Second World : Empires and Influence in the New Global Order

by KHANNA, PARAG

• ISBN13: 9781400065080
• ISBN10: 1400065089
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-03-04
• Publisher: Random House

Summary

Grand explanations of how to understand the complex twenty-first-century world have all fallen shortuntil now. In The Second World, the brilliant young scholar Parag Khanna takes readers on a thrilling global tour, one that shows how America's dominant moment has been suddenly replaced by a geopolitical marketplace wherein the European Union and China compete with the United States to shape world order on their own terms. This contest is hottest and most decisive in the Second World: pivotal regions in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and East Asia. Khanna explores the evolution of geopolitics through the recent histories of such underreported, fascinating, and complicated countries as Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Colombia, Libya, Vietnam, and Malaysianations whose resources will ultimately determine the fate of the three superpowers, but whose futures are perennially uncertain as they struggle to rise into the first world or avoid falling into the third. Informed, witty, and armed with a traveler's intuition for blending into diverse cultures, Khanna mixes copious research with deep reportage to remake the map of the world. He depicts second-world societies from the inside out, observing how globalization divides them into winners and losers along political, economic, and cultural linesand shows how China, Europe, and America use their unique imperial gravities to pull the second-world countries into their orbits. Along the way, Khanna also explains how Arabism and Islamism compete for the Arab soul, reveals how Iran and Saudi Arabia play the superpowers against one another, unmasks Singapore's inspirational role in East Asia, and psychoanalyzes the second-world leaders whose decisions are reshaping the balance of power. He captures the most elusive formula in international affairs: how to think like a country. In the twenty-first century, globalization is the main battlefield of geopolitics, and America itself runs the risk of descending into the second world if it does not renew itself and redefine its role in the world. Comparable in scope and boldness to Francis Fukuyama's The End of History and the Last Man and Samuel P. Huntington's The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Parag Khanna's The Second World will be the definitive guide to world politics for years to come. "A savvy, streetwise primer on dozens of individual countries that adds up to a coherent theory of global politics." Robert D. Kaplan, author of Eastward to Tartary and Warrior Politics "A panoramic overview that boldly addresses the dilemmas of the world that our next president will confront." Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, former national security advisor "Parag Khanna's fascinating book takes us on an epic journey around the multipolar world, elegantly combining historical analysis, political theory, and eye-witness reports to shed light on the battle for primacy between the world's new empires." Mark Leonard, Executive Director, European Council on Foreign Relations "Khanna, a widely recognized expert on global politics, offers an study of the 21st century's emerging "geopolitical marketplace" dominated by three "first world" superpowers, the U.S., Europe and China... The final pages of his book warn eloquently of the risks of imperial overstretch combined with declining economic dominance and deteriorating quality of life. By themselves those pages are worth the price of a book that from beginning to end inspires reflection." Publishers Weekly From the Hardcover edition.

Author Biography

Parag Khanna directs the Global Governance Initiative in the American Strategy Program of the New America Foundation. He has been a fellow at the Brookings Institution and worked for the World Economic Forum and the Council on Foreign Relations. During 2007, he was a senior geopolitical advisor to U.S. Special Operations Command. Born in India, Khanna was raised in the United Arab Emirates, the United States, and Germany. He holds undergraduate and graduate degrees from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and is completing his Ph.D. at the London School of Economics. He has written for major global publications such as The New York Times and Financial Times and appeared on CNN and other television media around the world. Having traveled in close to one hundred countries. He is a member of the Explorers Club.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Introduction: Inter-Imperial Relations	p. xiii
The West's East
Brussels: The New Rome	p. 3
The Russian Devolution	p. 10
Ukraine: From Border to Bridge	p. 16
The Balkans: Eastern Questions	p. 26
Turkey: Marching East and West	p. 36
The Caucasian Corridor	p. 47
Conclusion: Stretching Europe	p. 60
Affairs of the Heartland
The Silk Road and the Great Game	p. 65
The Russia That Was	p. 71
Tibet and Xinjiang: The NewBamboo Curtain	p. 78
Kazakhstan: "Happiness Is Multiple Pipelines"	p. 85
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Sovereign of Everything, Master of Nothing	p. 93
Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan: Men Behaving Badly	p. 98
Afghanistan and Pakistan: Taming South-Central Asia	p. 108
Conclusion: A Change of Heart	p. 115
The End of the Monroe Doctrine
The New Rules of the Game	p. 121
Mexico: The Umbilical Cord	p. 132
Venezuela: Bolivar's Revenge	p. 137
Colombia: The Andean Balkans?	p. 144
Brazil: The Southern Pole	p. 152
Argentina and Chile: Very Fraternal Twins	p. 159
Conclusion: Beyond Monroe	p. 166
In Search of the "Middle East"
The Shattered Belt	p. 171
The Maghreb: Europe's Southern Shore	p. 176
Egypt: Between Bureaucrats and Theocrats	p. 191
The Mashreq: Road Maps	p. 204
The Former Iraq: Buffer, Black Hole, and Broken Boundary	p. 220
Iran: Virtues and Vices	p. 227
Gulf Streams	p. 234
Conclusion: Arabian Sand Dunes	p. 252
Asia for Asians
From Outside in to Inside Out	p. 257
China's First-World Seduction	p. 269
Malaysia and Indonesia: The Greater Chinese Co-Prosperity Sphere	p. 278
Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam: The Inner Triangle	p. 292
Size Matters: The Four Chinas	p. 300
Conclusion: The Search for Equilibrium in a Non-American World	p. 321
Acknowledgments	p. 343
Bibliography	p. 353
Notes	p. 377
Index	p. 443
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