Scientific Farm Animal Production : An Introduction to Animal Science

by Taylor, Robert E.; Field, Thomas G.

• ISBN13: 9780130481702
• ISBN10: 013048170X
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For freshman-level introductory Animal Science courses, including Livestock Management. The eighth edition of this highly-acclaimed, best-selling text gives an overview of the biological principles applicable to the Animal Sciences, with chapters on reproduction, genetics, nutrition, lactation, consumer products, and more. It covers the breeding, feeding, and management of beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, sheep, swine, poultry, goats, and aquaculture. It highlights the significant biological principles, scientific relationships, and management practices in a condensed but informative manner. Basic and sufficiently simple for the urban student with limited livestock experience, Scientific Farm Animal Production is still challenging for the student who has a livestock production background.

Table of Contents

Animal Contributions to Human Needs	1	(22)
Contributions to Food Needs
Contributions to Clothing and Other Nonfood Products
Contributions to Work and Power Needs
Animals for Companionship, Recreation, and Creativity
Additional Animal Contributions
Overview of the Livestock and Poultry Industries	22	(35)
U.S. Livestock and Poultry: An Overview
The Beef Industry
The Dairy Cattle Industry
The Horse Industry
The Poultry Industry
The Sheep and Goat Industry
The Swine Industry
Other Animal Industries
Industry Issues and Challenges
Red Meat Products	57	(20)
Production
Products
Kosher and Muslim Meats
Composition
Nutritional Considerations
Consumption
Marketing
Poultry and Egg Production	77	(14)
Poultry Meat and Egg Production
Composition
Poultry Products
Nutrition Considerations
Consumption
Marketing
Milk and Milk Products	91	(21)
Milk Production
Milk Composition
Milk Products in the United States
Health Considerations
Consumption
Marketing
Wool and Mohair	112	(17)
Growth of Hair, Wool, and Mohair
Factors Affecting the Value of Wool
Classes and Grades of Wool
Production of Wool and Mohair
Wool Marketing
Uses of Wool and Mohair
By-products of Meat Animals	129	(12)
Edible By-products
Inedible By-products
The Rendering Industry
Disposing of Dead Livestock
Market Classes and Grades of Livestock, Poultry, and Eggs	141	(20)
Market Classes and Grades of Red Meat Animls
Market Classes and Grades of Poultry Products
Color Plate Section
Visual Evaluation of Market Animals	161	(8)
External Body Parts
Location of the Wholesale Cuts in the Live Animal
Visual Perspective of Carcass Composition of the Live Animal
Reproduction	169	(26)
Female Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions
Male Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions
What Makes Testicles and Ovaries Function
Pregnancy
Parturition
Artificial Insemination, Estrous Synchronization, and Embryo Transfer	195	(16)
Semen Collecting and Processing
Insemination of the Female
Extent of Artifical Insemination
Estrous Synchoronization
Embryo Transfer
Genetics	211	(26)
Production of Gametes
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Fertilization
DNA and RNA
Genes and Chromosomes
Six Fundamental Types of Mating
Multiple Gene Paris
Gene Interactions
Interactions Between Genes and Environment
Biotechnology
Genetic Change Through Selecion	237	(18)
Continuous Variation and Many Pairs of Genes
Predicting Genetic Change
Evidence of Genetic Change
Genetic Improvement Through Artificial Insemination
Selection Methods
Basis for Selection
Mating System	255	(15)
Inbreeding
Outbreeding
Forming New Lines or Breeds
Nutrients and Their Functions	270	(16)
Nutrients
Proximate Analysis of Feeds
Digestibility of Feeds
Energy Evaluation of Feeds
Feeds and Feed Composition
Digestion and Absorption of Feed	286	(14)
Carnivorous, Omnivorous, and Herbivorous Animals
Digestive Tract of Monogastric Animals
Stomach Compartments of Ruminant Animals
Digestion in Monogastric Animals
Digestion in Ruminant Animals
Providing Nutrients for Body Functions	300	(13)
Nutrient Requirements for Body Maintenance
Nutrient Requirements for Growth
Nutrient Requirements for Fattening
Nutrient Requirements for Reproduction
Nutrient Requirements for Lactation
Nutrient Requirements for Egg Laying
Nutrient Requirements for Wool Production
Nutrient Requirements for Work
Ration Formulation
Nutrient Requirements of Ruminants
Growth and Development	313	(22)
Prenatal (Livestock)
Birth (Livestock)
Poultry
Basic Anatomy and Physiology
Growth Curves
Carcass Composition
Age and Teeth Relationship
Measurements and Growth
Lactation	335	(10)
Mammary Gland Structure
Mammary Gland Development and Function
Factors Affecting Milk Production
Milk Composition
Colostrum
Adaptation to the Environment	345	(13)
Relationship Between Animals and the Environment
Changing the Environment
Managing the Thermal Environment
Adapting Animals to the Environment
Animal Health	358	(18)
Prevention
Detecting Unhealthy Animals
Major Diseases of Farm Animals
Quality Assurance
Animal Behavior	376	(17)
Fields of Animal Behavior
Systems of Animal Behavior
Issues in Animal Agriculture	393	(35)
Categories of Issues
Assessing Risk
Animal Welfare
Biotechnology
Environmental Issues
Consumer Issues
Issues and Opportunities
Making Effective Management Decisions	428	(10)
Managing for Lower Costs and Higher Returns
The Manager
Financial Management
Income Tax Considerations
Estate and Gift-Tax Planning
People
Management Systems
Beef Cattle Breeds and Breeding	438	(23)
What Is a Breed?
Major U.S. Beef Breeds
Improving Beef Cattle Through Breeding Methods
Traits and Their Measurement
Bull Selection
Selecting Replacement Heifers
Cow Selection
Crossbreeding Programs for Commercial Producers
Feeding and Managing Beef Cattle	461	(22)
Cow-Calf Management
Management for Optimum Calf-Crop Percentages
Management for Optimum Weaning Weights
Management for Low Annual Cow Costs
Stocker-Yearling Production
Types of Cattle-Feeding Operations
Feedlot Cattle Management
Costs and Returns
Production and Prices
Environmental Management
Dairy Cattle Breeds and Breeding	483	(14)
Characteristics of Breeds
Dairy Type
Improving Milk Production
Selection of Dairy Cows
Breeding Dairy Cattle
Sire Selection
Feeding and Managing Dairy Cattle	497	(20)
Nutrition of Lactating Cows
Adjusting for Heat Stress
Nutrition of Dry Cows
Nutrtion of Replacement Heifers
Nutrition of Bulls
Calving Operations
Milking and Housing Facilities for Dair Cows
Waste Management
Milking Operations
Controlling Diseases
Costs and Returns
Swine Breeds and Breeding	517	(20)
Characteristics of Swine Breeds
Traits and Their Measurements
Effective Use of Performance Records
Selecting Replacement Females
Boar Selection
Crossbreeding for Commercial Swine Producers
Feeding and Managing Swine	537	(22)
Types of Swine Operations
Farrow-to-Finish Operations
Management of Purchased Feeder Pigs
Market Management Decisions
Costs and Returns
Environmental Management
Sheep Breeds and Breeding	559	(15)
Major U.S. Sheep Breeds
Breeding Sheep
Inherited Abnormalities
Feeding and Managing Sheep	574	(23)
Production Requirements for Farm Flocks
Types of Farm Flock Producers
Feeding Ewes
Care and Management of Farm Flocks
Facilities for Production of Range Sheep
Managing Range Sheep
Controlling Diseases and Parasites
Determining the Age of Sheep by Their Teeth
Costs and Returns
Horse Breeds and Breeding	597	(19)
Horses and Humans
Breeds of Horses
Breeding Program
Conformation of the Horse
Unsoundness and Blemishes of Horses
Gaits of Horses
Ease of Riding and Way of Going
Determining the Age of a Horse by Its Teeth
Feeding and Managing Horses	616	(15)
Feeds and Feeding
Managing Horses
Housing and Equipment
Controlling Diseases and Parasites
Poultry Breeding, Feeding, and Management	631	(34)
Breeds and Breeding
Feeding and Management
Costs and Returns
Goat Breeding, Feeding, and Management	665	(17)
Importance of Goats
Physiological Characteristics
Characteristics of Breeds of Dairy Goats
Care and Management
Controlling Diseases and Parasites
The Angora Goat
Cashmere Goats
The Meat Goat
The Pygmy Goat
Careers and Career Preparation in the Animal Sciences	682	(14)
Production
Science
Agribusiness
Food Industry
Horses
Companion Animals
International Opportunities
Management Positions
Future Career Opportunities
Career Preparation
Aquaculture	696	(19)
Catfish Overview
Trout Overview
Tilapia Overview
Crawfish Overview
Disease Management
Glossary	715	(34)
Index	749

Excerpts

Scientific Farm Animal Productionis distinguished by an appropriate combination of both breadth and depth of livestock and poultry production and their respective industries. The book gives an overview of the biological principles applicable to the Animal Sciences with chapters on reproduction, genetics, nutrition, lactation, consumer products, and other subjects. The book also covers the breeding, feeding and management of beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, sheep, swine, poultry, goats, and aquaculture. Although books have been written on each of these separate chapters, the authors have highlighted the significant biological principles, scientific relationships, and management practices in a condensed but informative manner. TARGET AUDIENCE This book is designed as a text for the introductory Animal Science course typically taught at universities and junior or community colleges. It is also a valuable reference book for livestock producers, vocational agriculture instructors, and others desiring an overview of livestock production principles and management. The book is basic and sufficiently simple for the urban student with limited livestock experience, yet challenging for the student who has a livestock production background. KEY FEATURES Chapters 1 through 9 cover animal products. Chapters 10 through 22 discuss the biological principles. Livestock, poultry, and aquaculture management practices and issues are presented in Chapters 23 through 38. The glossary of the terms, used throughout the book, has been expanded so students can readily become familiar with animal science terminology. The bold lettered words in the text are included in the glossary. Additionally, key words are provided at the end of each chapter as an aid to student learning. Many illustrations in the form of photographs and line drawings are used throughout the book to communicate key points and major relationships. If "a picture is worth a thousand words," the numerous photographs and drawings expand the usefulness of the book beyond its pages. Selected references are provided for each chapter to direct students into greater depth and breadth as they become intrigued with certain topics. Instructors can also use the references to expand their knowledge in current background material. Also included in the selected references section are references to visuals that relate to the specific chapter. Instructors are encouraged to review these visuals and use those that will enrich their course.