9780736074674

Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology uses a mix of biochemistry, molecular biology, neurophysiology and muscle physiology to provide current knowledge and research directions in this field. This is the first text devoted solely to the topic which will assist readers in identifying current directions in research and new avenues for exploration. Recognising the rapid changes occurring in the field of neuromuscular exercise physiology, the book provides readers with the most recent findings and though the text is written at an advanced level, the author succeeds at making the content accessible.

Series Preface	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiv
Credits	p. xv
Muscle Fibers, Motor Units, and Motoneurons	p. 1
Muscle Heterogeneity	p. 2
Orderly Motor Unit Recruitment	p. 7
Smaller Motoneurons Are More Excitable	p. 9
Membrane Resistivity and Motoneuron Size	p. 9
Other Factors Determining Action Potential Generation	p. 11
Minimal Firing Rates and Afterhyperpolarization Durations	p. 12
Motoneuron Current-Frequency Relationship and Excitability	p. 15
Late Adaptation	p. 17
Motoneuron PICs	p. 20
Summary	p. 23
Motor Unit Recruitment During Different Types of Movements	p. 25
Measuring Human Motor Unit Recruitment	p. 25
Influence of Task	p. 27
Slow-Ramp Isometric Contractions	p. 28
Maintained Isometric Contractions	p. 32
Isometric Contractions in Various Directions	p. 34
Isometric Contractions Versus Movements	p. 35
Lengthening Contractions	p. 38
Cocontraction of Agonists and Antagonists	p. 40
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Contractions	p. 40
Rhythmic Complex Contractions	p. 41
Maximal Voluntary Contractions	p. 42
Summary	p. 44
Muscle Blood Flow and Metabolism	p. 46
Muscle Blood Flow	p. 46
Muscle Metabolism	p. 53
Summary	p. 60
Peripheral Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue	p. 63
Intramuscular Factors and Muscle Force	p. 64
Involvement of Structures Other Than Muscle	p. 67
Research From Animal Experiments	p. 77
Summary	p. 80
Central Factors in Neuromuscular Fatigue	p. 83
Motoneuron Activity During Sustained Contractions	p. 83
Isometric Versus Anisometric Tasks	p. 98
Rotation of Motor Units?	p. 99
Summary	p. 99
Muscular Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training	p. 101
Chronic Muscle Stimulation	p. 102
Coordination of Muscle Protein Systems	p. 104
Pretranslational Control	p. 106
Translational Control	p. 109
Posttransiational Modifications	p. 110
Simultaneous Expression of Isoforms	p. 112
Adaptations Can Occur Ex Vivo	p. 112
Adaptations Appear in a Specific Sequence	p. 112
Thresholds of Activity for Adaptation	p. 114
Chronic Stimulation and Atrophy	p. 115
Metabolic Signals and the Adaptive Response	p. 117
Degenerative and Regenerative Processes	p. 122
Summary	p. 122
Neural Mechanisms in Aerobic Endurance Training	p. 125
Adaptation of the Neuromuscular Junction	p. 125
Responses of Motoneurons	p. 130
Adaptations of Spinal Cord Circuits	p. 134
Summary	p. 139
Muscle Molecular Mechanisms in Strength Training	p. 141
Acute Responses in Protein Synthesis and Degradation	p. 142
Connective Tissue Responses	p. 155
Role of Muscle Damage	p. 156
Role of Dietary Supplements	p. 157
Summary	p. 158
Muscle Property Changes in Strength Training	p. 161
Increased Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area	p. 161
Fiber Type Composition	p. 162
Muscle Fiber Number	p. 163
Muscle Composition	p. 165
Muscle Architecture	p. 166
Muscle Fiber Ultrastructure	p. 166
Evoked Isometric Contractile Properties	p. 167
Changes in Muscle Force, Velocity, and Power	p. 169
Fatigue Resistance	p. 171
Role of Eccentric Contractions	p. 171
Summary	p. 173
Neural Mechanisms in Strength Training	p. 175
Gains in Strength Versus Muscle Girth	p. 175
Strength Gains Show Task Specificity	p. 176
Surface EMG Response During MVC	p. 178
Imaginary Strength Training	p. 179
Reflex Adaptations	p. 179
Cross Education	p. 181
Decreased Activation of Antagonists	p. 183
Changes in Motor Unit Recruitment	p. 183
Changes in Motor Cortex	p. 186
Summary	p. 186
References	p. 189
Index	p. 225
About the Author	p. 229
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Advanced Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology

0736074678

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