School Law and the Public Schools: A Practical Guide for Educational Leaders

by Essex, Nathan L.

• ISBN13: 9780205273591
• ISBN10: 0205273599
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This book includes comprehensive and practical coverage of the relevant legal issues that affect the organization and administration of public schools, using minimal legal jargon, and timely court case studies. Includes a comprehensive bibliography of cases and references and a glossary of relevant terms.

Table of Contents

List of Cases	xiii	(4)
Preface	xvii	(2)
Acknowledgments	xix	(2)
About the Author	xxi
1 Religion and the Public Schools	1	(22)
School-Sponsored Prayer	2	(2)
School-Sponsored Bible Reading	4	(1)
Silent Prayer and Meditation	5	(1)
Prayer at School Events	6	(1)
Athletic Contests	6	(1)
Administrative Guide Prayer, Bible Reading, and Silent Meditation	7	(1)
Voluntary Prayer at Commencement Exercises	7	(3)
Landmark Rulings	8	(1)
Impact of Recent Ruling	9	(1)
Administrative Guide Voluntary Prayer	10	(1)
Use of School Facilities by Religious Student Groups	10	(3)
Legal Precedents	11	(2)
Administrative Guide Equal Access	13	(1)
Religious Activities and Holiday Programs	13	(1)
Released Time for Religious Instruction	14	(1)
Aid to Parochial Schools	15	(6)
Religious Symbols	17	(1)
Religious Displays	18	(1)
Distribution of Religious Materials	18	(2)
Use of Religious Garb by School Personnel	20	(1)
Administrative Guide Religious Activities	21	(1)
Endnotes	21	(2)
2 Students, the Law, and Public Schools	23	(47)
Freedom of Expression	24	(2)
Administrative Guide Freedom of Expression	26	(1)
Protests and Demonstrations	26	(1)
Administrative Guide Protests and Demonstrations	27	(1)
School-Sponsored Newspapers	27	(3)
Administrative Guide Student Newspapers	30	(1)
Nonschool-Sponsored Newspapers	30	(2)
Administrative Guide Nonschool-Sponsored Student Publications	31	(1)
Censorship	32	(1)
Administrative Guide Censorship	32	(1)
Dress and Appearance	32	(5)
Health and Safety Issues	33	(1)
Community Norms and Expectations	34	(1)
Gangs and Dress	35	(1)
Controversial Slogans	35	(1)
Administrative Guide Dress and Appearance	36	(1)
Search and Seizure	37	(11)
Reasonable Suspicion	37	(2)
Student Desks	39	(1)
Student Lockers	39	(1)
Book Bags	39	(1)
Automobiles	40	(1)
Personal Searches	41	(1)
Strip Searches	42	(1)
Involvement of Law Enforcement Officials	43	(1)
Use of Canines	43	(1)
Metal Detectors	44	(1)
Administrative Guide Search and Seizure	45	(1)
Drug Testing	46	(1)
Administrative Guide Drug Testing Student Athletes	47	(1)
Use of Pagers and Cellular Phones	48	(3)
Administrative Guide Pagers and Cellular Phones	49	(2)
Corporal Punishment	51	(9)
Reasonable Punishment	57	(1)
Minimal Due Process	58	(1)
Excessive Punishment	59	(1)
Administrative Guide Corporal Punishment	59	(1)
School Suspension	60	(4)
Administrative Guide Suspension	60	(1)
Procedural and Substantive Due Process	61	(3)
Expulsion	64	(2)
Administrative Guide Expulsion	66	(1)
Pregnant Students	66	(1)
Married Students	67	(1)
Administrative Guide Pregnant and Married Students	68	(1)
Endnotes	68	(2)
3 Individuals with Disabilities	70	(24)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA)	72	(8)
Mandatory Requirements	72	(1)
Interpretation and Identification of Children with Disabilities	73	(1)
Prereferral Intervention	74	(1)
Individualized Educational Program Requirement	75	(1)
Program Review and Changes	76	(1)
Education-Related Service Requirement	76	(1)
Least Restrictive Environment	77	(1)
Inclusion of Children with Disabilities	78	(1)
Length of School Year	79	(1)
Disciplining Students with Disabilities	80	(4)
Expulsion	80	(3)
Suspension	83	(1)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997	84	(5)
Amendments Regarding Discipline	84	(4)
Administrative Guide Student Disabilities	88	(1)
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990	89	(4)
Qualifications for Employment	90	(1)
Scope of Protection; Section 504 and ADA	91	(1)
Administrative Guide Americans with Disabilities	92	(1)
Endnotes	93	(1)
4 School Personnel and School District Liability	94	(33)
The School as a Safe Place	94	(1)
Liability of School Personnel	95	(4)
Vicarious Liability	95	(1)
Foreseeability	96	(1)
Nuisance	96	(3)
Parental Access to School Premises	99	(1)
Intentional Torts	99	(5)
Assault	100	(1)
Battery	100	(1)
Defamation	101	(1)
Libel and Slander	102	(1)
Mental Distress	102	(1)
False Imprisonment	103	(1)
Trespassing on Personal Property	104	(1)
Unintentional Torts	104	(4)
Standard of Care	105	(1)
Breach of Duty	106	(1)
Proximate Cause	107	(1)
Injury	107	(1)
Defenses for Negligence	108	(5)
Contributory Negligence	108	(1)
Assumption of Risk	109	(2)
Comparative Negligence	111	(1)
Immunity	112	(1)
Duties of Supervision	113	(7)
Supervision before School	113	(3)
Supervision during School	116	(1)
Supervision after School	116	(2)
Field Trips	118	(1)
Parental Consent and Written Waivers	119	(1)
Liability Involving Civil Rights Statutes	120	(2)
Administrative Guide Liability	120	(2)
Educational Malpractice	122	(1)
Professionalism in Education	122	(1)
School-Based Management	123	(1)
Educational Malpractice Cases	123	(2)
Administrative Guide Educational Malpractice	125	(1)
Endnotes	125	(2)
5 Liability and Student Records	127	(11)
Rights of Parents	128	(1)
Rights of Eligible Students	129	(1)
Rights of School Personnel	129	(1)
Enforcement of State or Federal Statutes	130	(1)
Defamation Involving School Personnel	130	(4)
Slander	130	(1)
Libel	131	(1)
Privilege	131	(1)
Good Faith	132	(1)
Acts of Malice	133	(1)
Defenses against Defamation	134	(2)
Privilege	135	(1)
Good Faith	135	(1)
Truth	135	(1)
Administrative Guide Liability and Student Records	136	(1)
Endnotes	136	(2)
6 Teacher Freedoms	138	(18)
Substantive and Procedural Considerations	138	(1)
Freedom of Expression	139	(5)
Speech Outside the School Environment	140	(2)
Academic Freedom	142	(2)
Freedom of Association	144	(3)
Membership in Subversive Organizations	146	(1)
Dress and Grooming	147	(2)
Right to Privacy	149	(3)
Administrative Guide Teacher Freedoms	152	(1)
Religious Freedoms	152	(1)
Title VII: Religious Discrimination	153	(2)
Administrative Guide Religious Discrimination	154	(1)
Endnotes	155	(1)
7 Discrimination in Employment	156	(23)
Title VII: Discrimination	156	(8)
Sexual Discrimination	159	(2)
Racial Discrimination	161	(3)
Affirmative Action: California and Proposition 209	164	(4)
Age Discrimination	166	(2)
Pregnancy and Public School Employment	168	(8)
Administrative Guide Discrimination	169	(1)
Sexual Harassment	170	(5)
Administrative Guide Harassment	175	(1)
Issues Involving National Origin: Proposition 187	176	(1)
Endnotes	177	(2)
8 Tenure, Dismissal, and Due Process	179	(24)
Tenure	179	(3)
Acquisition of Tenure	180	(1)
Nonrenewal	181	(1)
Administrative Guide Tenure	182	(1)
Dismissal for Cause	182	(15)
Incompetency	182	(1)
Insubordination	183	(1)
Immorality	184	(1)
Homosexuality and Employment	185	(3)
Unprofessional Conduct	188	(1)
Criminal Activity	189	(2)
Sexual Advances toward Students	191	(2)
Administrative Guide Dismissal	193	(1)
Financial Exigency (Abolition of Positions)	193	(2)
Administrative Guide Financial Exigency	195	(1)
Good or Just Cause	196	(1)
Administrative Guide Good or Just Cause	197	(1)
Collective Bargaining	197	(4)
Private Sector versus Public Sector Bargaining	198	(1)
State Involvement	198	(1)
Impasse and Bargaining	199	(1)
Legal Issues	199	(2)
Administrative Guide Collective Bargaining	201	(1)
Endnotes	201	(2)
Appendix A The Constitution of the United States: Provisions and Amendments Affecting Education	203	(4)
Appendix B Summary of Relevant Federal Statutes	207	(16)
Glossary of Relevant Legal Terms	223	(4)
Index	227