9789041111272

Preface

Abbreviations

xvii

Introduction

(14)

Objective

(1)

Scope and approach

(8)

General

(2)

State practice

(3)

Customary law

(3)

Outline

(5)

PART 1 VESSEL-SOURCE POLLUTION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Nature and Politics of Vessel-Source Pollution

(26)

Introduction

(1)

Nature of marine pollution

(11)

Definition of marine pollution

(2)

Sources of marine pollution

(1)

Vessel-source pollution

(1)

Causes

(2)

Responses

(1)

Standard-setting

(4)

Implementation, compliance and enforcement

(2)

Actors involved in the regulation of vessel-source pollution

(14)

States

(1)

General

(1)

Developed States versus developing States

(2)

Coastal States versus maritime States

(2)

Companies and shipowners

(2)

The environmental movement

(1)

The insurance industry

(1)

Classification societies

(1)

International organizations

(5)

The International Legal Framework of Vessel-Source Pollution

(34)

Introduction

(1)

Customary rules and general principles

(5)

International instruments

(29)

General multilateral instruments

(1)

Geneva Conventions

(1)

Intervention Convention

(1)

Stockholm Declaration and Action Plan

(2)

LOSC

(1)

General

(3)

General obligations in Part XII

(2)

Relation to other treaties

(1)

Rio Declaration and Agenda 21

(2)

Regional, bilateral and miscellaneous global instruments

(3)

Global regulatory instruments

(1)

General

(3)

MARPOL 73/78

(7)

SOLAS 74

(3)

Other conventions

(2)

Jurisdiction

(60)

Introduction

(3)

The concept of jurisdiction in international law

(10)

Territorial jurisdiction

(2)

Extra-territorial jurisdiction

(1)

General

(1)

Prescription

(1)

General

(1)

The effects or impact principle

(2)

The personality principle

(1)

The protective or security principle

(1)

The universality principle

(1)

Enforcement

(1)

Conflict of jurisdiction

(2)

Jurisdiction over vessel-source pollution

(42)

General

(1)

Redefining policies

(3)

Flag, port and coastal States

(4)

Flag State jurisdiction

(1)

Geneva Conventions and customary international law

(2)

LOSC

(1)

General

(2)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

(1)

Enforcement jurisdiction

(1)

Regulatory conventions

100

(1)

Port State jurisdiction

101

(1)

Geneva Conventions and customary international law

101

(2)

LOSC

103

(1)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

103

(1)

Enforcement jurisdiction

104

(5)

State practice on Article 218

109

(1)

Regulatory conventions

110

(1)

Residual jurisdiction

110

(5)

Limitations on residual jurisdiction

115

(2)

Regional approaches

117

(2)

Application to ships of non-Parties

119

(2)

Regional agreements on port State control

121

(1)

General

121

(4)

Enforcement jurisdiction

125

(5)

Conclusions

130

(5)

PART 2 COASTAL STATE JURISDICTION OVER VESSEL-SOURCE POLLUTION

Regulating Vessel-Source Pollution

135

(50)

Introduction

135

(1)

Standard-setting

136

(4)

The international level

136

(1)

The national level

137

(2)

Harmonization of the international with the national level

139

(1)

Rules of reference

140

(43)

General

140

(1)

International rules and standards

141

(1)

Meaning, source and legal nature

141

(2)

Relation with customary law

143

(5)

The concept of 'generally accepted'

148

(1)

Historical background

148

(2)

Provisions in the LOSC

150

(1)

Meaning and purpose

151

(6)

Binding effect

157

(1)

General

157

(1)

Regional standard-setting

158

(3)

States non-Parties to the LOSC

161

(2)

Persistent objectors

163

(1)

Assessment

164

(4)

The concept of 'applicable'

168

(1)

Provisions in the LOSC

168

(1)

Meaning and purpose

168

(1)

Assessment

169

(2)

State practice

171

(1)

General

171

(1)

The concept of 'generally accepted'

172

(7)

The status of the rule of reference

179

(4)

Conclusions

183

(2)

Port and Internal waters

185

(10)

Introduction

185

(1)

LOSC

186

(5)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

186

(1)

Enforcement jurisdiction

186

(5)

Regulatory conventions

191

(1)

State practice

192

(1)

Conclusions

193

(2)

Territorial Sea

195

(80)

Introduction

195

(4)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

199

(43)

LOSC

199

(1)

General

199

(5)

Ships carrying hazardous cargoes

204

(5)

Regulatory conventions

209

(1)

General

209

(1)

COLREG 72

209

(1)

MARPOL 73/78

210

(2)

SOLAS 74

212

(4)

State practice

216

(1)

Geographically

216

(3)

Substantively

219

(21)

Conclusions

240

(2)

Enforcement jurisdiction

242

(30)

LOSC

242

(1)

General

242

(1)

Ships in innocent passage

242

(7)

Ships in non-innocent passage

249

(1)

The right of hot pursuit

250

(3)

Regulatory conventions

253

(1)

COLREG 72

253

(1)

MARPOL 73/78

253

(2)

SOLAS 74

255

(1)

State practice

255

(1)

Ships in innocent passage

255

(13)

Ships in non-innocent passage

268

(3)

Conclusions

271

(1)

Conclusions

272

(3)

Contiguous Zone

275

(8)

Introduction

275

(1)

Jurisdiction

276

(5)

LOSC

276

(1)

Regulatory conventions

277

(1)

State practice

277

(1)

Geographically

277

(2)

Substantively

279

(2)

Conclusions

281

(2)

Straits and Archipelagic Waters

283

(78)

Introduction

283

(1)

Straits

283

(56)

Introduction

283

(7)

LOSC

290

(1)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

290

(5)

Enforcement jurisdiction

295

(3)

Regulatory conventions

298

(1)

State practice

299

(1)

General

299

(8)

Straits covered by (non-)long-standing conventions

307

(1)

General

307

(1)

Conventions falling under Article 35(c)

308

(7)

Conventions not falling under Article 35(c)

315

(4)

Conclusions

319

(3)

Other specific state practice

322

(1)

State practice on transit passage

322

(6)

State practice on the relation between the territorial sea and straits

328

(5)

Conclusions

333

(5)

Conclusions

338

(1)

Archipelagic waters

339

(20)

Introduction

339

(3)

LOSC

342

(1)

General

342

(1)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

343

(2)

Enforcement jurisdiction

345

(1)

Regulatory conventions

345

(2)

State practice

347

(1)

General

347

(4)

Specific

351

(7)

Conclusions

358

(1)

Conclusions

359

(2)

Exclusive Economic Zone

361

(40)

Introduction

361

(2)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

363

(19)

LOSC

363

(3)

Regulatory conventions

366

(1)

State practice

367

(1)

General

367

(5)

Specific

372

(6)

Ships carrying hazardous cargoes

378

(3)

Conclusions

381

(1)

Enforcement jurisdiction

382

(16)

LOSC

382

(6)

Regulatory conventions

388

(1)

State practice

389

(1)

General

389

(1)

Specific

390

(6)

Ships carrying hazardous cargoes

396

(1)

Conclusions

397

(1)

Conclusions

398

(3)

Special Pollution Prevention Areas

401

(58)

Introduction

401

(1)

LOSC

402

(29)

General

402

(1)

Special areas under Article 211(6)

402

(1)

General

402

(1)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

403

(4)

Enforcement jurisdiction

407

(1)

State practice

408

(10)

Conclusions

418

(1)

Ice-covered areas

419

(1)

General

419

(1)

Prescriptive and enforcement jurisdiction

420

(1)

State practice

421

(5)

Conclusions

426

(1)

Safety zones

426

(1)

General

426

(1)

Prescriptive and enforcement jurisdiction

427

(1)

State practice

428

(2)

Conclusions

430

(1)

Regulatory instruments

431

(12)

MARPOL 73/78

431

(4)

SOLAS 74

435

(3)

LL 66

438

(1)

PSSA Guidelines

438

(4)

Conclusions

442

(1)

Antarctic Treaty System

443

(8)

General

443

(1)

Unilateral approaches

443

(2)

Multilateral approaches

445

(6)

Conclusions

451

(1)

Regional conventions

451

(4)

UNEP Conventions

451

(3)

Helsinki Conventions

454

(1)

Conclusions

455

(4)

Safeguards

459

(22)

Introduction

459

(1)

LOSC

459

(9)

General

459

(1)

Specific

460

(6)

Applicability of safeguards

466

(2)

Regulatory conventions

468

(5)

General

468

(1)

CDEM standards

469

(1)

Discharge and emission standards

470

(1)

Operational requirements

471

(2)

State practice

473

(6)

Conclusions

479

(2)

Dispute Settlement

481

(18)

Introduction

481

(1)

LOSC

482

(14)

General

482

(6)

The prompt release of vessels and crews

488

(1)

General

488

(2)

'Provisions' under Article 292

490

(5)

State practice

495

(1)

Other relevant global conventions

496

(2)

Conclusions

498

(1)

Vessel-Source Air Pollution

499

(18)

Introduction

499

(1)

Jurisdiction over pollution from or through the atmosphere under the LOSC

500

(6)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

500

(3)

Enforcement jurisdiction

503

(2)

Safeguards and dispute settlement

505

(1)

MARPOL 73/78

506

(6)

General

506

(2)

The impact of Regulation VI/11(6)

508

(1)

Prescriptive jurisdiction

508

(1)

Enforcement jurisdiction

509

(1)

Safeguards and dispute settlement

510

(1)

Jurisdiction under Annex VI

511

(1)

Conclusions

512

(5)

PART 3 CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions

517

(78)

Introduction

517

(1)

Coastal State jurisdiction in the LOSC

517

(3)

The LOSC and the concept of jurisdiction in international law

520

(1)

State practice

521

(5)

Role of IMO

526

(3)

Global regulatory approaches

529

(1)

The current balance of jurisdiction

530

(5)

ANNEXES, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX

Annex 1: National Legislation, Statements, and Declarations

535

(30)

Annex 2: International Instruments

565

(20)

Annex 3: Alphabetical List of States and International Organizations that have Ratified, Acceded or Succeeded to the LOSC

585

(2)

Annex 4: Cases

587

(4)

Annex 5: Documents

591

(4)

Bibliography

595

(24)

Index

619

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Coastal State Jurisdiction over Vessel-Source Pollution

9041111271

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