Perfect Tender	188	(3)
What Constitutes Acceptance?	191	(2)
Burden of Proof Concerning Defects	193	(1)
Acts Inconsistent with Seller's Ownership	194	(3)
Buyer's Obligations on Rejection	197	(2)
Cure	199	(1)
Introduction	199	(2)
Technical Requirements	201	(4)
Curing with a Conforming Tender	205	(2)
Cure Under the CISG	207	(3)
Revocation of Acceptance	210	(1)
Introduction	210	(6)
``Substantial Impairment to Him''	216	(3)
Post-Revocation Cure	219	(2)
Excuse	221	(13)
Introduction	221	(1)
Under the UCC	222	(7)
Under the CISG	229	(5)
Risk of Loss	234	(19)
Introduction: Loss Allocation in Transactional Settings	234	(1)
Risk of Loss Under the UCC	235	(12)
Risk of Loss Where Seller Retains the Goods	236	(1)
Risk of Loss Where Goods Are Held by a Bailee	237	(2)
Risk of Loss During Transit	239	(4)
Opting Out of Risk of Loss Provisions	243	(1)
Risk of Loss in the Event of Breach	244	(3)
Risk of Loss Under the CISG	247	(6)
Warranties	253	(40)
Introduction: Allocating the Risk of Quality	253	(1)
Warranties Under the UCC	254	(35)
Express Warranties	254	(1)
Who Can Make the Warranty?	254	(1)
How Is the Warranty Created?	254	(3)
Advertising and Warranty	257	(3)
Post-Bargain Warranties	260	(3)
Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose	263	(1)
Who Can Make the Warranty?	263	(1)
How Is the Warranty Created?	263	(1)
Implied Warranty of Merchantability	264	(1)
Who Can Make the Warranty?	264	(2)
How Is the Warranty Created?	266	(4)
Disclaiming Warranties	270	(1)
Should Warranties Be Disclaimable?	270	(3)
Disclaiming Warranties Under § 2-316	273	(2)
Who Receives the Benefit of Warranties?	275	(4)
Federal Law and UCC Warranties of Quality	279	(1)
Introduction	279	(1)
The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act	280	(5)
Pre-emption by Federal Law	285	(1)
Warranty of Good Title	286	(3)
Warranties Under the CISG	289	(4)
Remedies	293	(62)
Introduction: Allocating the Loss of Transactional Breakdown	293	(2)
Money Damages	295	(35)
Under the UCC	296	(1)
Substitute Performance: Resale and Cover	296	(5)
Market-Price Damages	301	(1)
Proof Costs	301	(3)
Election of Remedies	304	(4)
Lost Profits: § 2-708(2)	308	(1)
Measuring Lost Profits	309	(2)
Recovering Lost Profits Under § 2-708(2)	311	(3)
§ 2-714: the Accepting Buyer's ``Value Differential''	314	(1)
§ 2-714(2)'s Measure of ``Value''	315	(1)
The Relation Between § 2-714(1) and (2)	316	(2)
Measuring Damages for Breach of Title Warranty	318	(3)
Under the CISG	321	(3)
Substitute Performance: Article 75	324	(1)
Market Price Damages: Article 76	324	(1)
Reduction of the Price	325	(1)
Article 50's Measure	325	(1)
Article 50's Use	326	(1)
Why Allow Price Reduction?	327	(3)
Specific Relief	330	(12)
Under the UCC	330	(1)
Seller's Action for the Price	330	(1)
§ 2-709's Technical Requirements	330	(2)
§ 2-709's Justification	332	(2)
Specific Performance	334	(4)
Under the CISG	338	(1)
The Routine Availability of Specific Relief	338	(2)
Article 28's Restriction of Specific Relief	340	(2)
Contractually Stipulated Remedies	342	(13)
Liquidated Damages	342	(5)
Remedy Limitations and Damage Exclusions	347	(1)
Allocating Risks of Nonconformity	347	(3)
The Relation Between Damage Exclusions and Remedy Limitations	350	(2)
The CISG: Liquidated Damages, Remedy Limitations, and Damage Exclusions	352	(3)
Right to Goods	355	(12)
Good Faith Purchase Rules	355	(5)
Seller's Right to Recover and Reclaim Goods	360	(4)
Goods-Oriented Remedies Under the CISG	364	(3)
Documentary Sales	367	(45)
Introduction: Allocating Performance Risks	367	(2)
Payment Terms: Letters of Credit and Payment Risks	369	(21)
Introduction	369	(5)
Formal Requirements	374	(2)
Issuer's Duty to Pay: Strict Compliance Standard	376	(8)
Issuer's Duty to Pay: Waiver, Estoppel, and Preclusion	384	(6)
The Issuer's Right Not to Pay: The Independence Principle and the Fraud Exception	390	(22)
The Independence Principle	390	(1)
The Fraud Exception	391	(1)
Two Types of Fraud	392	(2)
What Is Fraud?	394	(4)
The Protected Class of Presenter: § 5-109(a)(1)	398	(5)
Justification	403	(1)
Justifying § 5-109(a)(1)'s Protection	403	(4)
Justifying the Fraud Exception	407	(5)
Table of Cases	412	(8)
Index	420