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9780486421759

The Chemical Philosophy

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780486421759

  • ISBN10:

    0486421759

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2002-07-05
  • Publisher: Dover Publications
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Summary

This rich record of the major interests of Paracelsus and other 16th-century chemical philosophers covers chemistry and nature in the Renaissance, Paracelsian debates, theories of Fludd, Helmontian restatement of chemical philosophy, and other fascinating aspects of the era. Well researched, compellingly related study. 36 black-and-white illustrations.

Table of Contents

List of Plates
vii
Preface to Dover Edition ix
Preface xxi
Chemistry and Nature in the Renaissance
1(62)
The Chemical Heritage: Alchemy in Antiquity
3(4)
Islamic Alchemy
7(4)
The Latin Alchemy of the West
11(3)
Medieval Medical Chemistry: The Analysis of Spa Waters
14(5)
The Chemically Prepared Medicines
19(6)
Renaissance Factors: The Educational Problem
25(5)
The Hermetic Revival and the Study of Nature
30(5)
Magic, Mathematics, and Nature
35(10)
Paracelsus: The Man
45(6)
The Paracelsian System
51(9)
Conclusion
60(3)
The Chemical Philosophy
63(64)
The Paracelsian Universe
66(7)
Paracelsian ``Mathematics,''
73(3)
Chemistry and the New Science
76(2)
Chemical Theory and the Elements
78(6)
Chemistry and the Geocosm
84(12)
The Microcosm and Medical Theory
96(13)
The Chemical Analysis of Spa Waters
109(3)
The New Medicines
112(5)
The Basilica chymica of Oswald Crollius (1609)
117(7)
Conclusion
124(3)
The Paracelsian Debates
127(78)
Synthesis and Reaction: The Work of Severinus (1571) and Erastus (1572-1574)
128(7)
The Search for Common Ground: Albertus Wimpenaeus (1569) and Guinter von Andernach (1571)
135(10)
French Paracelsism in the Late Sixteenth Century
145(14)
The Paris Confrontation (1603)
159(14)
The English Solution
173(9)
The College of Physicians and the Pharmacopoeia (1618)
182(9)
The Agreement and Disagreement of Daniel Sennert (1619)
191(9)
Conclusion
200(5)
The Synthesis of Robert Fludd
205(90)
Robert Fludd and the Rosicrucian Problem (1617)
206(18)
The Fluddean Philosophy
224(29)
The Initial Reaction in England (1618-1623)
253(3)
Fludd and Kepler (1619-1623)
256(4)
Fludd and the French Mechanists (1623-1633)
260(19)
Fludd and the Weapon-Salve Controversy (1631-1638)
279(11)
Conclusion
290(5)
The Broken Chain: The Helmontian Restatement of the Chemical Philosophy
295(86)
Van Helmont: The Early Years
297(6)
The Tract on the Weapon-Salve (1621)
303(3)
The Letters to Mersenne (1630-1631)
306(4)
Van Helmont's Final Years (1631-1644)
310(1)
The Helmontian Philosophy of Nature: Mathematics and Motion
311(6)
The Elements and the Principles
317(5)
Chemistry as the Key to Nature
322(5)
Quantification: A New Chemical Tool
327(2)
The Vacuum and the Magnal
329(5)
A Model for the Geocosm
334(5)
The Mineral Kingdom
339(5)
The Chemical Geocosm of Edward Jorden (1631)
344(13)
Helmontian Medicine: The Divine Office of the Physician
357(2)
The Theory of Disease
359(3)
Tartaric Disease
362(3)
Chemical Inquiries: The Search for the Vital Spirit
365(3)
A New Concept of Digestion
368(3)
The Chemical Remedies
371(5)
A Challenge for the Future
376(5)
The Chemical Philosophy in Transition: Nature, Education, and State
381(66)
Educational Reform: Background
382(11)
John Webster and the Academiarum examen (1654)
393(7)
The Vindiciae academiarum of John Wilkins and Seth Ward (1654)
400(6)
Thomas Hall's Whip for Webster (1654)
406(4)
Chemistry and the State: The Agricultural Problem
410(10)
Agricultural Chemistry in Seventeenth-Century England
420(5)
Chemistry and Economic Policy: Johann Rudolph Glauber
425(9)
The Prosperity of Germany (l656-1661)
434(7)
Conclusion
441(6)
The Chemical Philosophy in Transition: Toward a New Chemistry ad Medicine
447(92)
Chemistry in Mid-Century: Lefevre (1660) and Rhumelius (1648)
448(7)
Geocosmic Considerations: F. M. van Helmont (1685) and John Webster (1671)
455(3)
J. J. Becher's Physica subterranea (1669)
458(5)
G. E. Stahl and Chemical Tradition
463(6)
The Chemical Corpuscularians: Walter Charleton and the Chemical Philosophy
469(4)
The ``Helmontian'' Robert Boyle
473(11)
The Analysis Problem
484(8)
The Nitro-Aerial Particles in Mid-Century
492(7)
The Acid-Alkali Theory after van Helmont
499(3)
Chemistry and Late-Seventeenth-Century Medicine: The Chemical Medicine of Noah Biggs (1651)
502(5)
Chemistry and the London College of Physicians
507(5)
Chemistry and the Blood
512(7)
The Chemical Medicine of Willis and Sylvius
519(12)
A Newtonian Postscript
531(5)
Conclusion
536(3)
Postscript
539(16)
The Chemical Philosophy in Retrospect
540(3)
Acceptance and Rejection: The Question of Influence
543(4)
Aftermath
547(8)
Bibliography 555(42)
Index 597(10)
Errata 607

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