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9781594600265

Sexuality And Discrimination

by
  • ISBN13:

    9781594600265

  • ISBN10:

    1594600260

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2005-08-01
  • Publisher: Carolina Academic Press

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Summary

This unique casebook explores the many dimensions of discrimination in the context of sexuality. Strategic considerations of the lawyer as advocate are included, raising issues intended to heighten students' awareness of the personal complexities that often attend the representation of gay and lesbian clients.In its treatment of the ubiquitous problem of discrimination based on sexual orientation, the book addresses the variety of federal, state, and international constitutional and statutory regimes in the contexts of education, employment, housing, and the many issues involving the definition of "family." Cases decided by state, foreign, and various federal courts are analyzed against the backdrop of an emerging paradigm of equal protection of the laws that continues to develop in the United States Supreme Court.The book also considers the intersection of sexuality and AIDS and discrimination against pregnant women. A teacher's manual will be available.

Table of Contents

Table of Cases
xxi
Table of Secondary Authorities
xxxiii
Preface xlvii
Part I Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation
Introduction
5(1)
The Social Environment
5(11)
The Gay Minority: Facts and Myths
5(4)
Understanding the Effects of Homophobia
9(2)
External Homophobia
11(1)
Violence
11(1)
Discrimination
12(1)
Estrangement from Family and Friends
12(1)
Internalized Homophobia
13(1)
Representing the Gay Client in Litigation
14(1)
Litigation Tactics when Sexual Orientation Is Not an Issue
15(1)
Litigation Tactics when Sexual Orientation Is an Issue
15(1)
The Shifting Social Environment
16(1)
The Legal Environment
16(73)
The ``Right to Privacy''
17(1)
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986), rehearing denied, 478 U.S. 1039 (1986)
18(9)
Notes
27(3)
From Bowers v. Hardwick to Lawrence v. Texas
30(1)
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003)
30(15)
Notes
45(2)
The Emerging Paradigm of Equal Protection
47(1)
Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996)
47(9)
Notes
56(4)
First Amendment Rights of Private Groups
60(1)
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston, 515 U.S. 557 (1995)
60(9)
Notes
69(3)
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000)
72(15)
Notes
87(2)
Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation in the Context of Education
89(56)
Granting Formal Recognition of Student Groups in Higher Education
90(25)
Gay Lib v. University of Missouri, 558 F.2d 848, 50 A.L.R.Fed. 496 (8th Cir. 1977), certiorari denied, 434 U.S. 1080 (1978)
90(4)
Notes
94(3)
Gay Rights Coalition of Georgetown University Law Center v. Georgetown University, 536 A.2d 1 (D.C. App. 1987)
97(15)
Notes
112(3)
Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation in High Schools
115(30)
Equal Protection Claims Based on Sexual Orientation
117(1)
Nabozny v. Podlesny, 92 F.3d 446 (7th Cir. 1996)
117(9)
Flores v. Morgan Hill Unified School District, 324 F.3d 1130 (9th Cir. 2003)
126(5)
Notes
131(1)
First Amendment Free Speech Claims
132(2)
Fricke v. Lynch, 491 F.Supp. 381 (D.R.I. 1980)
134(5)
Notes
139(6)
Employment Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation
145(114)
The Military
146(61)
Discharge and Discipline of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Members of the Military Service
146(6)
Able v. United States, 88 F.3d 1280 (2d. Cir. 1996)
152(11)
Notes
163(6)
Other Constitutional Attacks on the ``Don't Ask, Don't Tell'' Policy
169(5)
The ``Don't Ask, Don't Tell'' Policy Perpetuates ``Witchhunts''
174(2)
Parallels Between the ``Don't Ask, Don't Tell'' Policy and Race
176(2)
The Solomon Amendment
178(2)
United States v. Marcum, 60 M.J. 198 (C.A.A.F. 2004)
180(7)
Notes
187(1)
Access of Gays and Lesbians to Security Clearances
188(1)
High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office, 895 F.2d 563 (9th Cir. 1990)
188(8)
High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office, 909 F.2d 375 (9th Cir. 1990)
196(7)
Notes
203(4)
The Federal Government
207(2)
The Rehabilitation Act
207(1)
Access Clearance Revocation
207(1)
The Clinton Administration's Protection of Gay and Lesbian Federal Employees
208(1)
State and Local Government Employers
209(25)
Shahar v. Bowers, 114 F.3d 1097 (11th Cir. 1997) (en banc)
210(11)
Notes
221(4)
Rowland v. Mad River Local School District, 730 F.2d 444 (6th Cir. 1984), cert, denied, 470 U.S. 1009 (1985)
225(6)
Notes
231(3)
Private Employers and Organizations
234(25)
Constitutional Challenges to Protective Legislation
234(1)
Hyman v. City of Louisville, 132 F. Supp. 2d 528 (W.D. Ky. 2001)
234(8)
Note
242(1)
The Ministerial Exception for Religious Organizations
242(2)
Harassment and Unemployment Benefits
244(1)
Hanke v. Safari Hair Adventure, 512 N.W.2d 614 (Minn. Ct. App. 1994)
244(2)
Notes
246(3)
Same-Sex Sexual Harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
249(1)
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75 (1998)
249(3)
Notes
252(7)
Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation in the Context of Housing
259(24)
Defining the Term ``Family''
259(12)
Braschi v. Stahl Associates Company, 543 N.E.2d 49 (N.Y. 1989)
260(5)
Notes
265(6)
Segregation of Homosexual Prison Inmates
271(12)
Veney v. Wyche, 293 F.3d 726 (4th Cir. 2002)
271(6)
Johnson v. Johnson, 385 F.3d 503 (5th Cir. 2004)
277(4)
Notes
281(2)
Domestic Relations and Family Status
283(160)
Same-Sex Marriage
283(64)
Baker v. Nelson, 291 Minn. 310, 191 N.W.2d 185 (1971), appeal dismissed, 409 U.S. 810 (1972)
286(1)
Notes
287(1)
Transsexuals
288(2)
Baehr v. Lewin, 74 Haw. 530 (1993)
290(5)
Notes
295(6)
Name Changes
301(2)
Relationship Contracts Distinguished from Marriage
303(2)
Brause v. Bureau of Vital Statistics, 1998 WL 88743 (Alaska Super. 1998)
305(4)
Notes
309(3)
Baker v. State of Vermont, 170 Vt. 194 (1999)
312(12)
Notes
324(3)
Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, 440 Mass, 309, 798 N.E.2d 941 (Mass. 2003)
327(14)
Notes
341(4)
The Full Faith and Credit Clause and the Defense of Marriage Act
345(2)
Domestic Partnership Benefits and Rights of Family for Same-Gender Partners
347(47)
In re Cooper, 592 N.Y.S.2d 797 (N.Y. App. Div. 1993)
347(4)
Notes
351(3)
Ross v. Denver Dep't of Health and Hospitals, 883 P.2d 516 (Colo. Ct. App. 1994)
354(4)
Notes
358(2)
Bailey v. City of Austin, 972 S.W.2d 180 (Tex. App.---Austin 1998)
360(6)
Notes
366(1)
City of Atlanta v. McKinney, 454 S.E.2d 517 (Ga. 1995)
366(5)
Notes
371(8)
Tanner v. Oregon Health Sciences University, 157 Or. App. 502 (1998)
379(5)
Notes
384(1)
Irizarry v. Board of Education of the City of Chicago, 251 F.3d 604 (7th Cir. 2001)
385(5)
Notes
390(4)
Children
394(49)
Custody
395(1)
Damron v. Damron, 670 N.W.2d 871 (N.D. 2003)
395(3)
Notes
398(1)
The Conduct of Homosexual Parents and its Effect on Custody Rights
399(2)
Sexual Orientation as a Factor in Visitation Determinations
401(1)
V.C. v. M.J.B., 748 A.2d 539 (N.J. 2000), cert, denied, 531 U.S. 926 (2000)
402(9)
Notes
411(1)
Visitation Rights Where One Parent Is Gay or Lesbian
412(2)
The Adoption of Children by Gays and Lesbians
414(1)
In re Adoption of Charles B., 552 N.E.2d 884 (Ohio 1990)
414(4)
Notes
418(5)
Lofton v. Sec. of Dep't of Children and Family Serv., 358 F.3d 804 (11th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 125 S. Ct. 869 (2005)
423(8)
Lofton v. Sec. of Dep't of Children and Family Serv., 377 F.3d 1275 (11th Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 125 S. Ct. 869 (2005)
431(8)
Notes
439(1)
Adult Adoption as a Substitute for Marriage
440(3)
Sexual Orientation and Immigration
443(24)
History of Immigration as Applied to Homosexuality
443(5)
Boutilier v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 387 U.S. 118 (1967)
443(5)
Notes
448(1)
Family Immigration Policy
448(7)
Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 (9th Cir.), cert, denied, 458 U.S. 1111 (1982)
449(5)
Notes
454(1)
The Permanent Partners Immigration Act
454(1)
International Laws Surrounding Same-Gender Couples and Immigration
455(1)
The ``Refugee'' Question
456(11)
Hernandez-Montiel v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 225 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2000)
456(8)
Notes
464(3)
Hate and Sexuality
467(58)
The National Problem
467(1)
Hate Speech
468(17)
First Amendment Concerns
468(1)
Chambers v. Babbitt, 145 F. Supp. 2d 1068 (D. Minn. 2001)
469(6)
Notes
475(1)
The Current Debate
476(2)
American Family Association, Inc. v. City and County of San Francisco, 277 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2002), cert, denied, 537 U.S. 886 (2002)
478(4)
Notes
482(1)
Internet Issues
483(2)
Hate Crime
485(21)
What Is a Hate Crime?
485(2)
Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
487(1)
Bias in the Judicial System: Discrimination in the Administration of Justice
487(1)
The Death Penalty
488(1)
Neill v. Gibson, 278 F.3d 1044 (10th Cir. 2001), cert, denied, 537 U.S. 835 (2002)
489(6)
Notes
495(1)
Hate in Prison Systems
496(1)
United States v. Lara, 905 F.2d 599 (2d Cir. 1990)
497(4)
Notes
501(1)
The Homosexual Advance Defense
501(2)
State v. Knight, 909 P.2d 1133 (Haw. 1996)
503(2)
Notes
505(1)
Hate Crime Legislation Addressing Hate and Sexual Orientation
506(9)
State Laws
506(2)
Federal Legislation
508(1)
18 U.S.C. § 245
508(1)
Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990
509(1)
Hate Crimes Sentencing Enhancement Act of 1994
509(1)
Proposed Legislation: The Local Law Enforcement Enhancement Act
510(5)
Part II The Civil Rights of People with AIDS
Introduction: Facts about AIDS
515(1)
Scientific Background
515(2)
Social Environment
517(1)
Legal Environment
518(7)
HIV Testing, Screening, and Confidentiality: An American Perspective
518(2)
HIV and the Law: Integrating Law, Policy, and Social Epidemiology
520(1)
Experiencing HIV: Personal, Family, and Work Relationships
521(1)
Statistics on AIDS
522(3)
Patients with AIDS
525(58)
Common Law Duties of Hospitals and Individual Physicians
526(4)
Fiske v. Rooney, 663 N.E.2d 1014 (Ohio Ct. App. 1995)
526(3)
Notes
529(1)
Access to Medical Care
530(18)
Glanz v. Vernick, 756 F. Supp. 632 (D. Mass. 1991)
530(5)
Notes
535(1)
Stating a Claim Under the ADA
536(1)
Sharrow v. Bailey, 910 F. Supp. 187 (M.D. Penn. 1995)
536(3)
Notes
539(1)
How Far Does the Right Extend? The Patient's Rights v. Medical Judgment
539(1)
Lesley v. Hee Man Chie, 250 F.3d 47 (1st Cir. 2001)
540(8)
Notes
548(1)
Access to Dental Care
548(12)
Bragdon v. Abbott, 524 U.S. 624 (1998)
549(9)
Notes
558(2)
Heightened Precautionary Measures
560(4)
North Shore University Hospital v. Rosa, 633 N.Y.S.2d 462 (N.Y. 1995)
560(3)
Notes
563(1)
Insurance Coverage
564(19)
Anderson v. Gus Mayer Boston Store of Delaware, 924 F. Supp. 763 (E.D. Tx. 1996)
564(12)
Notes
576(1)
McGann v. H & H Music Company, 946 F.2d 401 (5th Cir. 1991)
576(4)
Notes
580(3)
Health Care Workers
583(42)
Federal Regulation of the Workplace: OSHA and the CDC
584(6)
American Dental Association v. Martin, 984 F.2d 823 (7th Cir. 1993), cert, denied, 510 U.S. 859 (1993)
585(5)
Note
590(1)
Mandatory Testing
590(3)
Kressler v. Four Winds Hospital, 2002 WL 1300057 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) (not reported in F. Supp.)
590(2)
Notes
592(1)
Confidentiality
593(5)
In re Application of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 634 A.2d 159 (Pa. 1993)
594(3)
Notes
597(1)
Informed Consent, Practice Limits, and The ``Direct Threat'' Defense
598(15)
Scoles v. Mercy Health Corp., 887 F. Supp. 765 (E.D. Pa. 1994)
599(5)
Note
604(1)
Mauro v. Borgess Medical Center, 137 F.3d 398 (6th Cir. 1998), cert, denied, 525 U.S. 815 (1998)
604(8)
Notes
612(1)
The Reactions of Patients to Health Care Workers with AIDS
613(12)
Kerins v. Hartley, 27 Cal.App.4th 1062 (Cal.App.2.Dist., 1994)
613(9)
Notes
622(3)
Limitations on Disclosure
625(70)
Disclosure by a Third Party
625(28)
Doe v. Borough of Barrington, 729 F. Supp. 376 (D.N.J. 1990)
626(6)
Notes
632(1)
Harris v. Thigpen, 941 F.2d 1495 (11th Cir. 1991)
633(6)
Notes
639(2)
Doe v. City of New York, 15 F.3d 264 (2d Cir. 1994)
641(2)
Notes
643(1)
Doe v. Delie, 257 F.3d 309 (3d Cir. 2001)
643(9)
Notes
652(1)
HIV Confidentiality Statutes
653(9)
Doe v. Marselle, 675 A.2d 835 (Conn. 1996)
656(4)
Notes
660(1)
N.O.L. v. District of Columbia, 674 A.2d 498 (D.C. App. 1995)
661(1)
Notes
662(1)
Physicians' Liability to Third Parties
662(10)
Reisner v. Regents of the University of California, 37 Cal.Rptr.2d 518 (Cal. Ct. App. 1995)
663(3)
Notes
666(1)
Lemon v. Stewart, 682 A.2d 1177 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1996)
667(5)
Notes
672(1)
Discovery
672(23)
Watson v. Lowcountry Red Cross, 974 F.2d 482 (4th Cir. 1992)
673(4)
Note
677(1)
Doe v. Puget Sound Blood Center, 819 P.2d 370 (Wash. 1991)
678(5)
Notes
683(1)
South Florida Blood Service, Inc. v. Rasmussen, 467 So.2d 798 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1985)
683(6)
Notes
689(1)
Roth v. New York Blood Center, Inc., 596 N.Y.S.2d 639 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1993)
689(5)
Note
694(1)
AIDS and the Family
695(26)
Custody and Visitation
695(6)
Stewart v. Stewart, 521 N.E.2d 956 (Ind. Ct. App. 1988)
695(2)
Steven L. v. Dawn J., 561 N.Y.S.2d 322 (Fam. Ct. 1990)
697(3)
Notes
700(1)
Foster Families
701(9)
In re Interest of John T., 538 N.W.2d 761 (Neb. Ct. App. 1995)
701(8)
Notes
709(1)
Access to Child Care
710(11)
United States v. Happy Time Day Care Center, 6 F. Supp. 2d 1073 (W.D. Wis. 1998)
711(8)
Notes
719(2)
Discrimination in Employment, Housing, and Education
721(88)
Doe v. County of Centre, Pennsylvania, 242 F.3d 437 (3d Cir. 2001)
721(9)
Employment
730(23)
``Otherwise Qualified'' and ``Reasonable Accommodation''
731(1)
Chalk v. United States District Court, Central District of California, 840 F.2d 701 (9th Cir. 1988)
732(5)
Notes
737(3)
Discriminatory Discharge
740(1)
Raintree Health Care Center v. Human Rights Commission, 655 N.E.2d 944 (Ill. App. Ct. 1995)
740(4)
Notes
744(1)
Hostile Work Environment: Disability-based Workplace Harassment
745(1)
Flowers v. Southern Regional Physician Services, Inc., 247 F.3d 229 (5th Cir. 2001)
745(6)
Notes
751(2)
Housing Discrimination
753(32)
Support Ministries for Persons with AIDS, Inc. v. Village of Waterford, 808 F. Supp. 120 (N.D. N.Y. 1992)
754(7)
Notes
761(1)
Hill v. Community of Damien of Molokai, 911 P.2d 861 (N.M. 1996)
762(10)
Notes
772(1)
Giebeler v. M & B Associates, 343 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2003)
772(8)
East 97th Street Corp. v. New York City Commission on Human Rights, 642 N.Y.S.2d 638 (N.Y. App. Div. 1996)
780(4)
Notes
784(1)
Education and School Children
785(24)
Ray v. School District of DeSoto County, 666 F. Supp. 1524 (M.D. Fla. 1987)
786(6)
Notes
792(2)
Doe v. Dolton Elementary School Dist. No. 148, 694 F.Supp. 440 (N.D. Ill. 1988)
794(8)
Notes
802(1)
Doe v. Washington University, 780 F.Supp. 628 (E.D.Mo. 1991)
802(7)
Criminal Law
809(50)
AIDS as a Weapon
809(11)
Weeks v. Scott, 55 F.3d 1059 (5th Cir. 1995)
809(4)
Notes
813(1)
Smallwood v. State, 680 A.2d 512 (Md. 1996)
814(5)
Notes
819(1)
Sentencing
820(3)
State v. Ferguson, 15 P.3d 1271 (Wash. 2001)
820(3)
Notes
823(1)
Compulsory Testing
823(28)
United States v. Ward, 131 F.3d 335 (11th Cir. 1997)
823(5)
Notes
828(2)
State Compulsory Testing Laws
830(1)
Adams v. State, 498 S.E.2d 268 (Ga. 1998)
831(4)
Notes
835(1)
In the Matter of JUVENILES A, B, C, D, E, 847 P.2d 455 (Wash. 1993)
836(11)
Notes
847(4)
Part III Discrimination Against Pregnant Women
Introduction
851(1)
Approaches to Addressing Pregnancy Discrimination: Uniqueness or Sameness?
851(2)
International Policy
853(3)
China
853(1)
Major Industrialized Nations
854(1)
Sweden
854(1)
Canada
855(1)
Japan
855(1)
Mexico
856(1)
United Nations
856(1)
United States Policy
856(3)
Notes
856(3)
Pregnancy and Employment Discrimination
859(62)
Gilbert, Aiello and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act
859(43)
General Electric Co. v. Gilbert, 429 U.S. 125 (1976)
859(3)
Note
862(1)
Pregnancy Discrimination Act---42 U.S.C. § 2000e(k)
862(1)
Notes
862(1)
California Federal Savings and Loan Ass'n v. Guerra, 479 U.S. 272 (1987)
863(4)
Notes
867(2)
Bona Fide Occupational Qualification
869(1)
United Auto. Workers of Am. v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 499 U.S. 187 (1991)
869(7)
Notes
876(1)
Intentional Discrimination and Disparate Treatment
876(1)
EEOC v. Ackerman, Hood & McQueen, 956 F.2d 944 (10th Cir. 1992)
876(3)
``Similarly Situated''
879(1)
Ensley-Gaines v. Runyon, 100 F.3d 1220 (6th Cir. 1996)
879(6)
Urbano v. Continental Airlines, Inc., 138 F.3d 204 (5th Cir. 1998)
885(3)
Notes
888(1)
Laxton v. Gap Inc., 333 F.3d 572 (5th Cir. 2003)
889(6)
Notes
895(1)
Spivey v. Beverly Enterprises, Inc., 196 F.3d 1309 (11th Cir. 1999)
896(1)
Stout v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 282 F.3d 856 (5th Cir. 2002)
897(3)
Notes
900(1)
Notes on the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
901(1)
Scope of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act: ``New Mom'' Issues, Breast Feeding, Fertility Treatments, and Contraception
902(19)
Piantanida v. Wyman Center, Inc., 116 F.3d 340 (8th Cir. 1997)
902(2)
Notes
904(2)
Saks v. Franklin Covey Co., 316 F.3d 337 (2d Cir. 2003)
906(7)
Note
913(1)
Contraception
913(1)
Erickson v. Bartell Drug Co., 141 F.Supp. 2d 1266 (W.D. Wash. 2001)
913(5)
Notes
918(3)
Index 921

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