Science Insights : Exploring Earth and Space

by Diaz, Dispezio

• ISBN13: 9780201445992
• ISBN10: 0201445999
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-12-01
• Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall

Table of Contents

Unit 1 Exploring the Sciences	1	(72)
Studying Science	2	(28)
Science Skills and Methods	3	(10)
Science and You Everyday Scientific Method	11	(1)
Activity 1 How do you perform a simple experiment?	12	(1)
Measuring with Scientific Units	13	(6)
Science and Society Measurement Standards	18	(1)
Graphing	19	(3)
Science and Technology Graph Uses	21	(1)
Studying the Earth	22	(8)
Science and Technology Telescopes	25	(2)
Chapter 1 Review	27	(3)
Topography and Geography	30	(24)
Earth's Surface	31	(7)
Science and Society Sharing the Oceans	37	(1)
Mapping the Earth	38	(7)
Science and You A Map or More a Day	44	(1)
Topographic Maps	45	(9)
Science and Technology Topographic Mapping by Satellite	49	(1)
Activity 2 How can you make a topographic map?	50	(1)
Chapter 2 Review	51	(3)
Structure of the Earth	54	(18)
Layers of the Earth	55	(6)
Science and You Living on Oceanic Crust	60	(1)
Studying the Earth's Interior	61	(11)
Science and Technology Seismic Arrays	65	(1)
Activity 3 How does matter move in the mantle?	66	(1)
Chapter 3 Review	67	(3)
Science and Literature ``Farewell to Manzanar''	70	(2)
Unit 2 The Dynamic Earth	72	(84)
Time and Change	74	(16)
Earth's History	75	(7)
Science and Technology Are Humans Changing the Climate?	80	(1)
Activity 4 How can you measure time differently?	81	(1)
Geologic Time Scale	82	(8)
Science and Society Telling Time	86	(1)
Chapter 4 Review	87	(3)
Plate Tectonics	90	(22)
Drifting Continents	91	(5)
Science and Society Accepting New Ideas	95	(1)
Theory of Plate Tectonics	96	(10)
Science and Technology Measuring Plate Movement	104	(1)
Activity 5 What happens at a divergent boundary?	105	(1)
Physics of Plate Movement	106	(6)
Science and You Convection at Home	108	(1)
Chapter 5 Review	109	(3)
Movement of the Crust	112	(20)
Folding and Faulting	113	(8)
Science and Society Faulty Theories	119	(1)
Activity 6 How does stress cause movement along faults?	120	(1)
Mountains and Plateaus	121	(11)
Science and You Into Thin Air	128	(1)
Chapter 6 Review	129	(3)
Earthquakes and Volcanoes	132	(24)
Earthquakes	133	(7)
Science and Technology What Fault Is This?	138	(1)
Activity 7 How can you model the Richter scale?	139	(1)
Earthquake Evidence	140	(4)
Science and Society Earthquake Safety	143	(1)
Volcanoes	144	(12)
Science and Technology Predicting and Monitoring Eruptions	150	(1)
Chapter 7 Review	151	(3)
Science and Literature ``Legend Days''	154	(2)
Unit 3 Composition of the Earth	156	(80)
Earth Chemistry	158	(26)
Structure of Matter	159	(9)
Science and You Mixtures You Eat	167	(1)
Energy and Changes in Matter	168	(7)
Science and Technology Buckyballs	173	(1)
Activity 8 How can you measure energy changes?	174	(1)
The Earth's Elements	175	(9)
Science and Society Chemical Clues	180	(1)
Chapter 8 Review	181	(3)
Minerals	184	(24)
Mineral Formation and Structure	185	(7)
Science and You Minerals for Life	190	(1)
Activity 9 How do you grow crystals?	191	(1)
Mineral Identification	192	(8)
Science and Technology Drilling with Diamonds	199	(1)
Uses of Minerals	200	(8)
Science and Technology Improved Minerals	204	(1)
Chapter 9 Review	205	(3)
Rocks and the Rock Cycle	208	(28)
Rocks	209	(6)
Science and You Is Your Home Made of Stone?	214	(1)
Igneous Rocks	215	(5)
Science and Society Rock Architecture	219	(1)
Sedimentary Rocks	220	(6)
Science and Technology History in Sediment	224	(1)
Activity 10 How do sedimentary layers form?	225	(1)
Metamorphic Rocks	226	(10)
Science and Technology Building on Bedrock	230	(1)
Chapter 10 Review	231	(3)
Science and Literature ``A Journey to the Centre of the Earth''	234	(2)
Unit 4 Changes on the Earth's Surface	236	(78)
Weathering and Soils	238	(24)
Weathering	239	(6)
Science and Society Lost Inscriptions	244	(1)
Soils	245	(8)
Science and You Everyday Uses of Soil	251	(1)
Activity 11 How permeable is it?	252	(1)
World Soil Types	253	(9)
Science and Society Overgrazed Grasslands	258	(1)
Chapter 11 Review	259	(3)
Forces of Erosion	262	(26)
Gravity and Erosion	263	(3)
Science and You You: An Agent of Erosion	265	(1)
Water Erosion	266	(8)
Science and Society Harbor Dredging	273	(1)
Ice Erosion	274	(6)
Science and Technology Working in Antarctica	278	(1)
Activity 12 How can you model a glacier?	279	(1)
Wind Erosion	280	(8)
Science and Society The Moving Desert	284	(1)
Chapter 12 Review	285	(3)
History of Life on Earth	288	(26)
Evolution of Life	289	(5)
Science and You Everyday Classification	292	(1)
Activity 13 How do you classify a group of items?	293	(1)
The Fossil Record	294	(4)
Science and Society What's Your State Fossil?	297	(1)
Interpreting Fossils	298	(4)
Science and Technology Probing Fossils with New Tools	301	(1)
Life Through Geologic Time	302	(12)
Science and You Going on a Dig	308	(1)
Chapter 13 Review	309	(3)
Science and Literature ``Tales of a Dead King''	312	(2)
Unit 5 Earth's Waters	314	(76)
Fresh Water	316	(22)
Water and Its Properties	317	(7)
Science and You Your Water Use	323	(1)
Surface Water	324	(5)
Science and Technology The Wandering River	328	(1)
Water Beneath the Surface	329	(9)
Science and Society Protecting Groundwater	333	(1)
Activity 14 How are a siphon and an artesian well similar?	334	(1)
Chapter 14 Review	335	(3)
Ocean Water	338	(26)
Properties of Ocean Water	339	(6)
Science and Technology Drinkable Ocean Water	342	(2)
Activity 15 How do temperature and salinity affect density?	344	(1)
Ocean Currents	345	(6)
Science and Society Upwelling and Fisheries	350	(1)
Ocean Waves	351	(5)
Science and Society Rogue Waves	355	(1)
Tides	356	(8)
Science and Technology Tidal Power	360	(1)
Chapter 15 Review	361	(3)
Ocean Basins	364	(26)
Ocean Exploration	365	(7)
Science and Technology Alvin, Jason, and ABE	370	(1)
Activity 16 What can you learn from a core sample?	371	(1)
Ocean-Floor Topography	372	(7)
Science and Society Great Barrier Reef Park	378	(1)
Life Zones in the Oceans	379	(11)
Science and You Clean Teeth from the Ocean	384	(1)
Chapter 16 Review	385	(3)
Science and Literature ``The Land I Lost''	388	(2)
Unit 6 Earth's Atmosphere	390	(96)
The Atmosphere	392	(22)
A Blanket of Air	393	(9)
Science and You Protecting Yourself from the Sun	400	(1)
Activity 17 How can you observe the pressure of air?	401	(1)
Structure of the Atmosphere	402	(4)
Science and Technology Loud and Clear?	405	(1)
The Changing Atmosphere	406	(8)
Science and Society Solutions to Air Pollution	410	(1)
Chapter 17 Review	411	(3)
Water in the Atmosphere	414	(24)
Humidity	415	(7)
Science and You It's Not the Heat; It's the Humidity	420	(1)
Activity 18 How can you determine the dew point?	421	(1)
Clouds	422	(6)
Science and Technology Flight Navigation and Clouds	427	(1)
Precipitation	428	(10)
Science and Society Acid Rain	434	(1)
Chapter 18 Review	435	(3)
Weather	438	(24)
Air in Motion	439	(9)
Science and Technology Wind Energy	446	(1)
Activity 19 How do pressure changes affect the wind?	447	(1)
Storms	448	(5)
Science and Society Storm Warnings	452	(1)
Weather Prediction	453	(9)
Science and Technology Weather Satellites	458	(1)
Chapter 19 Review	459	(3)
Climate	462	(24)
Causes of Climate	463	(6)
Science and You Dressing for the Climate	468	(1)
Climate Classification	469	(7)
Science and Society Microclimates and Farming	474	(1)
Activity 20 How can you model climates?	475	(1)
Climate Change	476	(10)
Science and Technology Tracking Climate Change	480	(1)
Chapter 20 Review	481	(3)
Science and Literature ``Going Home''	484	(2)
Unit 7 Energy and Environment	486	(48)
Mineral and Energy Resources	488	(20)
Mineral Resources	489	(3)
Science and Society Effects of Mining	491	(1)
Fossil-Fuel Resources	492	(6)
Science and Society Pumping Oil from the Sea	497	(1)
Alternative Energy Resources	498	(10)
Science and Technology Alternative Cars	503	(1)
Activity 21 Which color works best for solar heating?	504	(1)
Chapter 21 Review	505	(3)
Humans and the Environment	508	(26)
Human Ecology	509	(6)
Science and Society Ancient Cities	514	(1)
Human Impact on the Environment	515	(6)
Science and Technology Keeping Track of Biodiversity	520	(1)
Environmental Solutions	521	(13)
Science and You Composting	527	(1)
Activity 22 What things are in garbage?	528	(1)
Chapter 22 Review	529	(3)
Science and Literature ``The Ohlone Way''	532	(2)
UNIT 8 Astronomy	534	(78)
Earth and the Moon	536	(22)
Earth in Space	537	(8)
Science and Society Telling Time Through Time	543	(1)
Activity 23 Why does Earth bulge at the equator?	544	(1)
Earth's Moon	545	(5)
Science and Technology Moon Machines	549	(1)
Earth-Moon System	550	(8)
Science and Society Moon Lore	554	(1)
Chapter 23 Review	555	(3)
The Solar System	558	(26)
The Sun	559	(7)
Science and You Sunlight and Body Rhythms	564	(1)
Activity 24 How can you use the sun to tell time?	565	(1)
Planets in the Solar System	566	(9)
Science and Technology Exploring Mars and Venus	574	(1)
Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets	575	(9)
Science and Society Dodging Space Junk	580	(1)
Chapter 24 Review	581	(3)
Stars and Galaxies	584	(28)
The Study of Stars	585	(5)
Science and Technology The Keck Telescope	589	(1)
Characteristics of Stars	590	(6)
Science and You Discoveries by Amateurs	594	(1)
Activity 25 How are star observations affected by location?	595	(1)
Life Cycles of Stars	596	(5)
Science and Technology New Evidence for Black Holes	600	(1)
Galaxies and Star Groups	601	(11)
Science and Technology Exploring Space	605	(2)
Chapter 25 Review	607	(3)
Science and Literature ``To Space and Back''	610	(2)
Data Bank	612	(14)
Glossary	626	(14)
Index	640	(10)
Acknowledgments	650