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9780312226886

Political Parties in American Society

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780312226886

  • ISBN10:

    0312226888

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2000-01-01
  • Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
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List Price: $109.99

Summary

In this comprehensive introduction to political parties, two of the country's foremost scholars combine the traditional PIE, PIG, PO approach with unique chapters on such issues as race and campaign finance. Throughout the book, the authors argue strongly in favor of the continued relevance of parties in the American political system and provide strong evidence that parties have adapted to the changing American political scene.

Author Biography

Samuel J. Eldersveld is Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan.

Hanes Walton Jr. is Professor of Poltical Science at the University of Michigan.

Table of Contents

Preface iii
About the Authors xxi
Parties in Society: A Theoretical Overview
1(17)
The Place of Parties in the Political System
1(3)
What Type of Group is a Party?
4(5)
The First Image of Party: A Group Seeking Power by Winning Elections
5(1)
Variations in Scholars' Conceptions of a Political Party, from 1770 to Today
6(1)
The Second Image of Party: A Group Processing Interest-Group Demands
7(1)
The Third Image of Party: An Ideological Competitor
7(2)
Parties in Comparison with Other Groups
9(1)
The Relevance of Parties for Democracy
10(4)
Can Only Democracies Have Party Systems?
14(1)
The Historical Relevance of Parties
15(1)
Notes
16(2)
The American Party System Viewed Comparatively
18(25)
A Comparative Perspective: An Example of a Pluralized Multiparty System
21(1)
Party Volatility but System Equilibrium
22(6)
Cohesiveness of the Opposition Vote
28(1)
The Social Group Coalitional Character of American Parties
29(3)
Ideological Conflicts and the Parties
32(4)
A Majority-Oriented Party System with Frequent Divided Control
36(2)
Variation in Party Strength by State and Region
38(2)
Types of Party Systems: Dimensions for Comparison/Pros and Cons
40(1)
Notes
41(2)
The American Party System: Origins and Development
43(23)
The Early Party Era: 1790-1800
44(4)
Early History: Jefferson's Role as Party Founder
45(3)
Early Party Culture
48(4)
Early Party Organization
52(1)
Major Eras in Party History
53(3)
From 1788 to 1824
53(1)
From 1824 to 1854
54(1)
From 1860 to 1892
54(1)
From 1896 to 1932
54(1)
Since 1932
55(1)
Three Major Patterns of Party Competition
56(1)
Determinants of Party Systems
57(7)
The Early Patterns of Interest-Group Conflicts
57(1)
The Conditions under Which the Suffrage Was Extended
58(1)
The Treatment of New Claimants for Power by Established Elites
59(1)
The Political Constitution, Particularly the Election System, as Determinant
60(2)
The Responsiveness of Established Parties to Social Problems
62(1)
Psycho-Cultural Socialization of Citizens to the System
63(1)
Conclusion
64(1)
Notes
64(2)
Third Parties in American Politics
66(13)
The History of Third Parties
66(3)
H. Ross Perot, the Most Recent Third-Party Phenomenon
69(2)
Theories to Explain Third Parties
71(3)
Third-Party Attempts by Blacks and Other Groups
74(2)
Gender and Third Parties
75(1)
Concluding Observations
76(1)
Notes
77(2)
The Public's Support for the Parties
79(23)
The Public's General Belief in Parties is Positive
81(1)
The Public's ``Affect'' Toward Parties
82(3)
The Differential Electoral Effects of Two Presidential Scandals
84(1)
The Strength of the Public's Identification With Parties
85(3)
Variations by Groups in Political Independence Over Time
88(1)
The Special Case of African American Party Loyalties
89(2)
The Link of Party Identification to the Public's Issue Positions
91(1)
The Link of Party Identification to Voting
92(4)
Public Support for Realignment in the South
96(3)
Conclusions
99(1)
Notes
100(2)
The National Organization of Our Parties: Revived and Relevant
102(22)
A Historical Perspective on Party Organizational Development
103(4)
Parties as Umbrella Structures
107(1)
A Description of Our National Party Organs: Autonomous But Increasingly Influential
108(5)
Party Chairs
109(4)
The Current State of National Party Organization
113(2)
National Party Activities in Recent Years
115(3)
Reform of Party Organization in Congress
118(2)
What Reforms Since 1970?
120(2)
Evaluation of the National Organizations Today
122(1)
Notes
122(2)
State and Local Party Structures: Strengthened and Still Relevant
124(24)
Basic Form of the State and Local Organization: A Stratarchy
125(2)
Other Major Features of State Organizations
127(1)
State-Level Party Units
128(1)
Variations in State Parties and Their Political Environments
129(2)
District and County Levels of Organization
131(2)
The City, Ward, and Precinct Organizational Levels
133(4)
Bosses and Political Machines: Are They Withering Away?
137(6)
The Philosophy of a Political Boss
138(5)
Party Organization as a Hybrid Type
143(1)
Evaluation of the Local Organizations
144(2)
Notes
146(2)
Party Activists: Working Elites with Organizational Links to the Masses
148(26)
The Reality of Local Party Activism in the Postwar Period
149(4)
Social Backgrounds: How Inclusive are Local Parties?
153(4)
Party Activists in the South: The Changing Political Context
154(3)
Pathways Into Party Work
157(2)
Motivations for Party Activism
159(3)
The Ideology and Issue Positions of the Activists
162(4)
The Impact of Local Activism on Public Behavior
166(2)
Minor Party Activists: Contrasts with the Two Major Parties
168(2)
The Party Activists: Some Final Observations
170(2)
Notes
172(2)
Parties and Leadership Recruitment
174(21)
Major Characteristics of Political Elite Recruitment in the United States
178(2)
Leadership Recruitment at State and Local Levels
180(2)
Major Types of State and Local Nomination Procedures
182(3)
Nonpartisan Procedures
182(1)
Partisan Procedures
182(3)
The Effects and Consequences of the Direct Primary
185(5)
The Primaries and Voter Participation
187(1)
The Primaries and Political Competition
188(1)
Recruitment of Candidates at the Local Level: The Trend toward Diversity
189(1)
The Role of Parties in the Recruitment Process
190(2)
Concluding Observations
192(2)
Notes
194(1)
Presidential Nominations: The New Model
195(25)
The New Populism Model of Presidential Nominations
196(4)
Preprimary Period: The Early Blooming and Demise of Potential Candidates
200(5)
William J. Clinton as a Native-Son Presidential Candidate
201(4)
The Presidential Primaries and Caucuses
205(2)
Changes Since 1968 in the Operation of the Presidential Primary and Caucus Systems
207(2)
``Front Loading'': A Major Current Problem
209(2)
The Primary Voters: Who Are They and What Factors a re Linked to Their Vote?
211(3)
The residential Primaries: Evaluationss
214(2)
The National Cnvention: Changed Role and Functions
216(3)
Notes
219(1)
The Campaign Process
220(27)
Theoretical Models of the Political Campaign
224(5)
Campaign Effects
229(1)
The Mass Media Role
230(3)
Candidate Strategies and Different Types of Campaigns
233(5)
Presidential Campaign Strategies and the South: Playing the Race Card
237(1)
The Presidential Campaign Debates
238(1)
The Campaign Role of Parties and Interest Groups
239(2)
An Evaluation of the Campaign Process
241(3)
Notes
244(3)
Money and Political Campaigns: The 1996 Debacle
247(32)
A Brief History of the Regulation of Campaign Finance
248(3)
The Provisions of Federal Regulations of Party Finance as of 1996
251(4)
Publicity Requirements
251(1)
Limits on Contributions and Spending
252(1)
Public Funding
253(1)
Administration of National Party Finance Regulations
254(1)
Increasing Costs: A Major Concern
255(3)
The Cost of Congressional Campaigns
258(2)
The Role of Citizen Contributions
260(1)
The Big Money
260(3)
``Big Money'' in Campaigns: Much Reform Activity but Little Change
261(2)
The Role of Parties in Campaign Finance
263(3)
The PACs and Campaigns
266(4)
Conclusions: Major Concerns and What Reforms are Needed Now?
270(7)
Notes
277(2)
Parties and the Election Process
279(26)
The Election System Imposes Constraints on Parties
281(1)
Changes in Our Election System
282(1)
Voting Participation and Nonvoting
283(2)
Group Differences in Voter Turnout
285(3)
Explanations of Voter Turnout Decline
288(1)
The Electoral System and Its Restrictions
289(11)
Generational Explanations for Low Turnout
290(2)
Attitudes and Beliefs as Factors Explaining Voter Turnout
292(3)
The Role of Parties in Voter Turnout
295(1)
Nonvoting: An American Paradox!
296(4)
The Consequences of Nonvoting
300(3)
Notes
303(2)
The New Technologies: How the Parties Have Adapted
305(16)
The Professional Campaign Manager
306(2)
The Polisters
308(4)
Franklin Roosevelt and an Early Straw Vote: 1935
310(2)
The Political ad Specialists
312(3)
The Public Relations Specialists
315(1)
Parties: Adapting to Modern Campaign Technology
316(2)
Conclusion
318(1)
Notes
318(3)
Parties and Governance: Making Divided Government Work
321(33)
The U.S. Congress: Two Chambers with Special Features
322(1)
Two Conceptions of the Role of Parties in Congress
323(5)
Party Voting and Party Cohesion Trends in Congress
328(4)
Further Evidence of Party Influence on Congress and Its Members
332(3)
The Role of the Party in the Constituency
335(2)
Concluding Observations on the Party Role in Congress
337(2)
Political Parties and Divided Government
338(1)
Partisan Bases of Presidential Leadership
339(4)
Conclusions on Party in Governance
343(1)
Postscript: The 1998 Election and the Impeachment: Implications for Our System
343(6)
The Impeachment Trial
349(3)
The Founding Fathers, the Constitutional Convention, and the Definition of Impeachment
350(1)
Senators' Views on Impeachment Proceedings
351(1)
Notes
352(2)
The Party System and the Race Problem
354(33)
The Historical Narrative
355(9)
The State of Racial Inequality
364(3)
Theories of the Causes of Racial Injustice and Inequality
367(1)
Progress in the Past: What Can we Learn?
368(2)
Black Accession to, and Participation in, Party Politics: The 1960s and Beyond
370(6)
The Electoral and Party Involvement of Other Minorities
375(1)
The Pluralist and Two-Party Models: Do They Facilitate Black Progress?
376(3)
The Balance-of-Power Theory: The Role of Minority Voters
377(2)
Alternative Scenarios: What are the Prospects?
379(6)
Notes
385(2)
Change and Adaptation in the American Party System
387(26)
What Major Changes Have Occurred in the American Party System?
390(6)
Changes in Mass Support
390(1)
Coalitional Changes
391(2)
Ideological Shifts?
393(3)
Organizational Developments
396(2)
As Parties Change, What Type of Party System has Emerged?
398(2)
The Theory of Realignment
400(5)
Criticisms of Our Party System: Is More Reform Necessary?
405(5)
Postscript: The Value of Studying American Parties
410(3)
Notes
411(2)
Index 413

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