did-you-know? rent-now

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

did-you-know? rent-now

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

We're the #1 textbook rental company. Let us show you why.

9780122695452

Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences : A Handbook of Techniques and Applications

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780122695452

  • ISBN10:

    0122695453

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2000-10-26
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
  • Purchase Benefits
List Price: $140.00
  • Digital
    $157.50
    Add to Cart

    DURATION
    PRICE

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

Summary

The new level of precision and global coverage provided by satellite altimetry is rapidly advancing studies of ocean circulation. It allows for new insights into marine geodesy, ice sheet movements, plate tectonics, and for the first time provides high-resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet and crucial information on the large-scale ocean features on intra-season to interannual time scales. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences has integrated the expertise of the leading international researchers to demonstrate the techniques, missions, and accuracy of satellite altimetry, including altimeter measurements, orbit determination, and ocean circulation models. Satellite altimetry is helping to advance studies of ocean circulation, tides, sea level, surface waves and allowing new insights into marine geodesy. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences provides high resolution bathymetry for previously unmapped regions of our watery planet. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences is for a very broad spectrum of academics, graduate students, and researchers in geophysics, oceanography, and the space and earth sciences. International agencies that fund satellite-based research will also appreciate the handy reference on the applications of satellite altimetry.

Table of Contents

Contributors ix
Preface xi
Satellite Altimetry
Dudley B. Chelton
John C. Ries
Bruce J. Haines
Lee-Lueng Fu
Philip S. Callahan
Introduction
1(3)
Radar Measurement Principles
4(33)
Normalized Radar Cross Section
4(2)
Ocean Surface Reflectivity
6(1)
Atmospheric Attenuation
7(4)
Two-Way Travel Time
11(26)
Range Estimation
37(27)
Atmospheric Refraction
37(20)
Sea-State Effects
57(7)
Precision Orbit Determination
64(22)
The Orbit Determination Concept
66(7)
Precision Satellite Tracking Systems
73(6)
Orbit Estimation
79(3)
Performance Assessment
82(3)
Future Prospects
85(1)
Geophysical Effects on the Sea Surface Topography
86(6)
Geoid Undulations
86(1)
Dynamic Sea-Surface Height
87(1)
Ocean Tides
88(2)
Atmospheric Pressure Loading
90(1)
Aliased Barotropic Motion
91(1)
Significant Wave Height Estimation
92(3)
Significant Wave-Height Algorithms
92(1)
Significant Wave Height Measurement Accuracy
93(2)
Wind-Speed Estimation
95(4)
Wind-Speed Model Functions
95(4)
Wind Speed Measurement Accuracy
99(1)
TOPEX/POSEIDON Mission Design and Performance
99(20)
Orbit Considerations and Altimeter Sampling Patterns
99(18)
Calibration and Validation
117(2)
Measurement Performance
119(1)
Outlook for Future Altimeter Missions
119(14)
Acknowledgments
121(1)
References
122(11)
Large-Scale Ocean Circulation
Lee-Lueng Fu
Dudley B. Chelton
Introduction
133(1)
The Ocean General Circulation
134(4)
The Temporal Variability
138(25)
Buoyancy-Forcing and the Heat Budget of the Ocean
140(1)
Atmospheric Pressure Forcing
141(1)
Wind Forcing
142(3)
Baroclinic Rossby Waves
145(13)
The Relation Between Sea Level and Subsurface Variability
158(3)
The Annual Cycle
161(1)
Interannual Variability
162(1)
Conclusions
163(8)
Acknowledgments
165(1)
References
165(6)
Ocean Currents and Eddies
P.Y. Le Traon
R. Morrow
Introduction
171(2)
Altimeter Data Processing for Mesoscale Studies
173(4)
Ocean Signal Extraction
173(1)
Mapping and Merging of Multiple Altimeter Missions
174(1)
Surface Geostrophic Velocity Calculations
174(2)
Sampling Issues
176(1)
Ocean Currents
177(21)
Estimating the Absolute Velocities and Transports from Altimetry
178(2)
Western Boundary Currents
180(6)
Eastern Boundary Currents
186(3)
Open Ocean Currents
189(6)
Semi-Enclosed Seas
195(3)
Mesoscale Eddies
198(11)
Global Statistical Description
199(1)
Seasonal Variations of Mesoscale Variability Intensity
200(1)
Space and Time Scales of Mesoscale Variability
201(2)
Frequency/Wavenumber Spectral Analysis
203(3)
Comparison with Eddy-Resolving Models
206(1)
Eddy Dynamics
206(3)
Conclusions
209(8)
Acknowledgments
210(1)
References
210(7)
Tropical Ocean Variability
Joel Picaut
Antonio J. Busalacchi
Introduction
217(1)
Tropical Pacific
218(9)
Sea-level Validation
218(3)
Altimetry-derived Surface Current
221(1)
Evidence of Equatorial Waves
221(4)
Testing Theories of ENSO, Improving Its Prediction
225(1)
Changes of Mass, Heat and Salt of the Upper Ocean
226(1)
High-frequency Oscillations
227(1)
Indian Ocean
227(2)
Tropical Atlantic
229(3)
Conclusion
232(5)
Acknowledgments
233(1)
References
233(4)
Data Assimilation by Models
Ichiro Fukumori
Introduction
237(1)
Examples and Merits of Data Assimilation
238(5)
Data Assimilation as an Inverse Problem
243(2)
Assimilation Methodologies
245(7)
Inverse Methods
245(1)
Overview of Assimilation Methods
246(1)
Adjoint Method
246(1)
Representer Method
247(1)
Kalman Filter and Optimal Smoother
248(1)
Model Green's Function
249(1)
Optimal Interpolation
249(1)
Three-Dimensional Variation Method
250(1)
Direct Insertion
250(1)
Nudging
251(1)
Summary and Recommendation
251(1)
Practical Issues of Assimilation
252(9)
Weights, A Priori Uncertainties, and Extrapolation
252(5)
Verification and the Goodness of Estimates
257(2)
Observability
259(1)
Mean Sea Level
260(1)
Summary and Outlook
261(6)
Acknowledgments
262(1)
References
262(5)
Ocean Tides
C. Le Provost
Introduction
267(1)
Mathematical Representation of Ocean Tides
268(2)
The Harmonic Expansion
268(1)
The Response Formalism
268(1)
The Orthotide Formalism
269(1)
Status Before High-Precision Satellite Altimetry
270(2)
In Situ Observations
270(1)
Hydrodynamic Numerical Modeling
270(2)
Modeling With Data Assimilation
272(1)
Methodologies for Extracting Ocean Tides from Altimetry
272(5)
Tidal Aliasing in Altimeter Data
273(2)
Methods for Estimating Ocean Tides from Satellite Altimetry
275(2)
The Semi-Diurnal and Diurnal Tides over the Deep Ocean
277(10)
Characteristics of the Ocean Tides at the Global Scale
277(2)
Coherency and Accuracy Assessment
279(8)
The Long Period Ocean Tides
287(4)
Internal Tides
291(2)
Methodology for Internal Tide Extraction from Satellite Data
291(1)
Recent Results on Internal Tides from Satellite Altimetry
292(1)
The Tides over Shallow Waters
293(1)
Nonlinear Constituents Solutions from Altimetry
293(1)
Improving Shallow-water Tide Solution Through Assimilation
294(1)
Tidal Energetics and Satellite Altimetry
294(3)
Dissipation Through Bottom Friction
295(1)
Tidal Fluxes
295(2)
Internal Tide Dissipation
297(1)
Applications
297(3)
Earth Rotation
298(1)
Tidal Loading
298(1)
Tidal Currents
298(2)
Tides and Coastal Engineering
300(1)
Conclusions
300(5)
Acknowledgments
301(1)
References
301(4)
Ocean Surface Waves
J.-M. Lefevre
P.D. Cotton
Introduction
305(1)
Wave Modeling and Altimetry
306(10)
Numerical Wave Prediction
306(2)
Altimetric Applications
308(3)
Operational Data Assimilation
311(4)
Use of Model Data to Improve Altimetry
315(1)
Wave Climate Studies with Altimeter Data
316(10)
Introduction
316(1)
The Data
316(2)
Global Ocean Wave Field
318(2)
Climate Variability
320(6)
Summary
326(1)
Conclusions
326(1)
Glossary
327(2)
Acknowledgments
327(1)
References
327(2)
Sea Level Change
R. S. Nerem
G. T. Mitchum
Introduction
329(1)
The Tide Gauge Record and its Limitations
330(2)
Satellite Altimeter Measurements of Sea-Level Change
332(2)
Calibration of Satellite Altimeter Measurements Using Tide Gauge Data
334(4)
Detecting Changes in the Rate of Sea-Level Rise
338(4)
Global Mean Changes in Sea Level, Sea-Surface Temperature, and Precipitable Water
342(2)
Spatial Variations of Sea-Level Change and Sea-Surface Temperature
344(2)
Linking Together Different Satellite Altimeter Missions
346(1)
Conclusions
347(4)
Acknowledgments
347(1)
References
347(4)
Ice Sheet Dynamics and Mass Balance
H. Jay Zwally
Anita C. Brenner
Introduction
351(3)
Radar Altimeter Measurement of Ice Sheet Surface Elevations
354(6)
The Effect of Surface Slope and Undulations
355(1)
The Effect of Penetration and Sub-surface Volume Scattering
356(1)
Waveform Shape Fitting and Retracking
357(2)
Summary of Radar Altimetry Missions Used for Ice Sheet Elevation Studies
359(1)
Greenland and Antarctica Ice Sheet Topography
360(2)
Data Preparation
360(1)
Gridding Procedure
361(1)
Accuracy Analysis of Digital Elevation Models
361(1)
Ice Surface Slopes and Driving Stresses
362(1)
Measurement of Ice Margins
363(1)
Surface Elevation Changes and Mass Balance
363(8)
Acknowledgments
367(1)
References
367(4)
Applications to Geodesy
Byron D. Tapley
Myung-Chan Kim
Introduction
371(2)
Mean Sea Surface Mapping
373(13)
Historical Review
375(1)
Repeat-Track Averaging
376(2)
Crossover Adjustment
378(4)
Weighted Least-Squares Objective Analysis
382(4)
Gravity Recovery
386(9)
Geoid Undulation and Gravity Anomaly
386(3)
Short-Wavelength Marine Gravity Field
389(2)
Global Gravity Recovery
391(1)
Marine Geoid Error
392(3)
New Frontiers
395(8)
Time-Varying Gravity Field
395(2)
Variations in the Geocenter and Earth Rotation Parameters
397(2)
Roles of Satellite Gravity Data
399(4)
Concluding Remarks
403(4)
Acknowledgments
403(1)
References
403(4)
Applications to Marine Geophysics
Anny Cazenave
Jean Yves Royer
Introduction
407(1)
Filtering the Long-Wavelength Geoid Signal
408(1)
Geoid Anomalies and Isostatic Compensation
408(3)
Local Compensation in the Long-Wavelength Approximation
409(1)
Regional Compensation
410(1)
Admittance Approach
411(1)
Mechanical Behavior of Oceanic Plates: Flexure under Seamount Loading
411(2)
Thermal Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere
413(3)
Oceanic Hotspot Swells
416(2)
Short and Medium Wavelength Lineations in the Marine Geoid
418(2)
Mapping the Seafloor Tectonic Fabric
420(14)
Fracture Zones
420(3)
Seamounts
423(9)
Spreading Ridges
432(2)
Conclusions
434(7)
Acknowledgments
435(1)
References
435(6)
Bathymetric Estimation
David T. Sandwell
Walter H.F. Smith
Introduction
441(1)
Gravity Anomaly and Sea Surface Slopes
442(1)
Geoid Height, Vertical Deflection, Gravity Gradient, and Gravity Anomaly
442(1)
Limitations of Radar Altimetry for Gravity Field Recovery
443(1)
Forward Models
444(1)
Inverse Approaches
445(2)
Data Availability and Case Study: Bathymetric Estimation
447(5)
Results, Verification, and Hypsometry
448(3)
Effects on Ocean Currents
451(1)
Prospects for the Future
452(1)
Appendix: Interaction of the Radar Pulse with the Rough Ocean Surface
453(6)
Beam-Limited Footprint
453(1)
Pulse-limited Footprint
454(1)
Significant Wave Height
454(2)
Modeling the Return Waveform
456(1)
References
456(3)
Index 459

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

Rewards Program