Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xvi |
Contributors | p. xvi |
Guides for Principled Behavior | p. 1 |
Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces Influencing the Development of Nursing | p. 2 |
Objectives | p. 2 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
The Influence of Social Need | p. 4 |
Spiritual, Religious, and Gender Influences | p. 6 |
The Modern Era | p. 15 |
Summary | p. 17 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 17 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 18 |
References | p. 18 |
Ethical Theory | p. 20 |
Objectives | p. 20 |
Introduction | p. 21 |
Philosophy | p. 23 |
Morals/Ethics | p. 24 |
Theories of Ethics | p. 26 |
Summary | p. 37 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 37 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 38 |
References | p. 38 |
Ethical Principles | p. 40 |
Objectives | p. 40 |
Introduction | p. 41 |
Autonomy | p. 41 |
Beneficence | p. 48 |
Nonmaleficence | p. 50 |
Veracity | p. 51 |
Confidentiality | p. 54 |
Justice | p. 57 |
Fidelity | p. 59 |
Summary | p. 59 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 60 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 60 |
References | p. 62 |
Developing Principled Behavior | p. 65 |
Values Clarification | p. 66 |
Objectives | p. 66 |
Introduction | p. 67 |
What Are Values? | p. 67 |
Acquiring Values | p. 67 |
Self-Awareness | p. 68 |
Values in Professional Situations | p. 71 |
Summary | p. 77 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 77 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 78 |
References | p. 78 |
Values Development | p. 80 |
Objectives | p. 80 |
Introduction | p. 81 |
Transcultural Considerations in Values Development | p. 81 |
Theoretical Perspectives of Values Development | p. 82 |
Some Nursing Considerations | p. 87 |
Summary | p. 89 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 90 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 90 |
References | p. 91 |
Ethical Decision Making | p. 92 |
Objectives | p. 92 |
Introduction | p. 93 |
Moral/Ethical Problems | p. 93 |
Making Decisions | p. 97 |
Ethical Decision Making | p. 98 |
Process of Ethical Decision Making | p. 100 |
Applying the Decision-Making Process | p. 103 |
Summary | p. 106 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 106 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 106 |
References | p. 107 |
Principled Behavior in the Professional Domain | p. 109 |
Legal Issues | p. 110 |
Objectives | p. 110 |
Introduction | p. 111 |
Relationship Between Ethics and the Law | p. 111 |
General Legal Concepts | p. 113 |
Recent Legal Trends | p. 125 |
Risk Management | p. 129 |
Nurses as Expert Witnesses | p. 133 |
Summary | p. 134 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 134 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 135 |
References | p. 136 |
Professional Issues | p. 137 |
Objectives | p. 137 |
Introduction | p. 138 |
Professional Status | p. 138 |
Expertise | p. 141 |
Autonomy | p. 142 |
Accountability | p. 145 |
Authority | p. 149 |
Unity | p. 150 |
Summary | p. 152 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 152 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 152 |
References | p. 153 |
Professional Relationship Issues | p. 155 |
Objectives | p. 155 |
Introduction | p. 156 |
Problem Solving in the Professional Realm | p. 156 |
Nurses' Relationships with Institutions | p. 161 |
Nurses' Relationships with Other Nurses | p. 164 |
Nurses' Relationships with Physicians | p. 166 |
Nurses' Relationships with Subordinates | p. 168 |
Discrimination and Harassment | p. 169 |
Summary | p. 174 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 174 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 174 |
References | p. 175 |
Practice Issues Related to Technology | p. 177 |
Objectives | p. 177 |
Introduction | p. 178 |
Benefits and Challenges of Technology | p. 178 |
Current Technology: Issues and Dilemmas | p. 180 |
Nursing Practice in the Midst of Technology | p. 198 |
Summary | p. 200 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 201 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 202 |
References | p. 202 |
Suggested Readings | p. 204 |
Practice Issues Related to Patient Self-Determination | p. 205 |
Objectives | p. 205 |
Introduction | p. 206 |
Autonomy and Paternalism | p. 206 |
Informed Consent | p. 209 |
Advance Directives | p. 213 |
Choices Concerning Life and Health | p. 219 |
Summary | p. 228 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 228 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 229 |
References | p. 230 |
Scholarship Issues | p. 233 |
Objectives | p. 233 |
Introduction | p. 234 |
Academic Honesty | p. 234 |
Research Issues and Ethics | p. 236 |
Ethical Treatment of Data | p. 244 |
Summary | p. 246 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 246 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 246 |
References | p. 247 |
Global Issues That Impinge on Nursing Practice | p. 249 |
Health Care Changes and Challenges | p. 250 |
Objectives | p. 250 |
Introduction | p. 251 |
A Brief History of Health Care Delivery: The Euro-American Experience | p. 251 |
Health Care Perspectives: A Global Concern | p. 260 |
Alternative Traditions of Health Care | p. 263 |
Challenges for Rural and Urban Aggregates | p. 264 |
Summary | p. 265 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 266 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 266 |
References | p. 267 |
Suggested Readings | p. 268 |
Health Policy Issues | p. 269 |
Objectives | p. 269 |
Introduction | p. 270 |
Political Issues | p. 270 |
Health Policy | p. 272 |
Nursing, Policy, and Politics | p. 279 |
Lobbying | p. 282 |
Summary | p. 285 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 285 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 286 |
References | p. 286 |
Economic Issues | p. 288 |
Objectives | p. 288 |
Introduction | p. 289 |
Overview of Today's Health Care Economics | p. 289 |
Distributive Justice | p. 291 |
Recent Trends and Health Economic Issues | p. 296 |
Summary | p. 300 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 301 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 301 |
References | p. 302 |
Social Issues | p. 304 |
Objectives | p. 304 |
Introduction | p. 305 |
Social Issues | p. 305 |
Ethical Principles Applied to Social Issues | p. 313 |
Personal Impediments to Intervening with Vulnerable Groups | p. 315 |
Social Issues and Scholarship | p. 316 |
Summary | p. 317 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 317 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 318 |
References | p. 318 |
Gender Issues | p. 321 |
Objectives | p. 321 |
Introduction | p. 322 |
Historical Perspectives and Overview of Gender-Based Issues | p. 322 |
Gender and Race | p. 323 |
Sex Discrimination in Nursing | p. 324 |
Sexual Harassment in Nursing | p. 327 |
Communication Issues Related to Gender | p. 329 |
Modern Sexism | p. 331 |
Sexual Orientation | p. 331 |
Summary | p. 332 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 333 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 333 |
References | p. 334 |
Transcultural and Spiritual Issues | p. 337 |
Objectives | p. 337 |
Introduction | p. 338 |
Transcultural Issues | p. 338 |
Issues Related to Spirituality and Religion | p. 348 |
Summary | p. 354 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 354 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 355 |
References | p. 356 |
The Power to Make a Difference | p. 359 |
Empowerment for Nurses | p. 360 |
Objectives | p. 360 |
Introduction | p. 361 |
Influences on Nursing's Perceptions of Principled Practice | p. 361 |
Understanding Power and Empowerment | p. 364 |
Personal Empowerment | p. 366 |
Professional Empowerment | p. 368 |
Re-Visioning Nursing | p. 371 |
Summary | p. 372 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 373 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 373 |
References | p. 374 |
Enabling Patient Empowerment | p. 376 |
Objectives | p. 376 |
Introduction | p. 377 |
Patients and Empowerment | p. 377 |
Nurses and Patient Empowerment | p. 377 |
Enhancing Patient Capacity for Decision Making | p. 379 |
Fostering Patient Empowerment | p. 380 |
Summary | p. 381 |
Chapter Highlights | p. 381 |
Discussion Questions and Activities | p. 382 |
References | p. 382 |
Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001): American Nurses Association | p. 385 |
A Patient's Bill of Rights: American Hospital Association | p. 403 |
Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses: Canadian Nurses Association | p. 407 |
ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses | p. 415 |
Glossary | p. 417 |
Index | p. 429 |
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